Docker中MySQL容器的创建和连接教程
<p><strong>创建MySQL容器</strong></p><p> 本文是以Dockerfile方式创建一个mysql容器，也可以使用docker commit 以提交镜像的方式创建，但是对于别人来说不知道你容器里修改了哪些地方 所以推荐使用Dockerfile方式。<br />服务的管理使用的是supervisord, 因为dockerfile里只会有一个cmd生效,如果我想通过ssh去管理容器还要有mysql服务的启动起来 cmd的方式就无法实现，当然容器不需要以sshd的方式去管理，这些也都是看自己怎么去使用，比如说我想备份容器里的数据 我完全可以使用 –volumes-from <容器name> , 重启使用 docker restart <容器id>, 我个人也是使用ssh习惯了 所以依赖的镜像把ssh服务栽进去了。</p>
<p># docker 版本：<br /> <br /><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode19"># dockerversion</div><br />Client version: 1.6.0-rc5<br />Client API version: 1.18<br />Go version (client): go1.4.2<br />Git commit (client): fc4825d<br />OS/Arch (client): linux/amd64<br />Server version: 1.6.0-rc5<br />Server API version: 1.18<br />Go version (server): go1.4.2<br />Git commit (server): fc4825d<br />OS/Arch (server): linux/amd64</p>
<p># 目录结构<br /> <br /><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode20">mysql/<br />|-- cmake-3.2.2.tar.gz <br />|-- create_mysql_user.sh # mysql用户初始化脚本<br />|-- Dockerfile<br />|-- install_mysql-5.6.24.sh # mysql服务安装脚本<br />|-- my.cnf # mysql服务配置文件<br />|-- mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz<br />`-- supervisord.conf # 服务管理工具配置文件</div></p>
<p># Dockerfile<br /> <br /><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode21"># FROM: 依赖的镜像<br />FROM ted1993/mysql:5.6.24<br /> <br />＃MAINTAINER: 个人信息<br />MAINTAINER xuqiangqiang "739827282@qq.com"<br /> <br />＃ RUN: 执行命令<br />RUN yum -y install tar gcc-c++ supervisor ncurses-devel libtool bison bison-develpwgen<br /> <br />RUN mkdir -p /var/log/supervisor<br /> <br />＃ ADD: 添加本地文件到容器中，如果是压缩包会在目标目录进行自动解压，如果只想添加文件可以使用 COPY命令<br />ADD ./supervisord.conf /etc/supervisord.conf<br />ADD ./cmake-3.2.2.tar.gz /root/tools/<br />ADD ./mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz /root/tools/<br />ADD ./install_mysql-5.6.24.sh /root/tools/<br />ADD ./create_mysql_user.sh /create_mysql_user.sh<br /> <br /># WORKDIR: 当前的工作目录<br />WORKDIR /root/tools/<br /> <br />RUN sh install_mysql-5.6.24.sh<br /> <br />ADD ./my.cnf /data/server/mysql-5.6.24/etc/my.cnf<br /> <br />RUN rm -rf /root/tools/mysql-5.6.24<br />RUN rm -rf /root/tools/mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz<br />RUN rm -rf /root/tools/cmake-3.2.2<br />RUN rm -rf /root/tools/cmake-3.2.2.tar.gz<br /> <br /># EXPOSE: 公开的端口，会暴露在外的端口<br />EXPOSE 22 3306<br /> <br /># CMD: 容器启动执行的命令 一个dockerfile只有一个cmd生效。<br />CMD ["/usr/bin/supervisord"]</div></p>
<p>＃ supervisord.conf 服务管理工具通过supervisord管理服务<br /> <br /><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode22"><br />nodaemon=true<br /> <br /><br />command=/etc/init.d/mysqld start<br />numprocs=1<br />autostart=true<br />autorestart=true<br /> <br /><br />command=/usr/sbin/sshd -D<br />numprocs=1<br />autostart=true<br />autorestart=true</div></p>
<p># install_mysql-5.6.24.sh<br /> <br /><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode23">#!/bin/bash<br />grep "^mysql:" /etc/passwd &> /dev/null|| groupadd mysql && useradd -g mysql-s /sbin/nologinmysql<br /> <br /> <br />if [ ! -d cmake-3.2.2 ];then<br /> tar xzvf cmake-3.2.2.tar.gz<br />fi<br />cd cmake-3.2.2<br />./bootstrap && gmake && gmake install && cd ..<br /> <br /> <br />if [ ! -d mysql-5.6.24 ];then<br /> tar xzf mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz<br />fi<br />cd mysql-5.6.24<br />cmake \<br />-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/server/mysql-5.6.24 \<br />-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \<br />-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql-5.6.24/ \<br />-DSYSCONFDIR=/data/server/mysql-5.6.24/etc/ \<br />-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \<br />-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \<br />-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \<br />-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \<br />-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \<br />-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \<br />-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=complex \<br />-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \<br />-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \<br />-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_unicode_ci \<br />-DWITH_DEBUG=0<br />CPU_NUM=$(cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l)<br />if [ $CPU_NUM -gt 1 ];then<br /> make -j$CPU_NUM<br />else<br /> make<br />fi<br />make install<br /> <br />echo "PATH=\$PATH:/data/server/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile && . /etc/profile<br />ln -s /data/server/mysql-5.6.24//data/server/mysql<br />rm -rf /etc/my.cnf<br /> <br />mkdir -p/data/server/mysql-5.6.24/etc/<br />mkdir -p/data/server/mysql/data/<br />mkdir -p/data/log/mysql/<br /> <br />chown -R mysql:mysql /data/server/mysql/<br />chown -R mysql:mysql /data/server/mysql/data/<br />chown -R mysql:mysql /data/log/mysql<br />\cp -f /data/server/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld<br />sed -i 's#^basedir=$#basedir=/data/server/mysql#' /etc/init.d/mysqld<br />sed -i 's#^datadir=$#datadir=/data/server/mysql/data#' /etc/init.d/mysqld<br />chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld<br />/data/server/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/server/mysql/data/ --basedir=/data/server/mysql --user=mysql</div></p>
<p># create_mysql_user.sh</p>
<p> <br /><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode24">#!/bin/bash<br /> <br />/data/server/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe >> /dev/null 2>&1 &<br /> <br />RET=1<br />while [[ RET -ne 0 ]]; do<br /> echo "=> Waiting for confirmation of MySQL service startup"<br /> sleep 5<br /> /data/server/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -e "status" > /dev/null 2>&1<br /> RET=$?<br />done<br /> <br /> <br />echo "============================MYSQL_PASS_INFO=============================== "<br />echo ""<br />PASS_ROOT=${MYSQL_PASS:-$(pwgen -s 8 1)}<br />PASS_DBA=${MYSQL_PASS:-$(pwgen -s 8 1)}<br />echo ""<br />echo "=> Creating MySQL root user with ${PASS_ROOT} password"<br />echo "=> Creating MySQL dba user with ${PASS_DBA} password"<br />echo ""<br />/data/server/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -e "grant all privileges on *.* to 'dba'@'%' identified by '${PASS_DBA}'";<br />/data/server/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -e "update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD('${PASS_ROOT}') where user='root' and host='localhost'";<br />echo ""<br />echo "===================================END====================================="<br />echo ""<br />echo "=> Done!"<br /> <br />echo ""<br />echo ""<br />echo "==============================REMOTE_MYSQL_PASSWORD====================="<br />echo "You can now connect to this MySQL Server using:"<br />echo ""<br />echo " mysql -udba -p${PASS_DBA} -h<host> -P<port>"<br />echo ""<br />echo "Please remember to change the above password as soon as possible!"<br />echo "MySQL user 'root' has no password but only allows local connections"<br />echo "========================================================================"</div></p>
<p># 通过docker build命令提交镜像<br /> <br /><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode25">docker build -t ted1993/mysql:5.6.24 . # 注意最后面有一个"."</div></p>
<p># 使用docker images 命令查看镜像<br /> <br /><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode26"># dockerimages<br />REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE<br />ted1993/mysql 5.6.24 d3ed9c578f4c 5 days ago 902.8 MB </div></p>
<p># 使用docker run 命令启动容器 -P 使用随机端口映射容器端口 -p 3306:3306 使用指定端口<br /> <br /><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode27">docker run -d-Pted1993/mysql:5.6.24</div></p>
<p># 使用docker ps 命令查看运行容器id</p>
