首页 › 数据库综合论坛 › centos编译安装mariadb的详细过程

啬戓鞥瓯 發表於 2022-8-29 16:35:34

centos编译安装mariadb的详细过程

<div id="navCategory"><h5 class="catalogue">目录</h5><ul class="first_class_ul"><li><a href="#_label0">centos编译安装mariadb</a></li><li><a href="#_label1">1：安装cmake环境</a></li><ul class="second_class_ul"><li><a href="#_lab2_1_0">（1）：进入/usr/local/download/目录</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_1_1">（2）：解压源码包</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_1_2">（3）：解压CMake源码包</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_1_3">（4）：进入cmark的源码目录</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_1_4">（5）：运行当前目录下的一个文件</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_1_5">（6）：编译并安装（时间稍长）</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_1_6">（7）：查看版本号</a></li></ul><li><a href="#_label2">2：安装mariadb</a></li><ul class="second_class_ul"><li><a href="#_lab2_2_7">（1）：下载</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_2_8">（2）：创建用户及用户组</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_2_9">（3）：解压、预编译、编译安装</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_2_10">（4）：配置启动文件及权限等</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_2_11">（5）：数据初始化</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_2_12">（7）：确保/usr/local/mariadb目录下的所有文件权限都是mysql</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_2_13">（8）：启动mysql</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_2_14">（9）：简化mariadb操作命令</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_2_15">（10）：链接mariadb</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_2_16">（11）：重启服务器，运行mariadb报错：</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_2_17">（12）：设置开机启动</a></li></ul></ul></div><p class="maodian"><a name="_label0"></a></p><h2>centos编译安装mariadb</h2>
<p>一般我不太愿意用mysql，那个玩意，有的时候不太友好。</p>
<p>我还是比较喜欢mariadb。</p>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_label1"></a></p><h2>1：安装cmake环境</h2>
<p>安装MariaDB之前，首先要安装cmake，另外为了保证不缺依赖，使用yum或者rpm安装依赖：readline-devel，zlib-devel，openssl-devel，libaio-devel并且readline-devel依赖于ncurses-devel，如果使用yum的话会自动将所需依赖安装好，具体命令如下：</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">yum -y install readline-devel
yum -y install zlib-devel
yum -y install openssl-devel
yum -y install libaio-devel
yum -y install ncurses-devel</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_1_0"></a></p><h3>（1）：进入/usr/local/download/目录</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">cd /usr/local/download</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_1_1"></a></p><h3>（2）：解压源码包</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">wget
https:
//cmake.org/files/v3.12/cmake-3.12.0-rc1.tar.gz</pre></div>
<p><a href="https://cmake.org/files/v3.12/cmake-3.12.0-rc1.tar.gz" rel="external nofollow"target="_blank">(cmake.org/files/v3.12&hellip;)</a></p>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_1_2"></a></p><h3>（3）：解压CMake源码包</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">tar -zxvf cmake
-3.12.0
-rc1.tar.gz</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_1_3"></a></p><h3>（4）：进入cmark的源码目录</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">cd cmake
-3.12.0
-rc1</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_1_4"></a></p><h3>（5）：运行当前目录下的一个文件</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">./bootstrap</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_1_5"></a></p><h3>（6）：编译并安装（时间稍长）</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">gmake&amp;&amp;gmake install</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_1_6"></a></p><h3>（7）：查看版本号</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">cmake --version</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_label2"></a></p><h2>2：安装mariadb</h2>
<p>这个安装和php及nginx的安装类似，只是mariadb的编译是使用cmake</p>
<p>这里提前预定mysql的安装目录为/usr/local/mariadb并且数据表文件目录为/usr/local/mariadb /mysqldata，</p>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_2_7"></a></p><h3>（1）：下载</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">cd /usr/local/download
wget https://downloads.mariadb.org/f/mariadb-10.5.6/source/mariadb-10.5.6.tar.gz</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_2_8"></a></p><h3>（2）：创建用户及用户组</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">groupadd mysql
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -r -g mysql mysql</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_2_9"></a></p><h3>（3）：解压、预编译、编译安装</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;"># 解压
tar -zxvf mariadb-10.5.6.tar.gz
# 进入目录
cd mariadb-10.5.6
# 预编译，将与
cmake -j . \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mariadb \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mariadb/mysqldata/ \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mariadb \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DWITHOUT_TOKUDB=1 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mariadb/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci

