deepin 23 如何安装显卡驱动

木之森林 發表於 2026-5-5 09:02:28

<h1 style="text-align: left;">1.判断是否需要32位显卡驱动</h1>
<ul>
<li>由于部分游戏的安装器、启动器、游戏本体等组件混合使用32位与64位程序，建议同时安装64位与32位显卡驱动；</li>
<li data-source-line="3" data-source-line-end="4" data-token-idx="9">以下内容，以<code class="copy-inner-text" title="Ctrl + 单击复制">$</code>开头的部分表示需在终端内执行；</li>
</ul>
<h2>1.1 检查可执行文件</h2>
<ul>
<li>使用file命令检查exe文件，例如：</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>$ file installer.exe</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>若出现以下内容，则说明需要安装32位驱动</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>PE32 executable (GUI) Intel 80386</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>若出现以下内容，则说明需要安装64位驱动</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>PE32+ executable (GUI) x86-64</blockquote>
<h2>1.2 检查错误日志</h2>
若发现程序无法启动，可尝试以下方式排查是否缺少32位显卡驱动
点击程序图标旁的【…】，选择【高级调试工具】，如下图：
<img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-35988" src="https://www.deepin.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/wine应用右键菜单.png" alt="" width="949" height="437" srcset="https://www.deepin.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/wine应用右键菜单.png 949w, https://www.deepin.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/wine应用右键菜单-300x138.png 300w, https://www.deepin.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/wine应用右键菜单-150x69.png 150w, https://www.deepin.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/wine应用右键菜单-768x354.png 768w, https://www.deepin.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/wine应用右键菜单-24x11.png 24w, https://www.deepin.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/wine应用右键菜单-36x17.png 36w, https://www.deepin.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/wine应用右键菜单-48x22.png 48w" sizes="(max-width: 949px) 100vw, 949px" />
在弹出的窗口中右键程序图标，选择【在终端中运行】，如下图：
<img loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-35989" src="https://www.deepin.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/在终端中运行.png" alt="" width="949" height="420" srcset="https://www.deepin.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/在终端中运行.png 949w, https://www.deepin.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/在终端中运行-300x133.png 300w, https://www.deepin.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/在终端中运行-150x66.png 150w, https://www.deepin.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/在终端中运行-768x340.png 768w, https://www.deepin.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/在终端中运行-24x11.png 24w, https://www.deepin.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/在终端中运行-36x16.png 36w, https://www.deepin.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/在终端中运行-48x21.png 48w" sizes="(max-width: 949px) 100vw, 949px" />
若错误日志中出现加载/lib/i386-linux-gnu/路径下的文件失败，说明缺少32位显卡驱动
例如：
<blockquote>libGL error: MESA-LOADER: failed to open radeonsi: /usr/lib/pressure-vessel/overrides/lib/i386-linux-gnu/dri/radeonsi_dri.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory (search paths /usr/lib/pressure-vessel/overrides/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri:/usr/lib/pressure-vessel/overrides/lib/i386-linux-gnu/dri) 
libGL error: failed to load driver: radeonsi</blockquote>
 
<h1 style="text-align: left;">2.安装显卡驱动</h1>
<h2>2.1 安装64位显卡驱动</h2>
<h3>2.1.1 NVIDIA 显卡</h3>
<blockquote>$ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-full</blockquote>
<h3>2.1.2 AMD 卡或 Intel 显卡</h3>
<blockquote>$ sudo apt install mesa-vulkan-drivers libvulkan1 libglx-mesa0 libgl1-mesa-dri</blockquote>
<h3>2.1.3 检查 Vulkan 安装情况</h3>
<blockquote>$ sudo apt install vulkan-tools 
$ vkcube</blockquote>
若能显示GUI界面，则说明安装成功
说明：32位与64位vulkan-tools会相互覆盖，如需测试32位驱动，需按照说明重新安装
<h2>2.2 安装32位显卡驱动</h2>
<h3>2.2.1 启用 32 位支持</h3>
<blockquote>$ sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 
$ sudo apt update 
$ sudo apt upgrade</blockquote>
<h3>2.2.2 NVIDIA 显卡</h3>
<blockquote>$ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-full nvidia-vulkan-icd:i386 libvulkan1:i386</blockquote>
<h3>2.2.3 AMD 卡或 Intel 显卡</h3>
<blockquote>$ sudo apt install mesa-vulkan-drivers:i386 libvulkan1:i386 libglx-mesa0:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386</blockquote>
<h3>2.2.4 检查 Vulkan 安装情况</h3>
<blockquote>$ sudo apt install vulkan-tools:i386 
$ vkcube</blockquote>
若能显示GUI界面，则说明安装成功
说明：32位与64位vulkan-tools会相互覆盖，如需测试64位驱动，需按照说明重新安装3.判断显卡支持的 DXVK 与 vkd3d 版本
 
