ubuntu操作系统常用FAQ详解
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000">一、记录一下如何ubuntu server如何查看crontab日志</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">crontab记录日志</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
修改rsyslog</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
sudo vim /etc/rsyslog.d/50-default.conf</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
cron.* /var/log/cron.log #将cron前面的注释符去掉</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
重启rsyslog</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
sudo service rsyslog restart</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
查看crontab日志</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
less /var/log/cron.log</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000">二、ubuntu 重设crontab -e的默认编辑器</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
Ubuntu System Admin 在一线上服务器上设置计划任务， 不小心选择了nano， 由于以前接触的是redhat系列的， 不习惯用nano， 于是想重设下， 网上查了下， 貌似没有。。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
无奈之下，重装一台服务器测试， 发现当你第一次crontab -e选择编辑器的时候就会提醒你： 以后若要该改变选择， 输入select-editor 唉，还是不够细心啊。。 sudo select-editor 选择vim 搞定。。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
root@ubuntu:/var/www# select-editor</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
Select an editor. To change later, run 'select-editor'.</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
1. /bin/ed</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
2. /bin/nano <---- easiest</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
3. /usr/bin/vim.basic</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
4. /usr/bin/vim.tiny</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
选择的数字是“3”， /usr/bin/vim.basic。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000">三、ubuntu dash shell 改为 bash</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
ubuntu shell 下默认的脚本解析器是dash, 会使一些bash脚本执行失败.</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
通过如下方式改回bash:</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
sudo dpkg-reconfigure dash</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
选择NO</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000">四、如何修改resolv.conf</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
unbuntu每次重启会重置resolv.conf</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
1.把/etc/network/interfaces文件里的dns-nameservers写入resolv.conf</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
2.把/etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base的内容复制到resolv.conf</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
因此我们要保证每次重启后resolv.conf不变的话我们就要从如上两个文件着手修改</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000">五、如何修改IP</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
修改如下配置文件即可</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
cat /etc/network/interfaces</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
# The loopback network interface</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
auto lo</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
iface lo inet loopback</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
# The primary network interface</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
auto eth0</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
iface eth0 inet static</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
address 192.168.1.100</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
netmask 255.255.0.0</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
network 192.168.0.0</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
broadcast 192.168.255.255</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
gateway 192.168.1.1</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
# dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
dns-nameservers 192.168.0.1</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000">六、修改主机名</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
修改如下两个文件即可</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
/etc/hostname</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; outline: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";">
/etc/hosts</p>
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