Linux系统下Xen虚拟机的安装和配置详细教程
<p>注 1 :本次实验环境 真机 CentOS 5.8 32位， 虚拟机 CentOS 5.2 32位， 真机IP: 192.168.100.117</p><p>注 2 :实验前一定要先记下真机的 MAC 地址，以免以后不能上网用，我这里的 MAC 是 00:1D:7D:CD:D7:74</p>
<p><strong>第一步 查看硬件支持</strong></p>
<p>1. 半虚拟化硬件要求</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode211"># cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags</p>
<p>flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm</p>
<p>pbe nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl est tm2 cid cx16 xtpr lahf_lm</div></p>
<p>如果出现 pae 字符，表示支持半虚拟化； 我们这次就是使用半虚拟化实验。</p>
<p>2. 全虚拟化硬件要求</p>
<p>由于我没有支持的硬件，大概说下，查询命令和上面的一样</p>
<p>Inter 的 CPU 要出现 pae vmx ； AMD 的 CPU 要出现 pae svm</p>
<p><br /> </p>
<p><strong>第二步 安装 Xen 核心软件</strong></p>
<p>注意要先关闭selinux和禁止netmanager</p>
<p>在<br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode212">/etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg-eth0</div>中加入</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode213">NM_CONTROLLED=no</div></p>
<p><br />1. 基本安装和检测</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode214"># yum install xen* kernel-xen*</p>
<p><br /># vi /boot/grub/menu.lst</p>
<p><br /><strong>default=0</strong><br />&nbsp;timeout=5<br />&nbsp;splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz<br />&nbsp;hiddenmenu<br />&nbsp;<strong>title CentOS (2.6.18-308.4.1.el5xen)</strong><br />&nbsp; root (hd0,0)<br />&nbsp; kernel /xen.gz-2.6.18-308.4.1.el5<br />&nbsp; module /vmlinuz-2.6.18-308.4.1.el5xen ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet<br />&nbsp; module /initrd-2.6.18-308.4.1.el5xen.img<br />&nbsp; title CentOS (2.6.18-308.4.1.el5)<br />&nbsp; root (hd0,0)<br />&nbsp; kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-308.4.1.el5 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet<br />&nbsp; initrd /initrd-2.6.18-308.4.1.el5.img<br />&nbsp;</div><br /></p>
<p>看到上面的 el5xen 内核版本的系统了吗？将 default 改为 0 就是以它启动。</p>
<p>然后，重启服务器</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode215"># shutdown -r now</div></p>
<p><br />启动好后，再次确认是否是以 Xen 内核启动的</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode216"># uname -r</p>
<p>2.6.18-308.4.1.el5xen</div></p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode217"><br /># <span>chkconfig --list | grep xen</span><br />&nbsp;xend 0:关闭1:关闭2:启用<strong>3:启用</strong>4:启用<strong>5:启用</strong>6:关闭<br />&nbsp;xendomains 0:关闭1:关闭2:关闭<strong>3:启用</strong>4:启用<strong>5:启用</strong>6:关闭<br />&nbsp;# <span>pstree -p | grep xen</span><br />&nbsp; | |-xenbus(14)<br />&nbsp; | `-xenwatch(13)<br /> &nbsp;|-xenconsoled(2860)---{xenconsoled}(2861)<br /> &nbsp;|-xend(2856)---xend(2858)-+-{xend}(28 62)<br />&nbsp; | |-{xend}(2866)<br />&nbsp; | |-{xend}(2867)<br /> &nbsp;| |-{xend}(3086)<br />&nbsp; | `-{xend}(3087)<br />&nbsp; |-xenstored(2852)<br /># <span>xm list</span><br />&nbsp;Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s)<br />&nbsp;<span>Domain-0</span> 0 1763 2 r----- 37.1<br />&nbsp;</div><br />如果上面几步有颜色和加粗部分和我差不多的话，说明启动成功了！</p>
<p> </p>
<p>2. Xen 的软件结构</p>