<h1>3.判断显卡支持的 DXVK 与 vkd3d 版本</h1>
<ul>
<li><code>DXVK</code> 是一个开源的翻译层，将<code>Direct3D 8/9/10/11</code>函数呼叫转换到<code>Vulkan</code></li>
<li><code>vkd3d</code> 是一个基于<code>Vulkan</code>的<code>Direct3D 12</code>图形库</li>
<li>可通过以下步骤检查显卡支持的<code>DXVK</code>与<code>vkd3d</code>版本，并安装尽可能新的版本</li>
</ul>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 753.02pt;" border="0" width="1004" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 16.50pt;">
<td class="et2" style="height: 16.50pt; width: 124.50pt;" width="166" height="22">组件名称</td>
<td class="et2" style="width: 159.75pt;" width="213">DXVK</td>
<td class="et2" style="width: 54.00pt;" width="72">DXVK</td>
<td class="et2" style="width: 168.00pt;" width="224">vkd3d</td>
<td class="et2" style="width: 246.75pt;" width="329">vkd3d</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.50pt;">
<td class="et2" style="height: 16.50pt;" height="22">组件版本</td>
<td class="et2">2.x</td>
<td class="et2">1.x</td>
<td class="et2">≥ 2.9</td>
<td class="et2">≤ 2.8</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.50pt;">
<td class="et2" style="height: 16.50pt;" height="22">Vulkan API</td>
<td class="et2">≥ 1.3</td>
<td class="et2">≥ 1.1</td>
<td class="et2">≥ 1.3</td>
<td class="et2">≥ 1.1</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 195.00pt;">
<td class="et2" style="height: 195.00pt;" height="260">Vulkan 扩展</td>
<td class="et4" style="width: 159.75pt;" width="213">VK_EXT_robustness2 
VK_EXT_transform_feedback</td>
<td class="et5"></td>
<td class="et4" style="width: 168.00pt;" width="224">VK_EXT_robustness2 
VK_KHR_push_descriptor</td>
<td class="et4" style="width: 246.75pt;" width="329">VK_EXT_descriptor_indexing 
VK_KHR_timeline_semaphore 
VK_KHR_sampler_mirror_clamp_to_edge 
VK_EXT_robustness2 
VK_KHR_separate_depth_stencil_layouts 
VK_KHR_bind_memory2 
VK_KHR_copy_commands2 
VK_KHR_dynamic_rendering 
VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state 
VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state2 
VK_KHR_buffer_device_address 
VK_KHR_push_descriptor</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 205.00pt;">
<td class="et6" style="height: 205.00pt; width: 124.50pt;" width="166" height="273">Vulkan 扩展 
检查方法</td>
<td class="et4" style="width: 159.75pt;" width="213">$ vulkaninfo | grep -E "VK_EXT_robustness2| 
VK_EXT_transform_feedback"</td>
<td class="et7" style="width: 54.00pt;" width="72"></td>
<td class="et4" style="width: 168.00pt;" width="224">$ vulkaninfo | grep -E "VK_EXT_robustness2| 
VK_KHR_push_descriptor"</td>
<td class="et4" style="width: 246.75pt;" width="329">$ vulkaninfo | grep -E "VK_EXT_descriptor_indexing| 
VK_KHR_timeline_semaphore| 
VK_KHR_sampler_mirror_clamp_to_edge| 
VK_EXT_robustness2| 
VK_KHR_separate_depth_stencil_layouts| 
VK_KHR_bind_memory2| 
VK_KHR_copy_commands2| 
VK_KHR_dynamic_rendering| 
VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state| 
VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state2| 
VK_KHR_buffer_device_address| 
VK_KHR_push_descriptor"</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 63.00pt;">
<td class="et2" style="height: 63.00pt;" height="84">Vulkan 特性</td>
<td class="et4" style="width: 159.75pt;" width="213"></td>
<td class="et4" style="width: 54.00pt;" width="72"></td>
<td class="et4" style="width: 168.00pt;" width="224">samplerMirrorClampToEdge 
shaderDrawParameters</td>
<td class="et4" style="width: 246.75pt;" width="329">VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 73.00pt;">
<td class="et6" style="height: 73.00pt; width: 124.50pt;" width="166" height="97">Vulkan 特性 
检查方法</td>
<td class="et7" style="width: 159.75pt;" width="213"></td>
<td class="et7" style="width: 54.00pt;" width="72"></td>
<td class="et4" style="width: 168.00pt;" width="224">$ vulkaninfo | grep -E "samplerMirrorClampToEdge| 
shaderDrawParameters"</td>
<td class="et4" style="width: 246.75pt;" width="329">$ vulkaninfo | grep -A 22 "VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures"</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
 