# 编译安装
make&amp;&amp;make install</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_2_10"></a></p><h3>（4）：配置启动文件及权限等</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;"># 进入安装目录
cd /usr/local/mariadb/
# 创建启动文件
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# 添加执行权限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
# 创建存放数据表目录
mkdir -p mkdir /usr/local/mariadb/mysqldata/
# 创建存放mysql.sock目录
mkdir -p mkdir /usr/local/mariadb/tmp/
# 修改mariadb目录权限
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mariadb/
# 创建mariadb配置文件
vim /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf

basedir=/usr/local/mariadb/
datadir=/usr/local/mariadb/mysqldata/
port=3306
pid-file=/usr/local/mariadb/mysqldata/mysql.pid
socket=/usr/local/mariadb/tmp/mysql.sock


log-error=/usr/local/mariadb/mysqldata/mysql.log


port=3306
socket=/usr/local/mariadb/tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8

# 删除默认mariadb配置文件（默认加载默认的my.cnf文件，不删除，启动会报错）
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_2_11"></a></p><h3>（5）：数据初始化</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">/usr/local/mariadb/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/usr/local/mariadb/mysqldata</pre></div>
<p>初始化成功：</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;"># /usr/local/mariadb/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/usr/local/mariadb/mysqldata
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/usr/local/mariadb/mysqldata' ...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system


Two all-privilege accounts were created.
One is root@localhost, it has no password, but you need to
be system 'root' user to connect. Use, for example, sudo mysql
The second is root@localhost, it has no password either, but
you need to be the system 'root' user to connect.
After connecting you can set the password, if you would need to be
able to connect as any of these users with a password and without sudo

See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at https://mariadb.com/kb or the
MySQL manual for more instructions.

You can start the MariaDB daemon with:
cd '.' ; ./bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/usr/local/mariadb/mysqldata'

You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd './mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems at https://mariadb.org/jira

The latest information about MariaDB is available at https://mariadb.org/.
You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
https://dev.mysql.com
Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
https://mariadb.org/get-involved/</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_2_12"></a></p><h3>（7）：确保/usr/local/mariadb目录下的所有文件权限都是mysql</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mariadb/</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_2_13"></a></p><h3>（8）：启动mysql</h3>
<p>至此，mariadb安装成功，现在，我们来启动数据库：</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">/etc/init.d/mysqld start</pre></div>
<p>启动成功：</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;"># /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MariaDB.201015 17:26:58 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mariadb/mysqldata/mysql.log'.
201015 17:26:58 mysqld_safe Starting mariadbd daemon with databases from /usr/local/mariadb/mysqldata
                                                         </pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_2_14"></a></p><h3>（9）：简化mariadb操作命令</h3>
<p>默认操作mariadb命令：</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">/usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql</pre></div>
<p>比较长，用着不太方便，简化方式其实和php是一样的：</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">vim /root/.bash_profile</pre></div>
<p>添加内容：</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">alias mysql=/usr/local/mariadb/bin/mariadb</pre></div>
<p>修改完成，重载一下文件：</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">source /root/.bash_profile</pre></div>
<p>或者创建软连接</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">ln -s /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mariadb /usr/bin/mariadb</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_2_15"></a></p><h3>（10）：链接mariadb</h3>
<p>Mariadb默认没有密码，所以直接使用</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">mysql -uroot -p
如下所示：
# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 6
Server version: 10.5.6-MariaDB Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]&gt;</pre></div>
<p>数据库的其他配置，请移步<a href="https://www.jb51.net/article/152383.htm" target="_blank">《Centos7.6配置lnmp》</a></p>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_2_16"></a></p><h3>（11）：重启服务器，运行mariadb报错：</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/usr/local/mariadb/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)</pre></div>
<p>原因是找不到本地套接字文件mysql.sock</p>
<p>默认位置是在/tmp/mysql.sock，但是我这里在my.cnf中配置了其位置：</p>
<p>在/usr/local/mariadb/tmp/mysql.sock</p>
<p><strong>查看当前目录下是否有该文件，没有的话，重新启动mariadb，会自动生成mysql.sock文件，不要自己手动创建。</strong></p>
<p><strong>使用如下命令：（该命令，是我在安装时已配置好）</strong></p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld restart</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_2_17"></a></p><h3>（12）：设置开机启动</h3>
<p>确保rc.local&nbsp;文件有执行权限，否则，开机启动不生效</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local</pre></div>
<p>添加如下内容：</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld restart</pre></div>
<p>至此，centos编译安装mariadb完成。</p>
<p>我这里都是指定位置安装，配置文件都在安装目录下，因此删除的时候相对比较方便。</p>
<p>升级的情况，之后要升级的时候会在写。</p>
<p>卸载软件的话，直接删除目录就好。</p>

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