CSS3模拟小仓鼠一直奔跑的动画特效(实例代码)
<p>最近在丽泽桥的花鸟虫鱼市场看见<strong>小仓鼠一直在奔跑</strong>，觉得它好累啊，但是却又乐此不疲的在跑着，就像我们这些打工族一样。之前见过有人把手机放在小仓鼠的滚轮上记步数，也是挺聪明的。今天就通过<strong>CSS3</strong>来实现一只一直奔跑着的小仓鼠。</p><p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/202309/2023091516251389.gif" /></p>
<h2>1. 实现思路</h2>
<p>本文中的小仓鼠并非一个图片，而是CSS3制作而成，看上去很有意思的一个动画，但却是多个CSS3属性的组合而成。包含了</p>
<ul><li>:root的公共样式定义</li><li>radial-gradient复合背景色值的追加</li><li>animation的多个动画组合</li><li>为了组合成小仓鼠的transform旋转使用</li><li>border-radius的复合计算等</li></ul>
<h2>2. 圆圈的实现</h2>
<p>小仓鼠要围绕着圆圈一直跑，而背景要置于页面背景之上，而且中间的滚动指针，小仓鼠，都会置于圆圈之上，所以定位的设定和层级的设定是重点</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:css;">border: 10px solid red;
z-index: 2;
border-radius: 50%;</pre></div>
<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" height="423" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/202309/2023091516251390.png" width="477" /></p>
<h2>3. 滚动指针的实现</h2>
<p>指针明显是用到了旋转，而布局并没有采用堆叠HTML元素的方式，而是采用<strong>radial-gradient</strong>背景追加的效果</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:css;">background: radial-gradient(
100% 100% at center,
hsl(0, 37%, 26%) 4.8%,
hsla(0, 31%, 20%, 0) 5%),
linear-gradient(hsla(0, 37%, 31%, 0) 46.9%,
hsl(0, 40%, 32%) 47% 52.9%,
hsla(0,0%,65%,0) 53%) 50% 50% / 99% 99% no-repeat;</pre></div>
<p> 然后再通过<strong>animation</strong>旋转的方式，使指针更像是一个钟表的指针在走，但效果是这样，我们都知道，其实是这个元素在不停的旋转</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:css;">@keyframes spoke {
from { transform: rotate(0); }
to { transform: rotate(-1turn); }
}</pre></div>
<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" height="382" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/202309/2023091516251391.png" width="398" /></p>
<h2>4. 小仓鼠身体的制作形成</h2>
<p>这里的小仓鼠并没有使用图片，因为它的小腿得使劲儿的跑，使劲儿的蹬，所以要做活，不能使用静态图片的方式。那么头部和身体，四条腿，尾巴就会有一个区分，先来看一下身体的效果</p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" height="389" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/202309/2023091516251392.png" width="434" /></p>
<h2>5. 小仓鼠头部的制作形成 </h2>
<p>头部又区分了头部区域整体，鼻子，眼睛，耳朵，而且想做的真实一些，眼睛可以时不时眨动一下，而眼睛眨动的过程就是，设定一个DIV元素，<strong>border-radius</strong>将其设置为圆形，而通过<strong>animation，</strong>将其不断缩放为0.然后再变回来，就形成了眨眼的动画</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:css;">from, 90%, to { transform: scaleY(1); }
95% { transform: scaleY(0); }</pre></div>
<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" height="374" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/202309/2023091516251393.png" width="385" /></p>
<h2>6. 小仓鼠四肢的形成 </h2>
<p>四肢除了布局层面，还要有个一直奔跑的动作，而且前2个腿和后2个腿，要有一个互动的过程，不能一起跑，几乎就是一前一后的过程，所以这个动画就涉及到<strong>rotate</strong>角度的变化，而且你想，一个DIV本身是一个带有width和height的元素，我们首先想到的是一个矩形，但小仓鼠的四肢很明显，是一个很特殊的形状，所以裁剪属性便派上了用场，类似于这样。</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:css;">clip-path: polygon(
0 0,100% 0,100% 30%,70% 90%,70%
100%,30% 100%,40% 90%,0% 30%);</pre></div>
<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" height="374" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/202309/2023091516251394.png" width="389" /></p>
<h2>7. 完整源代码 </h2>
