详解Rocky Linux 9.2 PXE 服务器
<div id="navCategory"><h5 class="catalogue">目录</h5><ul class="first_class_ul"><li><a href="#_label0">1 主要内容</a></li><li><a href="#_label1">2 基础配置</a></li><ul class="second_class_ul"><li><a href="#_lab2_1_0">2.1 关闭防火墙和 SELinux</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_1_1">2.2 配置网络</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_1_2">2.3 安装所需软件</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_1_3">2.4 准备安装文件</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_1_4">2.5 准备应答文件</a></li></ul><li><a href="#_label2">3 FTP 配置</a></li><ul class="second_class_ul"><li><a href="#_lab2_2_5">3.1 允许匿名访问</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_2_6">3.2 重启服务并配置开机自启</a></li></ul><li><a href="#_label3">4 DHCP 配置</a></li><ul class="second_class_ul"></ul><li><a href="#_label4">5 TFTP 配置</a></li><ul class="second_class_ul"><li><a href="#_lab2_4_7">5.1 准备启动文件</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_4_8">5.2 配置引导项</a></li><li><a href="#_lab2_4_9">5.3 重启服务并配置开机自启</a></li></ul></ul></div><p class="maodian"><a name="_label0"></a></p><h2>1 主要内容</h2><p>借助 PXE，实现操作系统的无人值守安装。通过预先定义好的配置文件，可以自动化整个安装过程。</p>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_label1"></a></p><h2>2 基础配置</h2>
<p>事前的准备。</p>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_1_0"></a></p><h3>2.1 关闭防火墙和 SELinux</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:plain;">systemctl disable --now firewalld
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*$/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_1_1"></a></p><h3>2.2 配置网络</h3>
<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="配置网络" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/202411/2024110415371753.png" /></p>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_1_2"></a></p><h3>2.3 安装所需软件</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">yum clean all && yum makecache
yum install vsftpd tftp-server dhcp-server syslinux -y</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_1_3"></a></p><h3>2.4 准备安装文件</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">mkdir /var/ftp/pub/{rocky,iso}
mount /dev/cdrom /var/ftp/pub/iso
cp -r /var/ftp/pub/iso /var/ftp/pub/rocky</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_1_4"></a></p><h3>2.5 准备应答文件</h3>
<p><code>/var/ftp/pub/rocky/start.cfg</code></p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">lang zh_CN
keyboard --xlayouts='us'
timezone Asia/Shanghai --utc
rootpw $2b$10$l/D1kEbmrNhd0Chzv2RUROHtIo8TgfMZl.qUD2NUbAG5dlq/JCGeS --iscrypted
reboot
url --url=ftp://192.168.73.1/pub/rocky
bootloader --append="rhgb quiet crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M"
zerombr
clearpart --all --initlabel
autopart
network --bootproto=dhcp
firstboot --disable
selinux --disabled
%packages
@^graphical-server-environment
@development
%end</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_label2"></a></p><h2>3 FTP 配置</h2>
<p>提供安装操作系统所需的文件。</p>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_2_5"></a></p><h3>3.1 允许匿名访问</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">sed -i 's/^anonymous_enable=.*$/anonymous_enable=YES/' /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_2_6"></a></p><h3>3.2 重启服务并配置开机自启</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">systemctl restart vsftpd
systemctl enable vsftpd</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_label3"></a></p><h2>4 DHCP 配置</h2>
<p>分配 IP 地址。</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-server/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</pre></div>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">subnet 192.168.73.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.73.100 192.168.73.200;
option routers 192.168.73.254;
option broadcast-address 192.168.73.255;
next-server 192.168.73.1;
filename "pxelinux.0";
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
}</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_label4"></a></p><h2>5 TFTP 配置</h2>
<p>能够让计算机在启动时通过网络加载必要的启动文件。</p>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_4_7"></a></p><h3>5.1 准备启动文件</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/
cp -r /var/ftp/pub/iso/isolinux/* /var/lib/tftpboot/
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
cp /var/lib/tftpboot/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_4_8"></a></p><h3>5.2 配置引导项</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">default linux
timeout 0
... 省略 ...
label linux
menu label ^Install Rocky Linux 9.4
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=ftp://192.168.73.1/pub/rocky inst.ks=ftp://192.168.73.1/pub/rocky/start.cfg quiet
menu end</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"><a name="_lab2_4_9"></a></p><h3>5.3 重启服务并配置开机自启</h3>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">systemctl restart tftp
systemctl enable tftp</pre></div>
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