阿里云CentOS挂载新数据盘的方法
<p>在阿里云 Linux 服务器下挂载新的数据盘和自己本机 Linux 环境挂载新硬盘基本是一样的，基本上步骤包括：查看硬盘标识，分区，格式化，挂载等。本文记录下在阿里云 CentOS 服务器下安装和挂载新的数据盘的详细命令和步骤。</p>
<p>
<strong>fdisk -l 查看磁盘列表</strong></p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterplain" id="highlighter_217169">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
4</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
5</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
6</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
7</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
8</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
9</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
10</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
11</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
12</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
13</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
14</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
15</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
16</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">[ /]# fdisk -l</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">磁盘 /dev/vda：42.9 GB, 42949672960 字节，83886080 个扇区</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节</code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">磁盘标签类型：dos</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">磁盘标识符：0x635e6c7d</code>
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System</code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">/dev/vda1 2048 83886079 41942016 83 Linux</code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">磁盘 /dev/vdb：107.4 GB, 107374182400 字节，209715200 个扇区</code>
</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes</code>
</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节</code>
</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
发现 /dev/vdb 设备还未使用</p>
<p>
<strong>分区 fdisk /dev/vdb</strong></p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterplain" id="highlighter_986553">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
4</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
5</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
6</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
7</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
8</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
9</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
10</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
11</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
12</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
13</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
14</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
15</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
16</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
17</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
18</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
19</div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
20</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
21</div>
<div class="line number22 index21 alt1">
22</div>
<div class="line number23 index22 alt2">
23</div>
<div class="line number24 index23 alt1">
24</div>
<div class="line number25 index24 alt2">
25</div>
<div class="line number26 index25 alt1">
26</div>
<div class="line number27 index26 alt2">
27</div>
<div class="line number28 index27 alt1">
28</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">依次输入 n p 1，然后输入两次回车，再输入 wq，等待完成。</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">[ /]# fdisk /dev/vdb</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。</code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">使用写入命令前请三思。</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">Device does not contain a recognized partition table</code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">使用磁盘标识符 0xe9d7e5a8 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。</code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n</code>
</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">Partition type:</code>
</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)</code>
</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">e extended</code>
</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">Select (default p): p</code>
</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：1</code>
</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">起始 扇区 (2048-209715199，默认为 2048)：</code>
</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">将使用默认值 2048</code>
</div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-209715199，默认为 209715199)：</code>
</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">将使用默认值 209715199</code>
</div>
<div class="line number22 index21 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 100 GiB</code>
</div>
<div class="line number23 index22 alt2">
</div>
<div class="line number24 index23 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：wq</code>
</div>
<div class="line number25 index24 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">The partition table has been altered!</code>
</div>
<div class="line number26 index25 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number27 index26 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.</code>
</div>
<div class="line number28 index27 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">正在同步磁盘。</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<strong>fdisk -l 重新查看磁盘列表</strong></p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterplain" id="highlighter_594403">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
4</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
5</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
6</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
7</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
8</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
9</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
10</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
11</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
12</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
13</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
14</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
15</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
16</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
17</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
18</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
19</div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
20</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
21</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">[ /]# fdisk -l</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">磁盘 /dev/vda：42.9 GB, 42949672960 字节，83886080 个扇区</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节</code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">磁盘标签类型：dos</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">磁盘标识符：0x635e6c7d</code>
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System</code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">/dev/vda1 2048 83886079 41942016 83 Linux</code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">磁盘 /dev/vdb：107.4 GB, 107374182400 字节，209715200 个扇区</code>
</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes</code>
</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节</code>
</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节</code>
</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">磁盘标签类型：dos</code>
</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">磁盘标识符：0xe9d7e5a8</code>
</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
</div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System</code>
</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">/dev/vdb1 2048 209715199 104856576 83 Linux</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<strong>格式化分区 mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1</strong></p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterplain" id="highlighter_349713">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
4</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
5</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
6</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
7</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
8</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
9</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
10</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
11</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
12</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
13</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
14</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
15</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
16</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
17</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
18</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
19</div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
20</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
21</div>
<div class="line number22 index21 alt1">
22</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">[ /]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)</code>
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">文件系统标签=</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">OS type: Linux</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">块大小=4096 (log=2)</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">分块大小=4096 (log=2)</code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">6553600 inodes, 26214144 blocks</code>
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">1310707 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user</code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">第一个数据块=0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">Maximum filesystem blocks=2174746624</code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">800 block groups</code>
</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group</code>
</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">8192 inodes per group</code>
</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">Superblock backups stored on blocks: </code>
</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, </code>
</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872</code>
</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">Allocating group tables: 完成 </code>
</div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">正在写入inode表: 完成 </code>
</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成</code>
</div>
<div class="line number22 index21 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
此数据盘被格式化成 ext4 文件格式。</p>
<p>
<strong>将设备挂载到指定的目录下</strong></p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_961971">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">mount</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/vdb1</code> <code class="bash plain">/home</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
这里以挂载到 /home 目录为例。</p>
<p>
保存到文件系统表 /etc/fstab</p>
<p>
当系统重新启动的时候，系统会自动地从这个文件读取信息，并且会自动将此文件中指定的文件系统挂载到指定的目录。</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_615090">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/vdb1</code> <code class="bash plain">/home</code> <code class="bash plain">ext4 defaults 0 0 >> </code><code class="bash plain">/etc/fstab</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
至此，全部设置完毕。</p>
<p>
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。</p>
<p>
原文链接：https://buzheng.org/2017/20171206-阿里云CentOS挂载新数据盘.html</p>
頁:
[1]