域名投资之认识域名的一些基础知识
<p><strong><span style="font-size:medium">一、什么是域名<span style="font-family:Arial">?</span><!--EndFragment--></span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> 域名是为了解决<span style="font-family:Arial">ip</span><span style="font-family:宋体">地址难记而产生的具有唯一性的网络名称。但是，由于</span><span style="font-family:Arial">Internet</span><span style="font-family:宋体">已经成为了全世界人的</span><span style="font-family:Arial">Internet</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，域名也自然地成为了一个社会科学名词。</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> </span><strong>二、什么是域名的层次？</strong></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt">域名分为顶层<span style="font-family:宋体">(TOP-LEVEL)第二层(SECOND-LEVEL</span><span style="font-family:宋体">)、子域(SUB-DOMAIN)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">等，这里通俗的说，顶层是一级域名，第二层是二级域名，子域是三级域名，以此类推。</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> 顶层分为几种类型，分别是：</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">.COM</span><span style="font-family:宋体">商业性的机构或公司</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">.ORG</span><span style="font-family:宋体">非盈利的组织、团体</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">.GOV</span><span style="font-family:宋体">政府部门</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">.MIL</span><span style="font-family:宋体">军事部门</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">.NET</span><span style="font-family:宋体">从事Internet</span><span style="font-family:宋体">相关的网络服务的机构或公司</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">.XX</span><span style="font-family:宋体">由两个字母组成的国家代码，如中国为</span><span style="font-family:Arial">.CN</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，日本为</span><span style="font-family:Arial">.JP</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，英国为</span><span style="font-family:Arial">.UK</span><span style="font-family:宋体">等等一般来说大型的或有国际业务的公司或机构不使用国家代码。这种不带国家代码的域名也叫国际域名。这种情况下，域名的第二层就是代表一个机构或公司的特征部分，如SOHU.COM</span><span style="font-family:宋体">中的SOHU</span><span style="font-family:宋体">。对于具有国家代码的域名，代表一个机构或公司的特征部分则是第三层，如SINA.COM.CN</span><span style="font-family:宋体">中的SINA</span><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">.biz</span><span style="font-family:宋体">取意为business</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">.info</span><span style="font-family:宋体">一般的信息服务使用</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">.tv</span><span style="font-family:宋体">作为国际顶级域名，原本是一个太平洋岛国图瓦卢的国家代码顶级域名。通过与图瓦卢签定的协议，</span><span style="font-family:Arial">DOTTV</span><span style="font-family:宋体">公司成为了以</span><span style="font-family:Arial">.TV</span><span style="font-family:宋体">为后缀域名的。</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt">.CC<span style="font-family:宋体">是位于澳大利亚西北部印度洋中</span><span style="font-family:Arial">cocos</span><span style="font-family:宋体">和</span><span style="font-family:Arial">keeling</span><span style="font-family:宋体">岛的官方授权的域名。在美国，</span><span style="font-family:Arial">.CC</span><span style="font-family:宋体">现已成为继</span><span style="font-family:Arial">.com</span><span style="font-family:宋体">和</span><span style="font-family:Arial">.net</span><span style="font-family:宋体">之后第三大顶级域名，选择使用</span><span style="font-family:Arial">.CC</span><span style="font-family:宋体">域名已经成为一种潮流。这大概就是</span><span style="font-family:Arial">CC</span><span style="font-family:宋体">最近很火的原因吧。</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt">.SH<span style="font-family:宋体">是</span><span style="font-family:Arial">St.Helena</span><span style="font-family:宋体">岛(圣海伦岛)国家代码顶级域名</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> 注释：目前还出现了很多个性后缀域名，以及<span style="font-family:Arial">.cm</span><span style="font-family:宋体">域名。此外中文域名最近也很火。</span></span></p>
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<p><strong> 三、注册商的选择</strong></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> 方便个人注册的有：易名、名富、亚州注册；</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> 转移方便的有：易名、万网、中频、、国域；</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> 过户方便的有：易名、国域、亚州注册。</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> 目前来看，易名的是比较好的。</span></p>
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<p><strong> 四、域名注册需要注意的问题</strong></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt">主要就是注册信息的填写，是以个人名义还是公司名义注册，<span style="font-family:Arial">com</span><span style="font-family:宋体">和</span><span style="font-family:Arial">net</span><span style="font-family:宋体">这些国际域名直接以个人名义注册就可以。</span><span style="font-family:Arial">cn</span><span style="font-family:宋体">域名按法律规定是需要以公司或是单位名义注册，但是目前很多都填写的个人信息。但是我建议在易名中国等这种可以修改信息的地方注册比较好。</span></span></p>
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<p><strong> 五、域名过户或者转出</strong></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <strong>域名过户</strong></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> CN<span style="font-family:宋体">域名过户需要提供：</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、买卖双方的营业执照副本(有年审记录)复印件；复印件上要加盖公章。</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、买卖双方的注册人身份证复印件；</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、下载域名过户申请表格：填写上面的信息打印并盖上注册单位公章，再寄给对方盖上公章，最后寄注册商。</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> 邮寄至注册商指定的地址和部门收，注意最好用快件，不想用快件时至少也要用挂号信。</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> COM</span><span style="font-family:"宋体"; font-size:10.5pt">等国际域名过户需要提供</span><span style="font-family:宋体">：</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、双方注册人身份证复印件；</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、下载域名过户申请表格：填写上面的信息打印并签上交易双方的名字。</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> 邮寄至注册商指定的地址和部门收，注意最好用快件，不想用快件时至少也要用挂号信。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt">具体事宜你可以咨询你域名所在的注册商。</span></p>
