通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程
<div id="navCategory"><h5 class="catalogue">目录</h5><ul class="first_class_ul"><li>1 安装软件</li><li>
2 准备连接环境<ul class="second_class_ul"><li>
2.1 修改数据库的pg_hba.conf文件</li><li>
2.2 使用omm用户登陆数据库，给dbuser用户授权，并退出数据库</li><li>
2.3 修改数据库监听地址</li></ul></li><li>
3 windows下配置odbc数据源<ul class="second_class_ul"><li>
3.1下载客户端gaussdb(for opengauss)驱动程序并进行安装</li><li>
3.2 打开驱动管理器</li><li>
3.3 配置数据源</li><li>
3.4 验证并保存设置</li></ul></li><li>
3 qt安装<ul class="second_class_ul"></ul></li><li>
4 创建一个qt工程<ul class="second_class_ul"></ul></li><li>
总结<ul class="second_class_ul"></ul></li></ul></div><div id="navcategory">
<h5 class="catalogue">
目录</h5>
<ul class="first_class_ul">
<li>
1 安装软件
</li>
<li>
2 准备连接环境
<ul class="second_class_ul">
<li>
2.1 修改数据库的pg_hba.conf文件
</li>
<li>
2.2 使用omm用户登陆数据库，给dbuser用户授权，并退出数据库
</li>
<li>
2.3 修改数据库监听地址
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
3 windows下配置odbc数据源
<ul class="second_class_ul">
<li>
3.1下载客户端gaussdb(for opengauss)驱动程序并进行安装
</li>
<li>
3.2 打开驱动管理器
</li>
<li>
3.3 配置数据源
</li>
<li>
3.4 验证并保存设置
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
3 qt安装
<ul class="second_class_ul"></ul>
</li>
<li>
4 创建一个qt工程
<ul class="second_class_ul"></ul>
</li>
<li>
总结
<ul class="second_class_ul"></ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p class="maodian">
</p>
<p class="maodian"></p><h2>
1 安装软件</h2>
<ul>
<li>
qt-opensource-windows-x86-5.14.2.exe（之前的版本可能不行，安装过程中必须包含mingw64）</li>
<li>
opengauss</li>
<li>
odbc</li>
</ul>
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</p>
<p class="maodian"></p><h2>
2 准备连接环境</h2>
<p>
在opengauss所在的root环境下执行下列步骤</p>
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</p>
<p class="maodian"></p><h3>
2.1 修改数据库的pg_hba.conf文件</h3>
<p>
在gs_home中查找pg_hba.conf文件，本实验中数据库gs_home设置的为/gaussdb/data/db1，实际操作中gs_home地址可以查看安装时的配置文件：< param name=“datanode1” value="/gaussdb/data/db1" />。</p>
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<code class="sql plain">cd /gaussdb/data/db1</code>
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<code class="sql plain">vi pg_hba.conf</code>
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输入“:90”找到对应位置，然后输入“i”切换到insert模式，将“host all all 192.168.0.132/32 trust”修改为“host all all 192.168.0.132/32 sha256”。</p>
<p>
将以下内容添加进pg_hba.conf文件，完成后按下“esc”键，退出insert模式，输入“:wq”后回车保存。</p>
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<code class="sql plain"># ipv4 </code><code class="sql keyword">local</code> <code class="sql plain">connections:</code>
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<code class="sql plain">host </code><code class="sql color1">all</code> <code class="sql color1">all</code> <code class="sql plain">127.0.0.1/32 trust</code>
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<code class="sql plain">host </code><code class="sql color1">all</code> <code class="sql color1">all</code> <code class="sql plain">192.168.0.19/32 sha256</code>
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<code class="sql plain">host </code><code class="sql color1">all</code> <code class="sql color1">all</code> <code class="sql plain">0.0.0.0/0 sha256</code>
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<code class="sql plain"># ipv6 </code><code class="sql keyword">local</code> <code class="sql plain">connections:</code>
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<code class="sql plain">host </code><code class="sql color1">all</code> <code class="sql color1">all</code> <code class="sql plain">::1/128 trust</code>
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使用omm用户登陆，使用gs_ctl将策略生效。</p>
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<code class="sql plain">su - omm</code>
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<code class="sql plain">gs_ctl reload -d /gaussdb/data/db1/</code>
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返回结果为：</p>
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[]: gs_ctl reload ,datadir is -d "/gaussdb/data/db1"<br>
server signaled</p>
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注：如果之前没有启动过数据库，返回结果如下，继续操作即可：</p>
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<p>
[]: gs_ctl reload ,datadir is /gaussdb/data/db1<br>
[]: pid file "/gaussdb/data/db1/postmaster.pid" does not exist<br>
[]: is server running?</p>
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2.2 使用omm用户登陆数据库，给dbuser用户授权，并退出数据库</h3>
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<code class="sql plain">gsql -d postgres -p 26000 -r</code>
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<code class="sql plain">postgres=# </code><code class="sql keyword">alter</code> <code class="sql plain">role dbuser sysadmin;</code>
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<code class="sql keyword">alter</code> <code class="sql plain">role</code>
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<code class="sql plain">postgres=# \q</code>
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2.3 修改数据库监听地址</h3>
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在gs_home中，本实验中数据库gs_home设置的为/gaussdb/data/db1。</p>
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<code class="sql plain">cd /gaussdb/data/db1</code>
