详解ubuntu下安装Docker
<p>Docker 是 dotCloud 最近几个月刚宣布的开源引擎，旨在提供一种应用程序的自动化部署解决方案，简单的说就是，在 Linux 系统上迅速创建一个容器（类似虚拟机）并在容器上部署和运行应用程序，并通过配置文件可以轻松实现应用程序的自动化安装、部署和升级，非常方便。因为使用了容器，所以可以很方便的把生产环境和开发环境分开，互不影响，这是 docker 最普遍的一个玩法。更多的玩法还有大规模 web 应用、数据库部署、持续部署、集群、测试环境、面向服务的云计算、虚拟桌面 VDI 等等。</p>
<p>
<strong>注意：</strong>由于Docker需要在Linux Kernel 3.8及以上才可以很好的工作【本人在ubuntu12.04 lts 内核3.2也正常安装】，官方更是推荐Ubuntu系统，这里有两种选择：Ubuntu 12.04 LTS或最新的Ubuntu 13.10 而本文比较喜欢倾向LTS，幸好有办法解决Kernel版本问题。</p>
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<strong>1、更新Ubuntu内核</strong></p>
<p>
使用如下命令行更新内核至3.8.0-25</p>
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<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">linux-image-3.8.0-25-generic</code>
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<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">linux-headers-3.8.0-25-generic</code>
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完成后重启电脑，通过命令 “uname -r” 来查看内核是否成功更新。</p>
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<strong>2、安装lxc-docker</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">root@ubuntu: </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">software-properties-common </code><code class="bash comments">#增加 add-apt-repository 命令</code>
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<code class="bash plain">root@ubuntu: </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">python-software-properties </code>
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<code class="bash plain">root@ubuntu: </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">add-apt-repository ppa:dotcloud</code><code class="bash plain">/lxc-docker</code> <code class="bash comments">#增加一个ppa源，如：ppa:user/ppa-name</code>
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<code class="bash plain">root@ubuntu: </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get update </code><code class="bash comments">#更新系统</code>
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<code class="bash plain">root@ubuntu: </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">lxc-docker</code>
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<strong>3、测试doctor是否安装成功</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">root@ubuntu:~</code><code class="bash comments"># docker #出现如下信息表示docker安装成功</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Usage: docker COMMAND </code>
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<code class="bash plain">-H=: tcp:</code><code class="bash plain">//host</code><code class="bash plain">:port to bind</code><code class="bash plain">/connect</code> <code class="bash plain">to or unix:</code><code class="bash plain">//path/to/socket</code> <code class="bash plain">touse</code>
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<code class="bash plain">A self-sufficient runtime </code><code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash plain">linux containers.</code>
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<code class="bash plain">...</code>
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<strong>4、Hello World</strong></p>
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4.1、下载官方ubuntu image</p>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker pull ubuntu </code><code class="bash comments">#pull命令需要到国外的镜像仓库，拉取镜像，因为GFW的关系，拉取失败的可能性很大</code>
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4.2、运行hello world</p>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker run ubuntu </code><code class="bash plain">/bin/echo</code> <code class="bash plain">hello world</code>
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<strong>5、docker常用命令</strong></p>
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5.1、docker三种命令运行模式</p>
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docker有三种命令运行的方式：短暂方式、交互方式、daemon方式。</p>
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a、短暂方式：就是刚刚的那个”hello world”，命令执行完后，container就终止了，不过并没有消失，可以用 sudo docker ps -</p>
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a 看一下所有的container，第一个就是刚刚执行过的container，可以再次执行一遍：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker start container_id</code>
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不过这次看不到”hello world”了，只能看到ID，用logs命令才能看得到：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker logs container_id</code>
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可以看到两个”hello world”，因为这个container运行了两次。</p>
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b、交互方式</p>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker run -i -t image_name </code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code> <code class="bash comments">#image_name为docker镜像名称</code>
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c、daemon方式</p>
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即让软件作为长时间服务运行，这就是SAAS啊！<br>
例如，一个无限循环打印的脚本(替换为memcached、apache等，操作方法仍然不变！)：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ CONTAINER_ID=$(</code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker run -d ubuntu </code><code class="bash plain">/bin/sh</code> <code class="bash plain">-c </code><code class="bash string">"while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"</code><code class="bash plain">)</code>
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在container外面查看它的输出</p>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker logs $CONTAINER_ID</code>
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或者连接上容器实时查看</p>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker attach $CONTAINER_ID</code>
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终止容器</p>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker stop $CONTAINER_ID</code>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker </code><code class="bash functions">ps</code> <code class="bash comments">#看一下，已经没了</code>
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5.2、docker ps命令</p>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker </code><code class="bash functions">ps</code> <code class="bash comments">#列出当前所有正在运行的container</code>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker </code><code class="bash functions">ps</code> <code class="bash plain">-l </code><code class="bash comments">#列出最近一次启动的，且正在运行的container</code>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker </code><code class="bash functions">ps</code> <code class="bash plain">-a </code><code class="bash comments">#列出所有的container</code>
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<strong>注意：</strong></p>
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a、其他用法请参考 sudo docker ps -h</p>
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b、还有一种方式可以让程序在daemon模式下运行，就是在Dockerfile里设置USER为daemon</p>
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5.3、docker export命令</p>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ container_id=`docker run -d <image_name> </code><code class="bash functions">ls</code><code class="bash plain">`</code>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ docker </code><code class="bash functions">export</code> <code class="bash plain">$container_id > image.tgz</code>
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5.4、docker import命令</p>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain">image.tgz | </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker </code><code class="bash functions">import</code> <code class="bash plain">- simple_dev </code><code class="bash comments">#simple_dev为自定义的镜像名称</code>
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5.5、docker port命令</p>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ docker run -p 80:8080 <image> <cmd> </code><code class="bash comments">#映射容器的8080端口到宿主机的80端口</code>
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5.6、删除容器</p>
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5.6.1、删除所有容器</p>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker </code><code class="bash functions">rm</code> <code class="bash plain">`</code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker </code><code class="bash functions">ps</code> <code class="bash plain">-a -q`</code>
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5.6.1、删除具体某个容器</p>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker </code><code class="bash functions">rm</code> <code class="bash plain">$CONTAINER_ID</code>
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5.7、docker命令快速参考</p>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker images </code><code class="bash comments">#查看本地镜像</code>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker attach $CONTAINER_ID </code><code class="bash comments">#启动一个已存在的docker实例</code>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker stop $CONTAINER_ID </code><code class="bash comments">#停止docker实例</code>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker logs $CONTAINER_ID </code><code class="bash comments">#查看docker实例运行日志，确保正常运行</code>
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<code class="bash plain">linjiqin@ubuntu:~$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker inspect $CONTAINER_ID </code><code class="bash comments">#查看container的实例属性，比如ip等等 </code>
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<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">docker run -t -i -</code><code class="bash functions">v</code> <code class="bash plain">/home/linjiqin/dev/docker</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/home/mycontainer</code><code class="bash plain">:rw -p 8000:8000 mydocker </code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
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<p>
写在前面，运行我们的镜像的命令使用上面的为参考，这样会挂载本地文件夹，并且会映射container的8000端口到宿主机的8000端口</p>
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/home/linjiqin/dev/docker为要挂载的本地文件夹，需提前创建</p>
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/home/mycontainer为docker映射路径，执行上面命令会帮我们创建</p>
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以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。</p>
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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/linjiqin/p/3625609.html</p>
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