光盘安装OpenBSD3.6的方法
<p>1.1.<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a>从光盘启动,自检过程 - 略... <br />1.2.选择<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">安装</a>类型 <br />
|erase ^?, werase ^W, kill ^U, intr ^C, status ^T <br />
|(I)nstall, (U)pgrade or (S)hell? <font color="red">i <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
##################################################### <br />
其中(I)代表<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">安装</a>一个全新的<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a>,(U)代表升级原有的OpenBSD旧版本的<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a>,(S)代表退出并进入命令行状态。 <br />
我们要<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">安装</a>一个全新的OpenBSD系统,所以我们在这里输入I,并回车。(当然你也可以按下Ctrl+C退回到命令行状态,再次输入install回到<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">安装</a>程序,如果在<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">安装</a>程序时误<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">操作</a>,可以使用这种<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">方法</a>进入命令行状态然后再重新回到<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">安装</a>程序开始<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">安装</a>。) <br />
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1.3.选择终端类型 <br />
|Welcome to the OpenBSD/i386 3.6 install program. <br />
| <br />
|This program will help you install OpenBSD in a simple and rational way. At <br />
|any prompt except password prompts you can run a shell command by typing <br />
|'!foo',or escape to a shell by typing '!'. Default answers are shown in []'s <br />
|and are selected by pressing RETURN. At any time you can exit this program by <br />
|pressing Control-C and then RETURN, but quitting during an install can leave <br />
|your system in an inconsistent state. <br />
| <br />
|Terminal Type? <font color="red"><RETURN>; </font> <br />
1.4.选择键盘类型 <br />
|Do you wish to select a keyboard encoding table? yes <then RETURN>; <br />
|Select your keyboard type: (P)C-AT/XT, (U)SB, or 'done' <font color="red"><RETURN>; </font> <br />
|The available keyboard encoding tables are: <br />
| <br />
| be br de dk es fr it jp lt no pt ru sf sg sv ua uk us <br />
| <br />
|Table name? (or 'done') <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|keyboard mapping set to us <br />
########################################## <br />
对于我们大部分的中国用户而言,我们使用的都是标准的美式键盘,这也是OpenBSD默认的键盘布局,所以我们直接按回车继续。 <br />
############################################### <br />
1.5.磁盘划分 <br />
|IS YOUR DATA BACKED UP? As with anything that modifies disk contents,this <br />
|program can cause SIGNIFICANT data loss. <br />
| <br />
|It is often helpful to have the installation notes handy. For complex disk <br />
|configurations, relevant disk hardware manuals and a calculator are useful. <br />
| <br />
|Proceed with install? <font color="red">yes <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
########################### <br />
<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">安装</a>程序提示是否开始<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">安装</a>,我们直接输入y,并回车 <br />
####################################### <br />
|Cool! Let's get to it... <br />
| <br />
|You will now initialize the disk(s) that OpenBSD will use. To enable all <br />
|available securty features you should configure the disk(s) to allow the <br />
|creation of separate filesystems for /, /tmp, /var, /usr, and /home. <br />
| <br />
|Available disks are: wd0. <br />
|Which one is the root disk? (or 'done') <font color="red"><RETURN>; </font> <br />
################################ <br />
在OpenBSD系统中对于IDE接口的硬盘的命名方式是wd0,wd1,wd2……依次类推,而SCSI接口的硬盘则是sd0,sd1,sd2……依次类推。 <br />
############################################# <br />
|Do you want to use *all* of wd0 for OpenBSD? <font color="red">yes <then RETURN>; </font> <br />
##################################### <br />
<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a>询问是否将检测到的整个硬盘都给OpenBSD使用,默认是no,但是我们在这里是要将OpenBSD作为<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">服务</a>器来用,所以我们在这里输入yes,并回车。 <br />
######################################## <br />
|Putting all of wd0 into an active OpenBSD MBR partition (type 'A6') ... <br />
|wd0: no disk label <br />
|done. <br />
| <br />
|You will now create an OpenBSD disklabel inside the OpenBSD MBR <br />
|partition. The disklabel defines how OpenBSD splits up the MBR partition <br />
|into OpenBSD partitions in which filesystems and swap space are created. <br />
| <br />
|The offsets used in the disklabel are ABSOLUTE, i.e. relative to the <br />
|start of the disk, NOT the start of the OpenBSd MBR partition. <br />
| <br />