<ul>
<li>
<h2>3.1 检查 Vulkan API 版本</h2>
</li>
<li>安装 Vulkan 相关工具</li>
</ul>
<blockquote># 64位
$ sudo apt install vulkan-tools
# 32位
$ sudo apt install vulkan-tools:i386</blockquote>
检查 Vulkan API 版本
<blockquote>$ vulkaninfo | grep "apiVersion"</blockquote>
<h2>3.2 DXVK</h2>
可尽量选择新的dxvk版本
<h3>3.2.1 DXVK 2.x 版本</h3>
<ul>
<li>需要 Vulkan API ≥ 1.3</li>
<li>需要VK_EXT_robustness2扩展</li>
<li>需要VK_EXT_transform_feedback扩展</li>
</ul>
检查拓展
* 若拓展未出现，则说明不支持拓展
<blockquote>$ vulkaninfo | grep -E "VK_EXT_robustness2|VK_EXT_transform_feedback" 
VK_EXT_robustness2 : extension revision 1 
VK_EXT_transform_feedback : extension revision 1</blockquote>
<h3>3.2.2 DXVK 1.x 版本</h3>
需要 Vulkan API ≥ 1.1
<h2>3.3 vkd3d</h2>
可尽量选择新的vkd3d版本
<h3>3.3.1 vkd3d ≥ 2.9 版本</h3>
<ul>
<li>需要 Vulkan API ≥ 1.3</li>
<li>需要 samplerMirrorClampToEdge特性</li>
<li>需要 shaderDrawParameters特性</li>
<li>需要 VK_EXT_robustness2扩展</li>
<li>需要 VK_KHR_push_descriptor扩展</li>
</ul>
检查拓展
* 若拓展未出现，则说明不支持拓展
<blockquote>$ vulkaninfo | grep -E "VK_EXT_robustness2|VK_KHR_push_descriptor" 
VK_EXT_robustness2 : extension revision 1 
VK_KHR_push_descriptor : extension revision 2</blockquote>
检查特性
* 若特性出现false，则说明支持的特性不完整
<blockquote>$ vulkaninfo | grep -E "samplerMirrorClampToEdge|shaderDrawParameters" 
shaderDrawParameters = true 
shaderDrawParameters = true 
samplerMirrorClampToEdge = true</blockquote>
<h3>3.3.2 vkd3d ≤ 2.8 版本</h3>
<ul>
<li>需要 Vulkan API ≥ 1.1</li>
<li>需要 VK_EXT_descriptor_indexing扩展</li>
<li>需要 VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures全部特性</li>
<li>需要 VK_KHR_timeline_semaphore扩展</li>
<li>需要 VK_KHR_sampler_mirror_clamp_to_edge扩展</li>
<li>需要 VK_EXT_robustness2扩展</li>
<li>需要 VK_KHR_separate_depth_stencil_layouts扩展</li>
<li>需要 VK_KHR_bind_memory2扩展</li>
<li>需要 VK_KHR_copy_commands2扩展</li>
<li>需要 VK_KHR_dynamic_rendering扩展</li>
<li>需要 VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state扩展</li>
<li>需要 VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state2扩展</li>
<li>需要 VK_KHR_buffer_device_address扩展</li>
<li>需要 VK_KHR_push_descriptor扩展</li>
</ul>
检查拓展
* 若拓展未出现，则说明不支持拓展
<blockquote>$ vulkaninfo | grep -E "VK_EXT_descriptor_indexing|VK_KHR_timeline_semaphore|VK_KHR_sampler_mirror_clamp_to_edge|VK_EXT_robustness2|VK_KHR_separate_depth_stencil_layouts|VK_KHR_bind_memory2|VK_KHR_copy_commands2|VK_KHR_dynamic_rendering|VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state|VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state2|VK_KHR_buffer_device_address|VK_KHR_push_descriptor" 
VK_EXT_descriptor_indexing : extension revision 2 
VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state : extension revision 1 
VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state2 : extension revision 1 
VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state3 : extension revision 2 
VK_EXT_robustness2 : extension revision 1 
VK_KHR_bind_memory2 : extension revision 1 
VK_KHR_buffer_device_address : extension revision 1 
VK_KHR_copy_commands2 : extension revision 1 
VK_KHR_dynamic_rendering : extension revision 1 
VK_KHR_dynamic_rendering_local_read : extension revision 1 
VK_KHR_push_descriptor : extension revision 2 
VK_KHR_sampler_mirror_clamp_to_edge : extension revision 3 
VK_KHR_separate_depth_stencil_layouts : extension revision 1 
VK_KHR_timeline_semaphore : extension revision 2</blockquote>
检查特性
* 若特性出现false，则说明支持的特性不完整
<blockquote>$ vulkaninfo | grep -A 22 "VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures" 
VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures: 
------------------------------------------- 
shaderInputAttachmentArrayDynamicIndexing = true 
shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing = true 
shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing = true 
shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing = true 
shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing = true 
shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing = true 
shaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexing = true 
shaderInputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexing = true 
shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing = true 
shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing = true 
descriptorBindingUniformBufferUpdateAfterBind = true 
descriptorBindingSampledImageUpdateAfterBind = true 
descriptorBindingStorageImageUpdateAfterBind = true 
descriptorBindingStorageBufferUpdateAfterBind = true 
descriptorBindingUniformTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind = true 
descriptorBindingStorageTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind = true 
descriptorBindingUpdateUnusedWhilePending = true 
descriptorBindingPartiallyBound = true 
descriptorBindingVariableDescriptorCount = true 
runtimeDescriptorArray = true</blockquote>
 