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<code class="sql plain">vi postgresql.conf</code>
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输入“:60”找到对应位置，然后输入“i”切换到insert模式，将listen_addresses的值修改成为*，修改后按下“esc”键，退出insert模式，输入“:wq”后回车保存。</p>
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<code class="sql plain">#listen_addresses = </code><code class="sql string">'192.168.0.19'</code> <code class="sql plain"># what ip address(es) </code><code class="sql keyword">to</code> <code class="sql plain">listen </code><code class="sql keyword">on</code><code class="sql plain">;</code>
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<code class="sql plain">listen_addresses = </code><code class="sql string">'*'</code>
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修改完成后重启数据库生效（-d后面的数据库默认路径，需要根据实际情况进行修改）。</p>
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<code class="sql plain">gs_ctl restart -d /gaussdb/data/db1/</code>
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3 windows下配置odbc数据源</h2>
<p>
windows操作系统自带odbc数据源管理器，无需用户手动安装管理器便可直接进行配置。</p>
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3.1下载客户端gaussdb(for opengauss)驱动程序并进行安装</h3>
<p>
下载地址：gaussdb驱动程序<br>
在本地（例如d:/download）下载zip文件后进行解压缩，解压缩后文件如下。<br><img title="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" alt="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/d8318fd93970464c3220082b3c457a5e.jpg"></p>
<p>
由于本实验opengauss安装在ecs（openeuler arm）上，所以进入euler2.8_arm_64文件夹，显示如下：<br><img title="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" alt="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/407acc588ff0b0fdc2909fc2796d675b.jpg"></p>
<p>
解压缩gaussdb-kernel-v500r001c10-windows-odbc.tar.gz文件，显示如下：</p>
<p>
<img title="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" alt="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/c3ebfc42b1223cea08a33748e14d8c1f.jpg"></p>
<p>
点击psqlodbc_x86.msi进行安装：</p>
<p>
<img title="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" alt="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/00c23d76c6be0e029b813f42e0de8327.jpg"></p>
<p>
默认设置，直到安装完毕。</p>
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3.2 打开驱动管理器</h3>
<p>
在配置数据源时，请使用对应的驱动管理器（假设操作系统安装盘符为c盘，如果是其他盘符，请对路径做相应修改）：<br>
64位操作系统上进行64位程序开发，安装64位驱动程序后，使用64位的驱动管理器：c:\windows\system32\odbcad32.exe 或者直接使用“控制面板 > 管理工具 > odbc 数据源(64 位)。</p>
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<img title="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" alt="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/d1095a10d4092dec5923e5cd210d30b2.jpg"></p>
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3.3 配置数据源</h3>
<p>
在打开的驱动管理器上，选择“用户dsn > 添加 > postgresql unicode(x64)”，然后进行配置：</p>
<p>
<img title="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" alt="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/1268d5ca39f45257fe58de113c788b97.jpg"><img title="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" alt="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/4283595d58ca1543be4532171e5cfb1e.jpg"><br><img title="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" alt="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/8c1939f60741a6f67d1475cbfee0beed.jpg"></p>
<p>
data source:opengauss （数据源名称，可以自定义）。<br>
database:postgres (<strong>需要连接的datebase名称</strong>)。<br>
server：opengauss数据库服务器的公网ip，请根据实际情况填写。<br>
pot:26000 (端口号)。<br>
user name:dbuser （连接数据库的用户名，不能使用omm用户，需要在数据库中创建）<br>
password：dbuser用户的密码，请根据实际情况填写。</p>
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3.4 验证并保存设置</h3>
<p>
点击test，显示 connection successful 表示设置成功：</p>
<p>
<img title="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" alt="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/6376943eced18aab2efef74e816dab33.jpg"></p>
<p>
点击保存：</p>
<p>
<img title="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" alt="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/3afbbf1a4694af9f908c6b704a70857f.jpg"><br><img title="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" alt="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/a2c34444407fddba7713379784047258.jpg"></p>
<p>
配置成功！</p>
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3 qt安装</h2>
<p>
下载好 qt-opensource-windows-x86-5.14.2.exe后，无脑next就行。但有一点需要注意。打勾的必须选上！打勾的必须选上！打勾的必须选上！</p>
<p>
<img title="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" alt="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/f0e1d68c15ae75bc6d5089f1a4255628.jpg"></p>
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4 创建一个qt工程</h2>
<p>
不会创建的童鞋可以参考qt创建工程教程。<br><strong>注意！kit必须选64bit的</strong></p>
<p>
<img title="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" alt="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/5a94d33dc6ae6ed5b2f83a5daac8160f.jpg"></p>
<p>
为了使用sql，还必须在<code>xxx.pro</code>下面添加：</p>
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<p>
qt += sql</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
接下来就可以愉快的测试了！<br>
修改<code>main.cpp</code>文件，代码如下：</p>
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<code class="sql plain">#include </code><code class="sql string">"gsql.h"</code>