|# using MBR partition 3: type A6 off 63 (0x3f) size 8385687 (0x7ff54b) <br />
| <br />
|Treating sectors 63-8385930 as the OpenBSD portion of the disk. <br />
|You can use the 'b' command to change this. <br />
|Initial label editor (enter '?' for help at any prompt) <br />
################################### <br />
在>;提示符下输入?将显示帮助,命令p用来显示显示当前硬盘分区的划分情况,命令d用来删除现有的分区(注意:c分区被OpenBSD系统保留使用,不能被删除或者被变更),命令z用来清空OpenBSD的分区表,命令a用来创建新的OpenBSD分区。 <br />
在OpenBSD系统中,xx0a一定是"/"文件<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a>,xx0b一定是swap文件<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a>,xx0c一定表示整个硬盘,在这三个文件<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a>的基础上,你可以进行xx0d、xx0e...等文件<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a>的划分。 <br />
命令“d x”表示删除文件<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a>,其中,xx0c一定不可以被删除,即便你执行“d c”,也不会成功; <br />
命令“a x”表示增加文件<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a>,其中,xx0c一定不可以被覆盖,即便你执行“a c”,也不会成功; <br />
partition是分区编号,从a分区开始,c分区跳过。 <br />
offset是指每一个分区的偏移地址。 <br />
size是分区大小。可以直接输入分区的偏移地址也可以直接输入m为单位的数值,比如我们在size项输入200m,<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a>回应说这个值近似于的偏移地址为409185。 <br />
FS type是文件<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a>类型。 <br />
mount point是挂载点。 <br />
注意:b分区默认是留给swap分区的,并且swap分区无需mount point。 <br />
################################## <br />
|>; <font color="red">p <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|device: /dev/rwd0c <br />
|type: ESDI <br />
|disk: ESDI/IDE disk <br />
|label: VMware Virtual I <br />
|bytes/sector: 512 <br />
|sectors/track: 63 <br />
|tracks/cylinder: 16 <br />
|sectors/cylinder: 1008 <br />
|cylinders: 8332 <br />
|total sectors: 8388608 <br />
|free sectors: 8385867 <br />
|rpm: 3600 <br />
| <br />
|16 partitions: <br />
|# size offset fstype <br />
| a: 8385867 63 unused 0 0 <br />
| c: 8388608 0 unused 0 0 <br />
|>; <font color="red">d a <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|>; <font color="red">a a <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|offset: <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|size: <font color="red">128M <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Rounding to nearest cylinder: 262017 <br />
|FS type: <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|mount point: <font color="red">/ <then RETURN>; </font> <br />
|>; <font color="red">a b <then RETURN>; </font> <br />
|offset: <font color="red"><RETURN>; </font> <br />
|size: <font color="red">256M <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Rounding to nearest cylinder: 524160 <br />
|FS type: <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|>; <font color="red">a d <then RETURN>; </font> <br />
|offset: <font color="red"><RETURN>; </font> <br />
|size: <font color="red">128M <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Rounding to nearest cylinder: 262080 <br />
|FS type: <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|mount point: <font color="red">/tmp <then RETURN>; </font> <br />
|>; <font color="red">a e <then RETURN>; </font> <br />
|offset: <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|size: <font color="red">512M <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Rounding to nearest cylinder: 1048320 <br />
|FS type: <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|mount point: <font color="red">/var <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|>; <font color="red">a f <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|offset: <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|size: <font color="red">2048M <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Rounding to nearest cylinder: 4194288 <br />
|FS type: <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|mount point: <font color="red"> /usr <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|>; <font color="red">a g <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|offset: <font color="red"><RETURN>; </font> <br />
|size: <font color="red"><RETURN>; </font> <br />
|FS type: <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|mount point: <font color="red">/home <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|>;<font color="red"> p <then RETURN>; </font> <br />
|device: /dev/rwd0c <br />
|type: ESDI <br />
|disk: ESDI/IDE disk <br />
|label: VMware Virtual I <br />
|bytes/sector: 512 <br />
|sectors/track: 63 <br />
|tracks/cylinder: 16 <br />
|sectors/cylinder: 1008 <br />
|cylinders: 8332 <br />
|total sectors: 8388608 <br />
|free sectors: 8385867 <br />
|rpm: 3600 <br />
| <br />
|16 partitions: <br />
|# size offset fstype <br />
| a: 262017 63 4.2BSD 2048 16384 16 # / <br />