<p>下面我把完整源代码放出来，需要的小伙伴可以直接复制粘贴到自己的文本里，进行查看。</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:xhtml;"><!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>mouse</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover">
<style>
* {
border: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
:root {
--bg: hsl(0, 0%, 4%);
--fg: hsl(230, 87%, 15%);
font-size: calc(16px + (24 - 16) * (100vw - 320px) / (1280 - 320));
}
body {
background: var(--bg);
color: var(--fg);
font: 1em/1.5 sans-serif;
height: 100vh;
display: grid;
place-items: center;
}
.wheel-and-hamster {
--dur: 1s;
position: relative;
width: 12em;
height: 12em;
}
.wheel,
.hamster,
.hamster div,
.spoke {
position: absolute;
}
.wheel,
.spoke {
border-radius: 50%;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
.wheel {
border: 10px solid red;
z-index: 2;
}
.hamster {
animation: hamster var(--dur) ease-in-out infinite;
top: 50%;
left: calc(50% - 3.5em);
width: 7em;
height: 3.75em;
transform: rotate(4deg) translate(-0.8em,1.85em);
transform-origin: 50% 0;
z-index: 1;
}
.hamster__head {
animation: hamsterHead var(--dur) ease-in-out infinite;
background: hsl(30,90%,55%);
border-radius: 70% 30% 0 100% / 40% 25% 25% 60%;
box-shadow:
0 -0.25em 0 hsl(30,90%,80%) inset,
0.75em -1.55em 0 hsl(30,90%,90%) inset;
top: 0;
left: -2em;
width: 2.75em;
height: 2.5em;
transform-origin: 100% 50%;
}
.hamster__ear {
animation: hamsterEar var(--dur) ease-in-out infinite;
background: hsl(0,90%,85%);
border-radius: 50%;
box-shadow: -0.25em 0 hsl(30,90%,55%) inset;
top: -0.25em;
right: -0.25em;
width: 0.75em;
height: 0.75em;
transform-origin: 50% 75%;
}
.hamster__eye {
animation: hamsterEye var(--dur) linear infinite;
background-color: hsl(0,0%,0%);
border-radius: 50%;
top: 0.375em;
left: 1.25em;
width: 0.5em;
height: 0.5em;
}
.hamster__nose {
background: hsl(0,90%,75%);
border-radius: 35% 65% 85% 15% / 70% 50% 50% 30%;
top: 0.75em;
left: 0;
width: 0.2em;
height: 0.25em;
}
.hamster__body {
animation: hamsterBody var(--dur) ease-in-out infinite;
background: hsl(30,90%,90%);
border-radius: 50% 30% 50% 30% / 15% 60% 40% 40%;
box-shadow:
0.1em 0.75em 0 hsl(30,90%,55%) inset,
0.15em -0.5em 0 hsl(30,90%,80%) inset;
top: 0.25em;
left: 2em;
width: 4.5em;
height: 3em;
transform-origin: 17% 50%;
transform-style: preserve-3d;
}
.hamster__limb--fr,
.hamster__limb--fl {
clip-path: polygon(0 0,100% 0,70% 80%,60% 100%,0% 100%,40% 80%);
top: 2em;
left: 0.5em;
width: 1em;
height: 1.5em;
transform-origin: 50% 0;
}
.hamster__limb--fr {
animation: hamsterFRLimb var(--dur) linear infinite;
background: linear-gradient(hsl(30,90%,80%) 80%,hsl(0,90%,75%) 80%);
transform: rotate(15deg) translateZ(-1px);
}
.hamster__limb--fl {
animation: hamsterFLLimb var(--dur) linear infinite;
background: linear-gradient(hsl(30,90%,90%) 80%,hsl(0,90%,85%) 80%);
transform: rotate(15deg);
}
.hamster__limb--br,
.hamster__limb--bl {
border-radius: 0.75em 0.75em 0 0;
clip-path: polygon(0 0,100% 0,100% 30%,70% 90%,70% 100%,30% 100%,40% 90%,0% 30%);
top: 1em;
left: 2.8em;
width: 1.5em;
height: 2.5em;
transform-origin: 50% 30%;
}
.hamster__limb--br {
animation: hamsterBRLimb var(--dur) linear infinite;
