FreeBSD 档案操作

问戒發表於 2014-7-2 15:19:00

0.        前言 档案的操作，是最常用到的指令。包含切换目录、列出档案、建立档案，删除档案、复制档案、档案更名、档案权限、档案连结等等。
1. 切换目录 指令 : cd （ change diretory 改变账号所在目录位置）   语法 : cd directory_name   参数 : . 表示现层目录 .. 表示上层目录 ~ 表示使用者家目录实例 : (1) 切换到上层目录中的 test 数据夹  <img style="CURSOR: pointer" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" border="0" alt="" onload="return imgzoom(this,700);" src="https://img.jbzj.com/do/upimg/080908/1220W0J2916012J4.gif" />
(2) 切换到上两层目录中的 test 数据夹
<img style="CURSOR: pointer" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" border="0" alt="" onload="return imgzoom(this,700);" src="https://img.jbzj.com/do/upimg/080908/1220W0J322O024527.gif" />
(3) 切换到自己的家目录
<img style="CURSOR: pointer" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" border="0" alt="" onload="return imgzoom(this,700);" src="https://img.jbzj.com/do/upimg/080908/1220W0J34245035630.gif" /> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">操作说明<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"> : <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">若只是单纯的要切换到家目录，直接用<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"> cd <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">不加任何参数就可以， <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">若是切换到家目录下（上）层的某数据夹时则需要用<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"> ~ <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">表示家目录。<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">   2. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">列出档案 / <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">档案权限 <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">指令<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"> : ls <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"> list directory contents <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">列出数据夹内的档案）<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">   <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">语法<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"> : ls [ -a ] [ -l ] [ directory_name/filename ]   <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">参数<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"> : -a <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">显示隐藏文件 <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">；<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"> -l <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">显示详细数据。 <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">实例<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"> : <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">以详细模式显示目前数据夹下的所有档案包含隐藏档（以<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"> . <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">开头的档案）
<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><img style="CURSOR: pointer" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" border="0" alt="" onload="return imgzoom(this,700);" src="https://img.jbzj.com/do/upimg/080908/1220W0J3IF4R62.gif" />
<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">操作说明 : 若最后不加目录及档案，则表示显示现有数据夹的档案。   补充说明 : 第一字段共有十个单位，表示档案的权限。 d rwx --- --- 第一个单位为 d 表示其为资料夹。 - rw- r-- r-- 第一个单位为 - 表示其为一般档案。紫色表示档案 / 资料夹拥有者的权限；棕色表示相同群组的权限；红色为其它人的权限。 第三栏及第四栏分别是该档案 / 数据夹的拥有者及其所属群组。此例拥有者为 root ，所属群组为 wheel 。第五字段为档案大小，最后是档案建立时间及文件名称。   3. 建立档案 / 数据夹 3.0 建立数据夹 指令 : mkdir （ make directories 建立数据夹）   语法 : mkdir [ -m ] directory_name   参数 : -m 参数后接 mode ，直接在创造数据夹时设定数据夹权限。 实例 : (1) 建立一个数据夹名为 test 。 
<img style="CURSOR: pointer" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" border="0" alt="" onload="return imgzoom(this,700);" src="https://img.jbzj.com/do/upimg/080908/1220W0J3963Z5K16.gif" />
途中第一行和第二行是相同的指令。都可以建立数据夹。 (2) 建立一个数据夹名为 test2 ，且权限为 700 。  <img style="CURSOR: pointer" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" border="0" alt="" onload="return imgzoom(this,700);" src="https://img.jbzj.com/do/upimg/080908/1220W0J42OF62L9.gif" />
3.1 建立档案指令 : touch （ change file access and modification times 改变档案存取及修改时间）   语法 : touch file_name   实例 : 建立一个空文件名为 ABC 。  

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FreeBSD 档案操作