| b: 524160 262080 swap <br />
| c: 8388608 0 4.2BSD 0 0 <br />
| d: 262080 786240 4.2BSD 2048 16384 16 # /tmp <br />
| e: 1048320 1048320 4.2BSD 2048 16384 16 # /var <br />
| f: 4194288 2096640 unused 2048 16384 16 # /usr <br />
| g: 2095002 6290928 4.2BSD 2048 16384 16 # /home <br />
|>; <font color="red">w <then RETURN>; </font> <br />
|>; <font color="red">q <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|No label changes. <br />
|Mount point for wd0d (size=131040k)>; (or 'none' or 'done') <font color="red"><RETURN>; </font> <br />
|Mount point for wd0e (size=524160k)>; (or 'none' or 'done') <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Mount point for wd0f (size=2097144k)>; (or 'none' or 'done') <font color="red"><RETURN>; </font> <br />
|Mount point for wd0g (size=1047501k)>; (or 'none' or 'done') <font color="red"><RETURN>; </font> <br />
|Mount point for wd0d (size=131040k)>; (or 'none' or 'done') <font color="red">done <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|No more disks to initialize. <br />
| <br />
|OpenBSD filesystems: <br />
|wd0a / <br />
|wd0d /tmp <br />
|wd0e /var <br />
|wd0f /usr <br />
|wd0g /home <br />
| <br />
|The next step *DESTORYS* all existing data on these partitions! <br />
|Are you reallysure that you're ready to proceed? <font color="red">yes <then RETURN>; </font> <br />
| ...... 创建磁盘过程省略 ...... <br />
1.6.<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">网络</a>配置 <br />
|System hostname? (short form, e.g. 'foo')<font color="red"> bsd010ids <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
####################### <br />
配置主机名 <br />
####################### <br />
|Configure the network? <font color="red"><RETURN>; </font> <br />
|Available interfaces are: le1 le2 <br />
|Which on do you wish to initialize? (or 'done') <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Symbolic (host) name for le1? <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|IPv4 address for le1? (or 'none' or 'dhcp') <font color="red">10.x.x.x <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Netmask? <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Available interfaces are: le2 <br />
|Which on do you wish to initialize? (or 'done') <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Symbolic (host) name for le1? <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|IPv4 address for le2? (or 'none' or 'dhcp') <font color="red">192.168.1.1 <then RETURN>; </font> <br />
|Netmask? <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|No more interfaces to initialize. <br />
|DNS domain name? (e.g. 'bar.com') <font color="red">mycom.com <then RETURN>; </font> <br />
|DNS nameserver? (IP address or 'none') <font color="red">202.97.224.68 <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Use the nameserver now? <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Default IPv4 route? (IPv4 address, 'dhcp' or 'none') <font color="red">10.x.x.x <then RETURN>; </font> <br />
|add net default: gateway 10.x.x.x <br />
|Edit hostswith ed? <font color="red"><RETURN>; </font> <br />
|Do you want to do any manual network configuration? <font color="red"><RETURN>; </font> <br />
1.7.<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">设置</a>root口令 <br />
<br />
|Password for root account? (will not echo) <font color="red"><enter your password then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Password for root account? (again) <font color="red"><enter your password again then RETURN>;</font> <br />
1.8.选择需要<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">安装</a>的<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a>文件 <br />
|You will now specify the locatiob and names of the install sets you wangt to <br />
|load. You will be able to repeat this step until all of your sets have been <br />
|successfully loaded. If you are not sure what sets to install, refer to the <br />
|installatio notes for details on the contents of each. <br />
| <br />
|Sets can be located on a (m)ounted filesystem; a (c)drom, (d)isk or (t)ape <br />
|device; or a (f)tp, (n)fs or (h)ttp server. <br />
|Where are the install sets? (or 'done') <font color="red">c <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Available CD-ROMs are cd0. <br />
|Which one contains the install media? (or 'done') <font color="red"><RETURN>; </font> <br />
##################################### <br />
<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">安装</a>程序询问用哪种方式<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">安装</a>,我们输入c,从cdrom上<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">安装</a>,然后选择第一个cdrom设备cd0,回车继续。 <br />