<p> <br /><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode28"># dockerps<br />CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES<br />ab622592bf1e mysql:5.6.24 "/usr/bin/supervisor 3 days ago Up 3 days 0.0.0.0:5000->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5001->3306/tcp jolly_swartz</div></p>
<p># 使用docker commit 提交新的镜像<br /> <br />docker commit ab622592bf1e ted1993/mysql:2015-06-02</p>
<p></p>
<p><br /><strong>Docker使用Link在容器之间建立连接 </strong></p>
<p><br />在使用Docker的时候我们会常常碰到这么一种应用，就是我需要两个或多个容器，其中某些容器需要使用另外一些容器提供的服务。比如这么一种情况：我们需要一个容器来提供mysql的数据库服务，而另外两个容器作为客户端来连接使用mysql数据库服务。下面我们就来看看Docker是怎样通过Link来实现这种功能的。</p>
<p>这里我们首先创建两个容器image，一个用来模拟mysql数据库，另外一个使用mysql的client来模拟一些使用mysql服务的应用，这种应用可以是任何php，python，java等的应用。</p>
<p>先创建一个mysql_server目录并在其下创建一个Dockerfile文件，内容如下</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode29"> FROM centos:centos6<br /> MAINTAINER Fanbin Kong "kongxx@hotmail.com"<br /> <br /> RUN yum install -y mysql-server mysql<br /> <br /> RUN /etc/init.d/mysqld start &&\<br /> mysql -e "grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'letmein';"&&\<br /> mysql -e "grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'letmein';"&&\<br /> mysql -u root -pletmein -e "show databases;"<br /> <br /> EXPOSE 3306<br /> <br /> CMD ["/usr/bin/mysqld_safe"]</div></p>
<p><br />然后根据Dockerfile来创建image</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode30"> sudo docker build -t kongxx/mysql_server .</div></p>
<p><br />创建一个mysql_client目录并在其下创建一个Dockerfile文件，内容如下</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode31"> FROM centos:centos6<br /> MAINTAINER Fanbin Kong "kongxx@hotmail.com"<br /> <br /> RUN yum install -y mysql</div></p>
<p><br />然后根据Dockerfile来创建image</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode32"> sudo docker build -t kongxx/mysql_client .</div></p>
<p><br />创建完image之后，我们可以使用下面命令来查看结果</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode33"> $ sudo docker images | grep kongxx<br /> kongxx/mysql_client latest aa31f22f6fc5 2 hours ago 303.7 MB<br /> kongxx/mysql_server latest 3b9b08c8dda4 2 hours ago 353.3 MB</div></p>
<p><br />第二步是根据image来创建我们的应用场景</p>
<p>首先创建提供mysql数据库服务的容器</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode34"> sudo docker run --name=mysql_server -d -P kongxx/mysql_server</div></p>
<p><br />分别创建两个使用上一步创建出来mysql数据库服务的容器</p>
<p>第一个应用容器</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode35"> sudo docker run --name=mysql_client1 --link=mysql_server:db -t -i kongxx/mysql_client /usr/bin/mysql -h db -u root -pletmein</div></p>
<p><br />第二个应用容器</p>
<p><br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode36"> sudo docker run --name=mysql_client2 --link=mysql_server:db -t -i kongxx/mysql_client /usr/bin/mysql -h db -u root -pletmein</div></p>
<p><br />这里需要特别注意一下“–link=mysql_server:db”，这个参数就是告诉Docker容器需要使用“mysql_server”容器，并将其别名命名为db，这样在这两个容器里就可以使用“db”来作为提供mysql数据库服务的机器名。所以在最后启动参数里我们使用的是“/usr/bin/mysql -h db -u root -pletmein”来连接mysql数据库的。</p>
<p>运行完上面两个命令，我们就会在创建了两个mysql的client的容器，此时我们可以使用下面命令来查看状态</p>
<p> <br><div class="msgheader"><div class="right"><span style="CURSOR: pointer" class="copybut"><u>复制代码</u></span></div>代码如下:</div><div class="msgborder" id="phpcode37"> sudo docker ps<br /> CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES<br /> ac0c76c627c0 kongxx/mysql_client:latest /usr/bin/mysql -h db 10 seconds ago Up 9 seconds mysql_client2<br /> 763c4825722d kongxx/mysql_client:latest /usr/bin/mysql -h db 41 minutes ago Up 40 minutes mysql_client<br /> 32f7839f7e9d kongxx/mysql_server:latest /usr/bin/mysqld_safe About an hour ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:49153->3306/tcp mysql_client1/db,mysql_client2/db,mysql_server</div></p>
<p><br />这里注意一下最后一行，也就是mysql_server容器的“NAMES”列的内容“mysql_client/db,mysql_client2/db,mysql_server”，这就说明mysql_client1和mysql_client2都和db建立的连接。<br /></p>
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