CentOS 8.0.1905 linux服务器系统安装与配置图解教程
<p><span><strong>说明：</strong></span></p><p>截止目前CentOS 8.x最新版本为CentOS 8.0.1905，下面介绍CentOS 8.0.1905的具体安装配置过程</p>
<p><span><strong>服务器相关设置如下：</strong></span></p>
<p>操作系统：CentOS 8.0.1905</p>
<p>IP地址：192.168.21.130</p>
<p>网关：192.168.21.2</p>
<p>DNS：8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4</p>
<p><span><strong>备注：</strong></span></p>
<p>1、CentOS 8.x系列只有64位系统，没有32位。</p>
<p>2、CentOS 8.x的版本有<a target="_blank" href="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8.0.1905/isos/x86_64/CentOS-8-x86_64-1905-dvd1.iso">CentOS 8.x</a>和<a target="_blank" href="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8-stream/isos/x86_64/CentOS-Stream-x86_64-dvd1.iso">CentOS Stream</a>两个版本，</p>
<p>2.1、CentOS Stream是一个面向开发人员的发行版，是Red Hat Enterprise Linux的滚动发行版，是一个连续的内容流，每天更新几次，其中包含RHEL的最新和最大更新。</p>
<p>2.2、服务器一般建议安装<a target="_blank" href="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8.0.1905/isos/x86_64/CentOS-8-x86_64-1905-dvd1.iso">CentOS 8.x</a>版本。</p>
<p><span><strong>一、安装CentOS 8.0.1905</strong></span></p>
<p>成功引导系统后，会出现下面的界面</p>
<p><img title="3649" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10265" alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/201911191649402.jpg" /></p>
<p>界面说明：</p>
<p>Install CentOS Linux 8.0.1905 <span>#安装CentOS 8.0.1905</span></p>
<p>Test this media & install CentOS Linux 8.0.1905<span> #测试安装文件并安装CentOS 8.0.1905</span></p>
<p>Troubleshooting <span>#修复故障</span></p>
<p>这里选择第一项，安装CentOS 8.0.1905，回车，进入下面的界面</p>
<p><img title="3649" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10265" alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/201911191649403.jpg" /></p>
<p>语言选择界面，正式生产服务器建议安装英文版本。</p>
<p>Continue继续</p>
<p><img title="3649" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10265" alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/201911191649404.jpg" /></p>
<p>选择-系统SYSTEM-安装位置Installtion Destir，进入磁盘分区界面</p>
<p><img title="3649" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10265" alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/201911191649415.jpg" /></p>
<p>选择Storage Configuration存储配置，Custom自定义，点左上角的“完成Done”，进入下面的界面</p>
<p><img title="3649" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10265" alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/201911191649416.jpg" /></p>
<p>新挂载点使用以下分区方案：标准Standard Partition</p>
<p>完成Done</p>
<p>点左下角的“+”号</p>
<p>挂载点：swap</p>
<p>期望容量：2048</p>
<p>添加挂载点，如下图所示</p>
<p><img title="3649" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10265" alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/201911191649427.jpg" /></p>
<p><span>分区前先规划好</span></p>
<p>swap <span>#交换分区，一般设置为内存的2倍</span></p>
<p>/ <span>#剩余所有空间</span></p>
<p><span>备注：生产服务器建议单独再划分一个/data分区存放数据</span></p>
<p>继续点左下角的“+”号</p>
<p>挂载点：/</p>
<p>期望容量：留空 #默认为剩余所有空间</p>
<p>添加挂载点，如下图所示</p>
<p><img title="3649" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10265" alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/201911191649428.jpg" /></p>
<p><img title="3649" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10265" alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/201911191649439.jpg" /></p>
<p>点左上角的“完成Done”，进入下面的界面</p>
<p><img title="3649" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10265" alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/2019111916494310.jpg" /></p>
<p>接受更改Accept Changes，进入下面的界面</p>
<p><img title="3649" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10265" alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/2019111916494411.jpg" /></p>
<p>软件SOFTWARE”-“软件选择Software Selection”，进入如下界面</p>
<p><img title="3649" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10265" alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/2019111916495412.jpg" /></p>
<p>界面说明：</p>
<p>1、带GUI的服务器，集成的易于管理的带有图形界面的服务器；</p>
<p>2、服务器，集成的易于管理的服务器；</p>
<p><span>3、最小安装，基本功能；</span></p>
<p>4、工作站，工作站是用户友好的笔记本电脑和PC的桌面系统；</p>
<p>5、定制操作系统；</p>
<p>6、虚拟化主机，最小虚拟化主机。</p>
<p><span>服务器建议选择第三项，最小安装。</span></p>
<p><img title="3649" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10265" alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/2019111916495413.jpg" /></p>
<p>开始安装Begin Installation</p>
<p>进入下面的界面</p>
<p><img title="3649" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10265" alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/2019111916495514.jpg" /></p>
<p>选择-用户设置USER SETTINGS-Root Password密码，进入下面的界面</p>
<p><img title="3649" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10265" alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/2019111916495515.jpg" /></p>
<p>设置Root密码</p>
<p>如果密码长度太短会出现提示，设置好后要确认两次，安装继续。</p>
<p><img title="3649" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10265" alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/2019111916495516.jpg" /></p>