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<p><strong> 六、域名各种状态详细解释</strong></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、ACTIVE</span><span style="font-family:宋体">：活动状态。由</span><span style="font-family:Arial">Registry</span><span style="font-family:宋体">设置；该域名可以由</span><span style="font-family:Arial">Registrar</span><span style="font-family:宋体">更改；可以续费；至少被指派一个</span><span style="font-family:Arial">DNS</span><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、REGISTRY-LOCK</span><span style="font-family:宋体">：注册局锁定。由注册局设置；该域名不可以由注册商更改、删除；必须由注册局解除此状态才可以由注册商更改域名信息；域名可以续费；如果域名被指派至少一个</span><span style="font-family:Arial">DNS</span><span style="font-family:宋体">则可以包含在</span><span style="font-family:Arial">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">域名根服务器</span><span style="font-family:Arial">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的区域中</span><span style="font-family:Arial">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">可以正常使用</span><span style="font-family:Arial">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、REGISRY-HOLD</span><span style="font-family:宋体">：注册局保留。由注册局设置；该域名不可以由注册商更改、删除；必须由注册局解除此状态才可以由注册商更改域名信息；域名可以续费；该域名不包括在</span><span style="font-family:Arial">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">域名根服务器</span><span style="font-family:Arial">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的区域中</span><span style="font-family:Arial">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">不能正常使用</span><span style="font-family:Arial">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、REGISTRAR-LOCK</span><span style="font-family:宋体">：注册商锁定。由该域名的原始注册商设置；该域名不可以被更改或删除；必须由注册商解除此状态才可以更改域名信息；该域名可以续费。该域名包含在</span><span style="font-family:Arial">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">域名根服务器</span><span style="font-family:Arial">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的区域中</span><span style="font-family:Arial">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">可以正常使用</span><span style="font-family:Arial">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">5</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、REGISTRAR-HOLD</span><span style="font-family:宋体">：注册商保留。由该域名的原始注册商设置；该域名不可以被更改或删除；必须由注册商解除此状态才可以更改域名信息；该域名可以续费。该域名不包括在</span><span style="font-family:Arial">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">域名根服务器</span><span style="font-family:Arial">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的区域中</span><span style="font-family:Arial">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">不能正常使用</span><span style="font-family:Arial">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">6</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、REDEMPTIONPERIOD</span><span style="font-family:宋体">：宽限期。当注册商向注册局提出删除域名请求后，由注册局将域名设置称此状态，不过，条件是该域名已经注册了</span><span style="font-family:Arial">5</span><span style="font-family:宋体">天以上（如果该域名注册时间不足</span><span style="font-family:Arial">5</span><span style="font-family:宋体">天，则立即删除）；该域名不包括在</span><span style="font-family:Arial">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">域名根服务器</span><span style="font-family:Arial">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的区域中</span><span style="font-family:Arial">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">不能正常使用</span><span style="font-family:Arial">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">；该域名不可以被更改或清除，只可以被恢复；任何其他注册商提出对此域名的更改或其他请求都将被拒绝；该状态最多保持</span><span style="font-family:Arial">30</span><span style="font-family:宋体">天。</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">7</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、PENDINGRESTORE</span><span style="font-family:宋体">：恢复未决。当注册商提出将处于</span><span style="font-family:Arial">REDEMPTIONPERIOD</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的域名恢复请求后，由注册局设置；该域名包含在</span><span style="font-family:Arial">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">域名根服务器</span><span style="font-family:Arial">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的区域中</span><span style="font-family:Arial">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">可以正常使用</span><span style="font-family:Arial">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">；注册商提出的更改或任何其他请求都将被拒绝；在</span><span style="font-family:Arial">7</span><span style="font-family:宋体">天之内，有注册商向注册局提供必需的恢复文件，如果注册商在</span><span style="font-family:Arial">7</span><span style="font-family:宋体">天之内提供了这些文件，该域名将被置为</span><span style="font-family:Arial">ACTIVE</span><span style="font-family:宋体">状态，否则，该域名将重新返回到</span><span style="font-family:Arial">REDEMPTIONPERIOD</span><span style="font-family:宋体">状态。</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Arial"; font-size:10.5pt"> <span style="font-family:Arial">8</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、PENDINGDELETE</span><span style="font-family:宋体">：删除未决。如果一个域名在被设置成</span><span style="font-family:Arial">REDEMPTIONPERIOD</span><span style="font-family:宋体">状态期间内，注册商没有提出恢复请求，那么，域名将被置于</span><span style="font-family:Arial">PENDINGDELETE</span><span style="font-family:宋体">状态，注册商对此域名的任何请求都将被拒绝；</span><span style="font-family:Arial">5</span><span style="font-family:宋体">天之后清除。</span></span></p>
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