background: linear-gradient(hsl(30,90%,80%) 90%,hsl(0,90%,75%) 90%);
transform: rotate(-25deg) translateZ(-1px);
}
.hamster__limb--bl {
animation: hamsterBLLimb var(--dur) linear infinite;
background: linear-gradient(hsl(30,90%,90%) 90%,hsl(0,90%,85%) 90%);
transform: rotate(-25deg);
}
.hamster__tail {
animation: hamsterTail var(--dur) linear infinite;
background: hsl(0,90%,85%);
border-radius: 0.25em 50% 50% 0.25em;
box-shadow: 0 -0.2em 0 hsl(0,90%,75%) inset;
top: 1.5em;
right: -0.5em;
width: 1em;
height: 0.5em;
transform: rotate(30deg) translateZ(-1px);
transform-origin: 0.25em 0.25em;
}
.spoke {
animation: spoke var(--dur) linear infinite;
background:
radial-gradient(100% 100% at center,hsl(0, 37%, 26%) 4.8%,hsla(0, 31%, 20%, 0) 5%),
linear-gradient(hsla(0, 37%, 31%, 0) 46.9%,hsl(0, 40%, 32%) 47% 52.9%,hsla(0,0%,65%,0) 53%) 50% 50% / 99% 99% no-repeat;
}
/* Animations */
@keyframes hamster {
from, to { transform: rotate(4deg) translate(-0.8em,1.85em); }
50% { transform: rotate(0) translate(-0.8em,1.85em); }
}
@keyframes hamsterHead {
from, 25%, 50%, 75%, to { transform: rotate(0); }
12.5%, 37.5%, 62.5%, 87.5% { transform: rotate(8deg); }
}
@keyframes hamsterEye {
from, 90%, to { transform: scaleY(1); }
95% { transform: scaleY(0); }
}
@keyframes hamsterEar {
from, 25%, 50%, 75%, to { transform: rotate(0); }
12.5%, 37.5%, 62.5%, 87.5% { transform: rotate(12deg); }
}
@keyframes hamsterBody {
from, 25%, 50%, 75%, to { transform: rotate(0); }
12.5%, 37.5%, 62.5%, 87.5% { transform: rotate(-2deg); }
}
@keyframes hamsterFRLimb {
from, 25%, 50%, 75%, to { transform: rotate(50deg) translateZ(-1px); }
12.5%, 37.5%, 62.5%, 87.5% { transform: rotate(-30deg) translateZ(-1px); }
}
@keyframes hamsterFLLimb {
from, 25%, 50%, 75%, to { transform: rotate(-30deg); }
12.5%, 37.5%, 62.5%, 87.5% { transform: rotate(50deg); }
}
@keyframes hamsterBRLimb {
from, 25%, 50%, 75%, to { transform: rotate(-60deg) translateZ(-1px); }
12.5%, 37.5%, 62.5%, 87.5% { transform: rotate(20deg) translateZ(-1px); }
}
@keyframes hamsterBLLimb {
from, 25%, 50%, 75%, to { transform: rotate(20deg); }
12.5%, 37.5%, 62.5%, 87.5% { transform: rotate(-60deg); }
}
@keyframes hamsterTail {
from, 25%, 50%, 75%, to { transform: rotate(30deg) translateZ(-1px); }
12.5%, 37.5%, 62.5%, 87.5% { transform: rotate(10deg) translateZ(-1px); }
}
@keyframes spoke {
from { transform: rotate(0); }
to { transform: rotate(-1turn); }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="wheel-and-hamster" role="img">
<div class="wheel"></div>
<div class="hamster">
<div class="hamster__body">
<div class="hamster__head">
<div class="hamster__ear"></div>
<div class="hamster__eye"></div>
<div class="hamster__nose"></div>
</div>
<div class="hamster__limb hamster__limb--fr"></div>
<div class="hamster__limb hamster__limb--fl"></div>
<div class="hamster__limb hamster__limb--br"></div>
<div class="hamster__limb hamster__limb--bl"></div>
<div class="hamster__tail"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="spoke"></div>
</div>
</body></html></pre></div>
<h2>8. 最后</h2>
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