阿里云服务器CentOS服务器初始化设置步骤
<p> CentOS服务器初始化设置其实不分阿里云或其它服务器了，操作配置过程与步骤也差不多，下面和小编一起来看看。<br/><strong>一、挂载硬盘</strong></p><p>
1、磁盘分区</p><p>
fdisk -l #查看设备，一般可以看到设备名为/dev/xvdb</p><p>
fdisk /dev/xvdb #对磁盘进行分区</p><p>
输入n #创建新分区</p><p>
输入p #创建主分区</p><p>
输入1 #创建第一个主分区</p><p>
输入w #保存并执行以上命令，创建分区</p><p>
待上面的命令执行完成之后，使用fdisk -l查看，会看到类似</p><p>
/dev/xvdb1的分区</p><p>
说明分区成功。</p><p><strong>2、磁盘格式化</strong></p><p>
mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1 #对分区进行格式化</p><p>
说明：ext4是CentOS6.x默认的分区格式，CentOS5.x请使用ext3</p><p>
待格式化完成之后（根据分区大小，格式化需要的时间不同，请耐心等待），对分区进行挂载</p><p><strong>3、挂载磁盘</strong></p><p>
例如：要把/dev/xvdb1挂载到/data目录</p><p>
mkdir -p /data #创建目录</p><p>
mount /dev/xvdb1 /data #挂载</p><p>
df -h #查看挂载结果</p><p>
vi /etc/fstab #设置开机自动挂载，在最后一行输入以下代码</p><p>
/dev/xvdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0</p><p>
:wq! #保存退出</p><p>
mount -a #使分区设置立即生效</p><p>下面是服务器之家小编特为大家分享的一些内容，方便大家参考学习</p><p><strong>修改语言环境</strong><br/>
# sudo vim /etc/sysconfig/i18n<br/>
将将zh_CH修改为"en_US.UTF-8"</p><p><strong>搭建yum本地源</strong></p><p>
方法待续</p><p><strong>vsftpd安装配置</strong><br/>
参考：CentOS配置VSFTP服务器<br/>
yum install vsftpd</p><p><strong>设置vsftpd开机启动</strong></p><p>
Last login: Tue Aug 12 08:21:26 2014 from l-001812.lan<br/>
# chkconfig --list|grep vsftpd<br/>
vsftpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off<br/>
# chkconfig vsftpd on<br/>
# chkconfig --list|grep vsftpd<br/>
vsftpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off<br/>
#<br/><strong>配置防火墙</strong><br/>
打开/etc/sysconfig/iptables文件</p><p>
1.vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables<br/>
在REJECT行之前添加如下代码</p><p>
1.-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT<br/>
保存和关闭文件，重启防火墙</p><p>
1.service iptables restart<br/>
创建ftp连接，连接模式为主动，字符集为utf8（可选）</p><p>
</p><h3>
修改ftp访问权限</h3><div>
使用命令getsebool -a|grep ftp 查看</div><div>
# getsebool -a|grep ftp<br/>
allow_ftpd_anon_write --> off<br/>allow_ftpd_full_access --> off<br/>
allow_ftpd_use_cifs --> off<br/>
allow_ftpd_use_nfs --> off<br/>ftp_home_dir --> off<br/>
ftpd_connect_db --> off<br/>
ftpd_use_fusefs --> off<br/>
ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off<br/>
httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off<br/>
tftp_anon_write --> off<br/>
tftp_use_cifs --> off<br/>
tftp_use_nfs --> off</div><div>
</div><div>
查看上述红色是否为on </div><div>
如果不是则使用</div><div>
setsebool allow_ftpd_full_access on </div><div>
setsebool ftp_home_dir on</div><div>
</div><div>
# getsebool -a|grep ftp<br/>
allow_ftpd_anon_write --> off<br/>allow_ftpd_full_access --> on<br/>
allow_ftpd_use_cifs --> off<br/>
allow_ftpd_use_nfs --> off<br/>ftp_home_dir --> on<br/>
ftpd_connect_db --> off<br/>
ftpd_use_fusefs --> off<br/>
ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off<br/>
httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off<br/>
tftp_anon_write --> off<br/>
tftp_use_cifs --> off<br/>
tftp_use_nfs --> off</div><div>
</div><div class="jb51code"><div><div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_609748"><div class="toolbar">?</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1">2</div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2">3</div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1">4</div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2">5</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="bash functions">vi</code> <code class="bash plain">/etc/profile</code> <code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">在文件尾增加内容</code></div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class="bash comments">#set Java environment </code></div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><code class="bash functions">export</code> <code class="bash plain">JAVA_HOME=</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/java</code></div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="bash functions">export</code> <code class="bash plain">CLASSPATH=./:$JAVA_HOME</code><code class="bash plain">/lib</code><code class="bash plain">:$JAVA_HOME</code><code class="bash plain">/jre/lib</code></div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="bash functions">export</code> <code class="bash plain">PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="codetool" id="codetool"><div class="code_n"></div></div></div><p><strong>设置静态ip地址</strong><br/>
CentOS在桌面环境下设定了ip地址，但是重启以后通过ssh无法登陆，必须在桌面下登陆账户，启动eth0以后才能被ping通。所以在桌面下设置不能够开机启用网卡，必须得修改配置文件才可以。</p><p>
如果我们想更改主机地址为静态地址或者更改主机名，需要修改的几个文件包括：<br/>
/etc/sysconfig/network 设置主机名和网络配置<br/>
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 针对特定的网卡进行设置<br/>
/etc/resolv.conf 设置DNS<br/>
/etc/hosts 设置指定的域名解析地址</p><p>
一般我们只需要修改网卡的配置文件ifcfg-eth0就可以了。修改方法如下</p><p>vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0</p><p>
