.NET Core使用Quartz的实现示例
<div id="navCategory"><h5 class="catalogue">目录</h5><ul class="first_class_ul"><li><a href="#_label0">1. 安装 NuGet 包</a></li><li><a href="#_label1">2. 配置服务</a></li><ul class="second_class_ul"><li><a href="#_lab2_1_0">.NET 6+ 使用 Minimal API：</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_1_1">传统配置方式：</a></li></ul><li><a href="#_label2">3. 创建作业</a></li><ul class="second_class_ul"></ul><li><a href="#_label3">4. 使用依赖注入的作业</a></li><ul class="second_class_ul"></ul><li><a href="#_label4">5. 配置多个作业和触发器</a></li><ul class="second_class_ul"></ul><li><a href="#_label5">6. 使用配置文件</a></li><ul class="second_class_ul"></ul><li><a href="#_label6">7. 动态调度作业</a></li><ul class="second_class_ul"></ul><li><a href="#_label7">常用 Cron 表达式示例</a></li><ul class="second_class_ul"></ul></ul></div><p>在 .NET Core 中使用 Quartz.NET 可以分为以下几个主要步骤：</p><p class="maodian"><a name="_label0"></a></p><h2>1. 安装 NuGet 包</h2>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:csharp;">dotnet add package Quartz
dotnet add package Quartz.Extensions.Hosting
</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_label1"></a></p><h2>2. 配置服务</h2>
<p>在 <code>Program.cs</code> 或 <code>Startup.cs</code> 中配置 Quartz：</p>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_1_0"></a></p><h3>.NET 6+ 使用 Minimal API：</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:csharp;">var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
// 添加 Quartz 服务
builder.Services.AddQuartz(q =>
{
// 可选：配置 Quartz 选项
q.UseMicrosoftDependencyInjectionJobFactory();
// 创建作业键
var jobKey = new JobKey("HelloWorldJob");
// 注册作业
q.AddJob<HelloWorldJob>(opts => opts.WithIdentity(jobKey));
// 创建触发器
q.AddTrigger(opts => opts
.ForJob(jobKey)
.WithIdentity("HelloWorldJob-trigger")
.WithCronSchedule("0/5 * * * * ?")); // 每5秒执行一次
});
// 添加 Quartz 托管服务
builder.Services.AddQuartzHostedService(q => q.WaitForJobsToComplete = true);
var app = builder.Build();
app.Run();
</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_1_1"></a></p><h3>传统配置方式：</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:csharp;">public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddQuartz(q =>
{
q.UseMicrosoftDependencyInjectionJobFactory();
var jobKey = new JobKey("HelloWorldJob");
q.AddJob<HelloWorldJob>(opts => opts.WithIdentity(jobKey));
q.AddTrigger(opts => opts
.ForJob(jobKey)
.WithIdentity("HelloWorldJob-trigger")
.WithCronSchedule("0 0/5 * * * ?")); // 每5分钟执行一次
});
services.AddQuartzHostedService(q => q.WaitForJobsToComplete = true);
}
</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_label2"></a></p><h2>3. 创建作业</h2>
<p>创建实现 <code>IJob</code> 接口的作业类：</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:csharp;">using Quartz;
public class HelloWorldJob : IJob
{
private readonly ILogger<HelloWorldJob> _logger;
public HelloWorldJob(ILogger<HelloWorldJob> logger)
{
_logger = logger;
}
public async Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
{
_logger.LogInformation("HelloWorldJob 执行于: {Time}", DateTime.Now);
// 你的业务逻辑
await Task.Delay(1000);
_logger.LogInformation("HelloWorldJob 完成于: {Time}", DateTime.Now);
}
}
</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_label3"></a></p><h2>4. 使用依赖注入的作业</h2>
<p>如果你的作业需要其他服务，可以通过构造函数注入：</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:csharp;">public class EmailJob : IJob
{
private readonly IEmailService _emailService;
private readonly ILogger<EmailJob> _logger;
public EmailJob(IEmailService emailService, ILogger<EmailJob> logger)
{
_emailService = emailService;
_logger = logger;
}
public async Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
{
try
{
// 从 JobDataMap 获取参数
var toEmail = context.JobDetail.JobDataMap.GetString("ToEmail");
var subject = context.JobDetail.JobDataMap.GetString("Subject");
await _emailService.SendAsync(toEmail, subject, "Hello from Quartz!");
_logger.LogInformation("邮件发送成功");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
_logger.LogError(ex, "邮件发送失败");
}
}
}
</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_label4"></a></p><h2>5. 配置多个作业和触发器</h2>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:csharp;">services.AddQuartz(q =>
{
// 作业1：每5分钟执行
var jobKey1 = new JobKey("ReportJob");
q.AddJob<ReportJob>(opts => opts.WithIdentity(jobKey1));
q.AddTrigger(opts => opts
.ForJob(jobKey1)
.WithIdentity("ReportJob-trigger")
.WithCronSchedule("0 0/5 * * * ?"));
// 作业2：每天凌晨2点执行
var jobKey2 = new JobKey("CleanupJob");
q.AddJob<CleanupJob>(opts => opts.WithIdentity(jobKey2));
q.AddTrigger(opts => opts
.ForJob(jobKey2)
.WithIdentity("CleanupJob-trigger")
.WithCronSchedule("0 0 2 * * ?"));
// 作业3：简单的间隔调度
var jobKey3 = new JobKey("HealthCheckJob");
q.AddJob<HealthCheckJob>(opts => opts.WithIdentity(jobKey3));
q.AddTrigger(opts => opts
.ForJob(jobKey3)
.WithIdentity("HealthCheckJob-trigger")
.StartNow()
.WithSimpleSchedule(x => x
.WithIntervalInSeconds(30)
.RepeatForever()));
});
</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_label5"></a></p><h2>6. 使用配置文件</h2>
<p>在 <code>appsettings.json</code> 中配置：</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:json;">{
"Quartz": {
"scheduler": {
"instanceName": "MyScheduler"
},
"threadPool": {
"type": "Quartz.Simpl.SimpleThreadPool, Quartz",
"threadCount": 10
},
"jobStore": {
"type": "Quartz.Simpl.RAMJobStore, Quartz"
}
}
}
</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_label6"></a></p><h2>7. 动态调度作业</h2>
<p>你也可以在运行时动态调度作业：</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:csharp;">public class JobSchedulerService
{
private readonly ISchedulerFactory _schedulerFactory;
public JobSchedulerService(ISchedulerFactory schedulerFactory)
{
_schedulerFactory = schedulerFactory;
}
public async Task ScheduleOneTimeJob<T>(DateTimeOffset startTime) where T : IJob
{
var scheduler = await _schedulerFactory.GetScheduler();
var job = JobBuilder.Create<T>()
.WithIdentity(Guid.NewGuid().ToString())
.Build();
var trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity(Guid.NewGuid().ToString())
.StartAt(startTime)
.Build();
await scheduler.ScheduleJob(job, trigger);
}
}
</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_label7"></a></p><h2>常用 Cron 表达式示例</h2>
<ul><li><code>"0 0/5 * * * ?"</code> - 每5分钟</li><li><code>"0 0 * * * ?"</code> - 每小时</li><li><code>"0 0 2 * * ?"</code> - 每天凌晨2点</li><li><code>"0 0 9 ? * MON-FRI"</code> - 工作日早上9点</li><li><code>"0 30 9 ? * MON"</code> - 每周一早上9:30</li></ul>
<p>这样你就完成了在 .NET Core 中集成和使用 Quartz.NET 的基本配置。记得根据你的具体需求调整作业逻辑和调度策略。</p>
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