<p>/usr/sbin/xend xend的启动脚本，我最爱的 python 写的</p>
<p><br />/usr/sbin/xm 管理 xen 的命令，输入 xm help 查询用法</p>
<p><br />/etc/xen/xend-config.sxp 这个是 xend 配置文件，一般不用动</p>
<p><br />/etc/xen/ 里面包含数个 domain-U 的配置范本， xmexample.hvm 可作为完整虚拟的范本</p>
<p><br />/etc/xen/auto 系统开机就自动启动某个 domain-U ，下面的举例用法:</p>
<p><br /># cd /etc/xen/auto/</p>
<p><br /># ln -s ../xmexample.hvm .</p>
<p><br />这样系统启动的时候就启动 xmexample 了，但是不要这么直接用（鸟哥说的）</p>
<p>/etc/xen/scripts 包括虚拟设备的启动、网络的启动等</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>第三步 安装虚拟系统</strong></p>
<p>1. 先创建一个目录用来放虚拟系统（目录自己定）</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode218"># cd /var</p>
<p># mkdir vps</div></p>
<p><br />我们这里使用 /var/vps 这个目录</p>
<p> </p>
<p>2. 然后制作一个空映像文件来放系统</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode219"># dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/vps/vps1.img bs=1M count=8000</div></p>
<p><br />count 就是大小； 小二，给我来 8G 空间</p>
<p> </p>
<p>3. 安装 vsftp 并把光驱中的 系统 挂载到 ftp 目录下</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode220"># yum install vsftpd</p>
<p><br /># service vsftpd start</div></p>
<p><br />这样一个匿名 FTP 就可以用了，下载挂载光驱</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode221"># mount /dev/cdrom /var/ftp/pub/</div></p>
<p><br />测试下是不是挂载成功了，从浏览器中访问</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode222">ftp://192.168.100.117/pub/</p>
<p>e2fsck’s blog http://www.e2fsck.org</div></p>
<p>能看到光盘内容说明成功了。</p>
<p> </p>
<p>4. 进入 /var/vps 目录建立虚拟机</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode223"># cd /var/vps/</p>
<p><br /># virt-install –prompt</p>
<p><br />What is the name of your virtual machine? vps1 #输入名字</p>
<p>How much RAM should be allocated (in megabytes)? 415 #内存大小</p>
<p>What would you like to use as the disk (file path)? /var/vps/vps1.img #存放位置，写上面 of 后的地址</p>
<p>What is the install URL? ftp://192.168.100.117/pub/ #安装文件在哪</div></p>
<p><br />接下来就是 TEXT 安装模式</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode224">Welcome to CentOS +---------+ Choose a Language +---------+ <br /> | | <br /> | What language would you like to use | <br /> | during the inst<br />allation process? | <br /> | | <br /> | Catalan ^ | <br /> | Chinese(Simplified) : | <br /> | Chinese(Traditional) # | <br /> | Croatian : | <br /> | Czech : | <br /> | Danish : | <br /> | Dutch : | <br /> | English v | <br /> | | <br /> | +----+ | <br /> | | OK | | <br /> | +----+ | <br /> | | <br /> | | <br /> +---------------------------------------+ <br /> <br />/ between elements|selects |next screen <br /> </div><br /></p>
<p>文本模式安装不难，如果有问题，网上搜搜</p>
<p>安装好后，重启，出现：</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode225">CentOS release 5.2 (Final)</p>
<p>Kernel 2.6.18-92.el5xen on an i686</p>
<p>localhost.localdomain login: root</p>
<p>Password: </p>
<p>#</div></p>
<p>输入帐号密码就进去了</p>
<p>退出的按键和 telnet 的一样: CTRL + ]</p>
<p><br /> </p>
<p>5. 管理 Xen 虚拟机</p>