编辑配置文件</p><div class="jb51code"><div><div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_28455"><div class="toolbar">?</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1">2</div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2">3</div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1">4</div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2">5</div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1">6</div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2">7</div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1">8</div><div class="line number9 index8 alt2">9</div><div class="line number10 index9 alt1">10</div><div class="line number11 index10 alt2">11</div><div class="line number12 index11 alt1">12</div><div class="line number13 index12 alt2">13</div><div class="line number14 index13 alt1">14</div><div class="line number15 index14 alt2">15</div><div class="line number16 index15 alt1">16</div><div class="line number17 index16 alt2">17</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0</code></div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><code class="bash plain">DEVICE=eth0 </code></div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="bash plain">TYPE=Ethernet</code></div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="bash plain">UUID=1e3f09ce-74aa-4d8b-9988-a6db9aef4d32</code></div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1"><code class="bash plain">ONBOOT=</code><code class="bash functions">yes</code></div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2"><code class="bash plain">NM_CONTROLLED=</code><code class="bash functions">yes</code></div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1"><code class="bash plain">BOOTPROTO=static</code></div><div class="line number9 index8 alt2"><code class="bash plain">HWADDR=00:50:56:B8:37:90</code></div><div class="line number10 index9 alt1"><code class="bash plain">IPADDR=10.138.16.144</code></div><div class="line number11 index10 alt2"><code class="bash plain">NETMASK=255.255.255.0</code></div><div class="line number12 index11 alt1"><code class="bash plain">PREFIX=24</code></div><div class="line number13 index12 alt2"><code class="bash plain">GATEWAY=10.138.16.254</code></div><div class="line number14 index13 alt1"><code class="bash plain">DEFROUTE=</code><code class="bash functions">yes</code></div><div class="line number15 index14 alt2"><code class="bash plain">IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=</code><code class="bash functions">yes</code></div><div class="line number16 index15 alt1"><code class="bash plain">IPV6INIT=no</code></div><div class="line number17 index16 alt2"><code class="bash plain">NAME=</code><code class="bash string">"System eth0"</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="codetool" id="codetool"><div class="code_n"></div></div></div><p>
解释</p><div class="jb51code"><div><div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_883"><div class="toolbar">?</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1">2</div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2">3</div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1">4</div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2">5</div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1">6</div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2">7</div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1">8</div><div class="line number9 index8 alt2">9</div><div class="line number10 index9 alt1">10</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="bash plain">DEVICE=eth0 </code><code class="bash comments">#描述网卡对应的设备别名，例如ifcfg-eth0的文件中它为eth0</code></div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class="bash plain">BOOTPROTO=static </code><code class="bash comments">#设置网卡获得ip地址的方式，可能的选项为static，dhcp或bootp，分别对应静态指定的 ip地址，通过dhcp协议获得的ip地址，通过bootp协议获得的ip地址</code></div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><code class="bash plain">BROADCAST=192.168.0.255 </code><code class="bash comments">#对应的子网广播地址</code></div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="bash plain">HWADDR=00:07:E9:05:E8:B4 </code><code class="bash comments">#对应的网卡物理地址</code></div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="bash plain">IPADDR=12.168.1.2 </code><code class="bash comments">#ip地址</code></div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1"><code class="bash plain">IPV6INIT=no </code><code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">可以加上，也可以不加</code></div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2"><code class="bash plain">IPV6_AUTOCONF=no </code><code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">同上</code></div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1"><code class="bash plain">NETMASK=255.255.255.0 </code><code class="bash comments">#网卡对应的网络掩码</code></div><div class="line number9 index8 alt2"><code class="bash plain">GATEWAY=10.138.16.254 </code><code class="bash comments">#网关</code></div><div class="line number10 index9 alt1"><code class="bash plain">ONBOOT=</code><code class="bash functions">yes</code> <code class="bash comments">#系统启动时是否设置此网络接口，设置为yes时，系统启动时激活此设备</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="codetool" id="codetool"><div class="code_n"></div></div></div><p>
重启使配置生效</p><p>
service network restart</p>
頁:
[1]