vs2019+qt工程中如何生成dump文件及调试详解
<div id="navCategory"><h5 class="catalogue">目录</h5><ul class="first_class_ul"><li>一、调试前置条件</li><li>二、抓取异常的系统函数区分</li><li>三、可直接复用的代码：</li><li>四、调试：</li><li>总结</li></ul></div><p class="maodian"></p><h2>一、调试前置条件</h2><p>1、在编译之后，exe和pdb文件均需要发布给用户；</p>
<p class="maodian"></p><h2>二、抓取异常的系统函数区分</h2>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;">AddVectoredExceptionHandler和SetUnhandledExceptionFilter
</pre></div>
<blockquote><p>AddVectoredExceptionHandler 是“第一现场观察者”，<br />SetUnhandledExceptionFilter 是“最后兜底处理者”。<br />当一个异常发生时，Windows 内部顺序是：<br />``1️⃣ Vectored Exception Handlers (VEH)<br />↓<br />2️⃣ 线程的 SEH (__try / __except)<br />↓<br />3️⃣ C++ try / catch<br />↓<br />4️⃣ UnhandledExceptionFilter (UEF)<br />↓<br />5️⃣ Windows 默认异常处理（弹框 / 进程终止）`</p></blockquote>
<table><thead><tr><th>对比项</th><th>VEH</th><th>UEF</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>调用时机</td><td><strong>最早</strong></td><td><strong>最后</strong></td></tr><tr><td>是否能看到 first-chance</td><td>✅ 能</td><td>❌ 不能</td></tr><tr><td>是否会被覆盖</td><td>❌ 不会</td><td>✅ 经常</td></tr><tr><td>稳定性</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐</td></tr><tr><td>使用难度</td><td>高</td><td>低</td></tr><tr><td>线上推荐</td><td>✅</td><td>❌</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p class="maodian"></p><h2>三、可直接复用的代码：</h2>
<p>CrashDump.h:</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;">#pragma once
#include <Windows.h>
class CrashDump
{
public:
static void Install();
private:
static LONG CALLBACK VectoredHandler(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ep);
static void WriteDump(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ep);
private:
static volatile LONG s_dumped;
};
</pre></div>
<p>CrashDump.cpp</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;">#include "CrashDump.h"
#include <DbgHelp.h>
#include <strsafe.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "Dbghelp.lib")
volatile LONG CrashDump::s_dumped = 0;
void CrashDump::Install()
{
AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1, VectoredHandler);
}
static bool IsFatalException(DWORD code, DWORD flags)
{
// 明确忽略的异常（正常流程）
switch (code)
{
case EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT:
case EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP:
case 0xE06D7363: // C++ Exception
return false;
default:
break;
}
// 不可继续异常 → 一定是致命的
if (flags & EXCEPTION_NONCONTINUABLE)
return true;
// 常见致命异常
switch (code)
{
case EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION:
case EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED:
case EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT:
case EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION:
case EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR:
case EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW:
return true;
default:
return false;
}
}
LONG CALLBACK CrashDump::VectoredHandler(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ep)
{
if (!ep || !ep->ExceptionRecord)
return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
DWORD code = ep->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode;
DWORD flags = ep->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionFlags;
// ⭐ 只处理真正致命异常
if (!IsFatalException(code, flags))
return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
if (InterlockedCompareExchange(&s_dumped, 1, 0) == 0)
{
WriteDump(ep);
// ❗真正崩溃点，立即终止
TerminateProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), code);
}
return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
}
void CrashDump::WriteDump(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ep)
{
wchar_t dir = { 0 };
GetModuleFileNameW(nullptr, dir, MAX_PATH);
wchar_t* slash = wcsrchr(dir, L'\\');
if (slash) *slash = 0;
SYSTEMTIME st;
GetLocalTime(&st);
DWORD pid = GetCurrentProcessId();
DWORD tid = GetCurrentThreadId();
wchar_t path = { 0 };
StringCchPrintfW(
path,
MAX_PATH,
L"%s\\DumpFile-%04d%02d%02d-%02d%02d%02d-P%u-T%u.dmp",
dir,
st.wYear, st.wMonth, st.wDay,
st.wHour, st.wMinute, st.wSecond,
pid, tid);
HANDLE hFile = CreateFileW(
path,
GENERIC_WRITE,
0,
nullptr,
CREATE_ALWAYS,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
nullptr);
if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
return;
MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION mei = {};
mei.ThreadId = tid;
mei.ExceptionPointers = ep;
mei.ClientPointers = FALSE;
MINIDUMP_TYPE type = (MINIDUMP_TYPE)(
MiniDumpWithFullMemory |
MiniDumpWithThreadInfo |
MiniDumpWithHandleData |
MiniDumpWithUnloadedModules);
MiniDumpWriteDump(
GetCurrentProcess(),
pid,
hFile,
type,
&mei,
nullptr,
nullptr);
CloseHandle(hFile);
}
</pre></div>
<p>在main函数中调用：</p>
<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:cpp;"> CrashDump::Install();
QApplication a(argc, argv);
...
</pre></div>
<p class="maodian"></p><h2>四、调试：</h2>
<p>1、将dump文件放在对应的exe、pdb文件同级目录下；</p>
<p>2、</p>
<p>1）使用Visual Studio打开dump文件，然后设置符号路径，路径下需要有exe、pdb、dump；</p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="https://img.jbzj.com/file_images/article/202601/2026011109102625.png" /></p>
<p>2）点击“使用仅限本机进行调试”，即可重新异常情况；</p>
<p class="maodian"></p><h2>总结</h2>
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