<p>安装完成之后，会进入下面的界面</p>
<p><img title="3649" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10265" alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/2019111916495617.jpg" /></p>
<p>账号输入root 回车</p>
<p>再输入上面设置的root密码回车</p>
<p>系统登录成功</p>
<p><span><strong>二、设置IP地址、网关DNS</strong></span></p>
<p><span>说明：CentOS 8.x默认安装好之后是没有自动开启网络连接的！</span></p>
<p>cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ #进入网络配置文件目录</p>
<p>vi ifcfg-ens160 <span>#编辑配置文件，添加修改以下内容</span></p>
<p>TYPE=Ethernet</p>
<p>PROXY_METHOD=none</p>
<p>BROWSER_ONLY=no</p>
<p>BOOTPROTO=static <span>#启用静态IP地址</span></p>
<p>DEFROUTE=yes</p>
<p>IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no</p>
<p>IPV6INIT=yes</p>
<p>IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes</p>
<p>IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes</p>
<p>IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no</p>
<p>IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy</p>
<p>NAME=ens160</p>
<p>UUID=6b61a7cb-e11d-491d-bb30-aad60721c6b1</p>
<p>DEVICE=ens160</p>
<p>ONBOOT=yes <span>#开启自动启用网络连接</span></p>
<p>IPADDR0=192.168.21.130 <span>#设置IP地址</span></p>
<p>PREFIXO0=24 <span>#设置子网掩码</span></p>
<p>GATEWAY0=192.168.21.2 <span>#设置网关</span></p>
<p>DNS1=8.8.8.8 <span>#设置主DNS</span></p>
<p>DNS2=8.8.4.4 <span>#设置备DNS</span></p>
<p>:wq! <span>#保存退出</span></p>
<p><img title="3665" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10295" alt="" width="640" height="480" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/2019111916495918.jpg" /></p>
<p>nmcli c reload <span>#重新加载网络配置</span></p>
<p><span>#说明，CentOS 8默认不支持network.service服务，需要使用yum install network-scripts命令来安装此服务。</span></p>
<p>yum install network-scripts</p>
<p>service network restart <span> #重启网络服务</span></p>
<p>systemctl restart network.service <span>#重启网络服务</span></p>
<p>ping www.baidu.com <span> #测试网络是否正常</span></p>
<p><img title="3666" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10299" alt="" width="640" height="222" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/2019111916495919.jpg" /></p>
<p>ip addr <span>#查看IP地址</span></p>
<p><img title="3667" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10301" alt="" width="639" height="239" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/2019111916500120.jpg" /></p>
<p><span><strong>三、设置主机名为www</strong></span></p>
<p>hostname www <span>#设置主机名为www</span></p>
<p>vi /etc/hostname <span>#编辑配置文件</span></p>
<p>www <span>#修改localhost.localdomain为www</span></p>
<p>:wq! <span>#保存退出</span></p>
<p>vi /etc/hosts <span>#编辑配置文件</span></p>
<p>127.0.0.1 localhost www <span>#修改localhost.localdomain为www</span></p>
<p>:wq! <span>#保存退出</span></p>
<p><span><strong>四、把网卡名称ifcfg-ens160改为ifcfg-eth0</strong></span></p>
<p><span>CentOS 8.x系统中网卡命名规则被重新定义，可能会是”ifcfg-ens160”等，下面我们把网卡改为ifcfg-eth0这种。</span></p>
<p>1、cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</p>
<p>mv ifcfg-ens160 ifcfg-eth0 <span>#修改名称</span></p>
<p>vi ifcfg-eth0 <span> #编辑</span></p>
<p>NAME=eth0 <span>#修改</span></p>
<p>DEVICE=eth0 <span>#修改</span></p>
<p>:wq! <span>#保存退出</span></p>
<p><img title="3669" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10305" alt="" width="640" height="385" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/2019111916500121.jpg" /></p>
<p>2、vi /etc/sysconfig/grub <span>#编辑</span></p>
<p>在”GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX“变量中添加一句”net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0“</p>
<p>:wq!<span> #保存退出</span></p>
<p><img title="3668" alt="" width="640" height="386" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/2019111916500122.jpg" /></p>
<p>3、运行命令：grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg <span>#重新生成grub配置并更新内核参数</span></p>
<p>4、添加udev的规则</p>
<p>在”/etc/udev/rules.d“目录中创建一个网卡规则”70-persistent-net.rules“,并写入下面的语句:</p>
<p>SUBSYSTEM=="net",ACTION=="add",DRIVERS=="?*",ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:12:72:05",ATTR｛type｝=="1" ,KERNEL=="eth*",NAME="eth0"</p>
<p><span>#ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:12:72:05"是网卡的MAC地址</span></p>
<p>cd /etc/udev/rules.d</p>
<p>vi 70-persistent-net.rules <span>#添加</span></p>
<p>SUBSYSTEM=="net",ACTION=="add",DRIVERS=="?*",ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:12:72:05",ATTR｛type｝=="1" ,KERNEL=="eth*",NAME="eth0"</p>
<p>:wq! <span>#保存退出</span></p>
<p><img title="3670" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-10307" alt="" width="640" height="381" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/201911/2019111916500123.jpg" /></p>
<p>shutdown -r now <span>#重启系统</span></p>
<p>网卡已经更改为eth0</p>
<p><span><strong>至此，CentOS 8.0.1905系统安装配置图解教程完成！</strong></span> </p>
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