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<code class="sql plain">#include <qsqldatabase></code>
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<code class="sql plain">#include <qstringlist></code>
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<code class="sql plain">#include <qdebug></code>
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<code class="sql plain">#include <qmessagebox></code>
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<code class="sql plain">#include <qtsql></code>
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<code class="sql plain">#include <qsqlquery></code>
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<code class="sql plain">#include <qapplication></code>
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<code class="sql plain">#include <iostream></code>
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<code class="sql plain">using namespace std;</code>
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<code class="sql keyword">int</code> <code class="sql plain">main(</code><code class="sql keyword">int</code> <code class="sql plain">argc, </code><code class="sql keyword">char</code> <code class="sql plain">*argv[])</code>
</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="sql plain">{</code>
</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">qapplication a(argc, argv);</code>
</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">gsql w;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">w.show();</code>
</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">qsqldatabase db = qsqldatabase::adddatabase(</code><code class="sql string">"qodbc"</code><code class="sql plain">);</code>
</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">qstring dsn = qstring::fromlocal8bit(</code><code class="sql string">"xxxx"</code><code class="sql plain">);//你在2.3中配置的data source，例如opengauss</code>
</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">qdebug()<<</code><code class="sql string">"odbc connect?"</code><code class="sql plain"><<db.isvalid();</code>
</div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">db.sethostname(</code><code class="sql string">"xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xxxx"</code><code class="sql plain">);//你的ip地址</code>
</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">db.setdatabasename(dsn);</code>
</div>
<div class="line number22 index21 alt1">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">db.setusername(</code><code class="sql string">"xxx"</code><code class="sql plain">); //用户名</code>
</div>
<div class="line number23 index22 alt2">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">db.setpassword(</code><code class="sql string">"xxxx"</code><code class="sql plain">);//密码</code>
</div>
<div class="line number24 index23 alt1">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">db.setport(26000); //opengauss端口号为26000</code>
</div>
<div class="line number25 index24 alt2">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">if(!db.</code><code class="sql keyword">open</code><code class="sql plain">())</code>
</div>
<div class="line number26 index25 alt1">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">{</code>
</div>
<div class="line number27 index26 alt2">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">qdebug()<<db.lasterror().text();</code>
</div>
<div class="line number28 index27 alt1">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">qmessagebox::critical(0, qobject::tr(</code><code class="sql string">"database error"</code><code class="sql plain">), db.lasterror().text());</code>
</div>
<div class="line number29 index28 alt2">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql keyword">return</code><code class="sql plain">;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number30 index29 alt1">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">}</code>
</div>
<div class="line number31 index30 alt2">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql keyword">else</code>
</div>
<div class="line number32 index31 alt1">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql plain">qdebug()<<</code><code class="sql string">"database open success!"</code><code class="sql plain">;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number33 index32 alt2">
<code class="sql spaces"> </code><code class="sql keyword">return</code> <code class="sql plain">a.</code><code class="sql keyword">exec</code><code class="sql plain">();</code>
</div>
<div class="line number34 index33 alt1">
<code class="sql plain">}</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
显示结果如下，就说明连接成功。否则，会弹出报错提示。</p>
<p>
<img title="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" alt="通过Qt连接OpenGauss数据库的详细教程" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/f6ade88db676488e2fae7be0953a963c.jpg"></p>
<p class="maodian">
</p>
<p class="maodian"></p><h2>
总结</h2>
<p>
如果不成功，可能的原因：</p>
<ol>
<li>
qt 的mingw选的不是64位的</li>
<li>
odbc没有按照要求配置</li>
</ol>
<p>
以上就是通过qt连接opengauss数据库的详细教程的详细内容，更多关于qt连接opengauss数据库的资料请关注其它相关文章！</p>
<p>
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43894075/article/details/117928718</p>
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