<p>查看当前系统中的虚拟机普通信息</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode226"># <span id="comm">xm list</span><br />&nbsp;Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s)<br />&nbsp;Domain-0 0 1599 2 r----- 421.9<br />&nbsp;vps1 2 415 1 -b---- 24.9<br />&nbsp;</div><br /></p>
<p>顺便讲下上面 State 的 6 种状态:</p>
<p>r – 运行、b – 阻塞（不运行状态或者是 sleep 状态）、p – 暂停（可能执行了 xm pause）、s – 关闭、c – 崩溃、d – 垂死</p>
<p><br /> </p>
<p>查看虚拟机的负载</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode227"># xm top</div></p>
<p><br />关闭虚拟机</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode228"># xm shutdown vps1</div></p>
<p><br />进入虚拟机</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode229"># xm console vps1</div></p>
<p><br />启动虚拟机</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode230"># xm create vps1</div></p>
<p><br />把 vps1 加入到真机启动自启动</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode231"># ln -s /etc/xen/vps1 /etc/xen/auto/vps1</div></p>
<p><br />其它参数输入 xm help</p>
<p> </p>
<p>6. Xen虚拟机复制</p>
<p>先关闭虚拟机</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode232"># xm shutdown vps1</div></p>
<p><br />复制虚拟机的镜像文件和配置文件</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode233"># cp /var/vps/vps1.img /var/vps/vps2.img</p>
<p><br /># cp /etc/xen/vps1 /etc/xen/vps2</div></p>
<p><br />修改新复制虚拟机的配置文件</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode234"># vi /etc/xen/vps2</div></p>
<p><br />原内容为:</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode235">name = "vps1"</p>
<p>uuid = "1f251cca-5ea2-49fb-95e6-3b08359e6d33"</p>
<p>maxmem = 415</p>
<p>memory = 415</p>
<p>vcpus = 1</p>
<p>bootloader = "/usr/bin/pygrub"</p>
<p>on_poweroff = "destroy"</p>
<p>on_reboot = "restart"</p>
<p>on_crash = "restart"</p>
<p>disk = [ "tap:aio:/var/vps/vps1.img,xvda,w" ]</p>
<p>vif = [ "mac=00:16:3e:44:09:ca,bridge=xenbr0,script=vif-bridge" ]</div></p>
<p>修改后为:</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode236">name = "vps2"</p>
<p>uuid = "1f251cca-5ea2-49fb-95e6-3b08359e6d34"</p>
<p>maxmem = 415</p>
<p>memory = 415</p>
<p>vcpus = 1</p>
<p>bootloader = "/usr/bin/pygrub"</p>
<p>on_poweroff = "destroy"</p>
<p>on_reboot = "restart"</p>
<p>on_crash = "restart"</p>
<p>disk = [ "tap:aio:/var/vps/vps2.img,xvda,w" ]</p>
<p>vif = [ "mac=00:16:3e:44:09:cb,bridge=xenbr0,script=vif-bridge" ]</div></p>
<p><br />注: 就是要保证 name、uuid、mac 唯一，然后把 disk 路径改了</p>
<p><br />然后启动并进入新的虚拟机</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode237"># xm create -c vps2</div></p>
<p><br />修改主机名和IP</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode238"># vi /etc/hosts</p>
<p><br /># vi /etc/sysconfig/network</div></p>
<p><br />上面2个比较简单，我就不说了</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode239"># hostname vps2</p>
<p># vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0</p>
<p><br /># Xen Virtual Ethernet</p>
<p>DEVICE=eth0</p>
<p>BOOTPROTO=static</p>
<p>HWADDR=00:16:3E:44:09:CB #这里最好换成上面修改过的配置文件中的MAC地址</p>
<p>ONBOOT=yes</p>
<p>IPADDR=192.168.100.167</p>
<p>NETMASK=255.255.255.0</p>
<p>NETWORK=192.168.100.0</p>
<p>GATEWAY=192.168.100.1</div><br /></p>
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