<h1 style="text-align: left;">4.其它问题</h1>
<h2>4.1 AMD显卡： Southern Islands (SI) 和 Sea Islands (CIK)</h2>
该系列显卡同时支持radeon与amdgpu驱动，需切换至radeon驱动
使用以下命令检查当前使用的显卡驱动
<blockquote>$ lspci -k | grep -A 3 -E "(VGA|3D)"</blockquote>
若显示以下内容，则说明显卡不支持 Vulkan API
<blockquote>Kernel driver in use: radeon 
Kernel modules: radeon</blockquote>
若显示以下内容，则说明需切换显卡驱动至amdgpu
<blockquote>Kernel driver in use: radeon 
Kernel modules: radeon, amdgpu</blockquote>
<h3>4.1.1 方法1</h3>
<ul>
<li>编辑内核启动参数</li>
<li>
<blockquote>$ sudo vim /etc/default/grub</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
在GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT后的双引号内添加以下内容，需与已有内容以空格分隔
<blockquote>radeon.si_support=0 amdgpu.si_support=1 radeon.cik_support=0 amdgpu.cik_support=1</blockquote>
更新grub
<blockquote>$ sudo update-grub</blockquote>
重启 reboot
再次检查显卡驱动，若显示以下内容，则说明切换成功
<blockquote>Kernel driver in use: amdgpu 
Kernel modules: radeon, amdgpu</blockquote>
<h3>4.1.2 方法2</h3>
创建/etc/modprobe.d/amdgpu.conf配置文件
<blockquote>$ sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/amdgpu.conf 
options amdgpu si_support=1 
options amdgpu cik_support=1</blockquote>
创建/etc/modprobe.d/radeon.conf配置文件
<blockquote>$ sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/radeon.conf 
options radeon si_support=0 
options radeon cik_support=0</blockquote>
更新initramfs
<blockquote>$ sudo update-initramfs -u</blockquote>
重启 reboot
再次检查显卡驱动，若显示以下内容，则说明切换成功
<blockquote>Kernel driver in use: amdgpu 
Kernel modules: radeon, amdgpu</blockquote>
 
<h1>5.参考文档</h1>
<ul>
<li>DXVK: Driver support https://github.com/doitsujin/dxvk/wiki/Driver-support</li>
<li>vkd3d: Drivers https://github.com/HansKristian-Work/vkd3d-proton/?tab=readme-ov-file#drivers</li>
<li>vkd3d v2.8: Drivers https://github.com/HansKristian-Work/vkd3d-proton/tree/v2.8?tab=readme-ov-file#drivers</li>
<li>AMDGPU: 开启 Southern Islands (SI) 和 Sea Islands (CIK) 支持 https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/AMDGPU</li>
</ul>
</div>

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deepin 23 如何安装显卡驱动