####################################### <br />
| <br />
|Pathname to the sets? (or 'done') <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
| <br />
|The following sets are available. Enter a filename, 'all' to select <br />
|all the sets, or 'done'. You may de-select a set by prepending a '-' <br />
|to its name. <br />
| <br />
| bsd <br />
| bsd.rd <br />
| [ ]bsd.mp <br />
| base36.tgz <br />
| etc36.tgz <br />
| misc36.tgz <br />
| comp36.tgz <br />
| man36.tgz <br />
| game36.tgz <br />
| [ ]xbase36.tgz <br />
| [ ]xetc36.tgz <br />
| [ ]xshare36.tgz <br />
| [ ]xfont36.tgz <br />
| [ ]xserv36.tgz <br />
| <br />
|File name? (or 'done') <font color="red">-game36.tgz <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
| <br />
|The following sets are available. Enter a filename, 'all' to select <br />
|all the sets, or 'done'. You may de-select a set by prepending a '-' <br />
|to its name. <br />
| <br />
| bsd <br />
| bsd.rd <br />
| [ ]bsd.mp <br />
| base36.tgz <br />
| etc36.tgz <br />
| misc36.tgz <br />
| comp36.tgz <br />
| man36.tgz <br />
| [ ]game36.tgz <br />
| [ ]xbase36.tgz <br />
| [ ]xetc36.tgz <br />
| [ ]xshare36.tgz <br />
| [ ]xfont36.tgz <br />
| [ ]xserv36.tgz <br />
| <br />
|File name? (or 'done') <font color="red">done <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Ready to install sets? <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
| ...... <a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">安装</a>过程省略 ...... <br />
| <br />
|Sets can be located on a (m)ounted filesystem; a (c)drom, (d)isk or (t)ape <br />
|device; or a (f)tp, (n)fs or (h)ttp server. <br />
|Where are the install sets? (or 'done') done <then RETURN>; <br />
<br />
这里解释一下OpenBSD的<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a>包的<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">安装</a>情况: <br />
“x”开动的<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a>包,是X Window使用的基本包(我不用这东西,没装); <br />
其余的包,除“bsd.mp”、“game36.tgz”外,都是<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a>必须的包,要装; <br />
“bsd.mp”我不知道是什么,也没查,我感觉应该是SMP用的,缺省就没选,我也没装; <br />
“game36.tgz”,这个我肯定是不装。 <br />
1.9.<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a><a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">服务</a>配置 <br />
|Start sshd(8 ) by default? <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Do you expect to run the X Window System? <font color="red">no <then RETURN>; </font> <br />
|Change the default console to com0? <font color="red"><RETURN>; </font> <br />
|Saving configuration files...done. <br />
|Generating initial host.random file...done. <br />
|What timezone are you in? ('?' for list) <font color="red">? <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|Africa/ Chile/ GB-Eire Israel NZ-CHAT Turkey <br />
|America/ Cuba GMT Jamaica Navajo UCT <br />
|Antarctica/ EET GMT+0 Japan PRC US/ <br />
|Arctic/ EST GMT-0 Kwajalein PST8PDT UTC <br />
|Asia/ EST5EDT GMT0 Libya Pacific/ Universal <br />
|Atlantic/ Egypt Greenwich MET Poland W-SU <br />
|Australia/ Eire HST MST Portugal WET <br />
|Brazil/ Etc/ Hongkong MST7MDT ROC Zulu <br />
|CET Europe/ Iceland Mexico/ ROK posix/ <br />
|CST6CDT Factory Indian/ Mideast/ Singapore posixrules <br />
|Canada/ GB Iran NZ SystemV/ right/ <br />
|What timezone are you in? ('?' for list) <font color="red">PRC <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
################## <br />
此处用UTC则和你的手表时间一致,因此建议使用UTC <br />
##多谢bluebell指出错误,输入的时候没有注意,呵呵 <br />
######################### <br />
|Setting local timezone to 'PRC'...done. <br />
|Making all device nodes...done. <br />
|Installing boot block... <br />
|boot: /mnt/boot <br />
|proto: /usr/mdec/biosboot <br />
|device: /dev/rwd0c <br />
|/usr/mdec/biosboot: entry point 0 <br />
|proto bootblock size 512 <br />
|/mnt/boot is 3 blocks x 16384 bytes <br />
|fs block shift 2; part offset 63; inode block 120, offset 8488 <br />
|using MBR partition 3: type 166 (0xa6) offset 63 (0x3f) <br />
|done. <br />
| <br />
|CONGRATULATIONS! Your OpenBSD install has been successfully completed! <br />
|To boot the new system, enter halt at the command prompt. Once the <br />
|system has halted, reset the machine and boot from the disk. <br />
|# <font color="red">halt <then RETURN>;</font> <br />
|syncing disks... done <br />
| <br />
|The operating system has halted. <br />
|Please press any key to reboot. <font color="red"><RETURN>;</font> <br />
| <br />
|Rebooting... <br />
至此,<a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">系统</a><a target="_blank" href="#" class="UBBWordLink">安装</a>部分完毕。<br />
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