详解在Linux下9个有用的touch命令示例
<p>touch 命令用于创建空文件，也可以更改 Unix 和 Linux 系统上现有文件时间戳。这里所说的更改时间戳意味着更新文件和目录的访问以及修改时间。</p>
<p>
让我们来看看 touch 命令的语法和选项：</p>
<p>
语法：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
# touch {选项} {文件}</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
touch 命令中使用的选项：</p>
<p>
<img title="详解在Linux下9个有用的touch命令示例" alt="详解在Linux下9个有用的touch命令示例" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/89d9521c1eb5dda286418023be555d26.jpg"></p>
<p>
在这篇文章中，我们将介绍 Linux 中 9 个有用的 touch 命令示例。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>示例：1 使用 touch 创建一个空文件</strong></span></p>
<p>
要在 Linux 系统上使用 touch 命令创建空文件，键入 touch ，然后输入文件名。如下所示：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># touch devops.txt</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ls -l devops.txt</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 29 22:39 devops.txt</code>
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<span><strong>示例：2 使用 touch 创建批量空文件</strong></span></p>
<p>
可能会出现一些情况，我们必须为某些测试创建大量空文件，这可以使用 touch 命令轻松实现：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># touch sysadm-{1..20}.txt</code>
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在上面的例子中，我们创建了 20 个名为 sysadm-1.txt 到 sysadm-20.txt 的空文件，你可以根据需要更改名称和数字。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>示例：3 改变/更新文件和目录的访问时间</strong></span></p>
<p>
假设我们想要改变名为 devops.txt 文件的访问时间，在 touch 命令中使用 -a 选项，然后输入文件名。如下所示：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># touch -a devops.txt</code>
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<p>
现在使用 stat 命令验证文件的访问时间是否已更新：</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># stat devops.txt</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">File: 'devops.txt'</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Device: fd00h/64768d Inode: 67324178 Links: 1</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Context: unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Access: 2018-03-29 23:03:10.902000000 -0400</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Modify: 2018-03-29 22:39:29.365000000 -0400</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Change: 2018-03-29 23:03:10.902000000 -0400</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">Birth: -</code>
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<p>
改变目录的访问时间：</p>
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假设我们在 /mnt 目录下有一个 nfsshare 文件夹，让我们用下面的命令改变这个文件夹的访问时间：</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># touch -m /mnt/nfsshare/</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># stat /mnt/nfsshare/</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">File: '/mnt/nfsshare/'</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">Size: 6 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 directory</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Device: fd00h/64768d Inode: 2258 Links: 2</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Context: unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Access: 2018-03-29 23:34:38.095000000 -0400</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Modify: 2018-03-03 10:42:45.194000000 -0500</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Change: 2018-03-29 23:34:38.095000000 -0400</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">Birth: -</code>
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<span><strong>示例：4 更改访问时间而不用创建新文件</strong></span></p>
<p>
在某些情况下，如果文件存在，我们希望更改文件的访问时间，并避免创建文件。在 touch 命令中使用 -c 选项即可，如果文件存在，那么我们可以改变文件的访问时间，如果不存在，我们也可不会创建它。</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># touch -c sysadm-20.txt</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># touch -c winadm-20.txt</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ls -l winadm-20.txt</code>
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<code class="bash functions">ls</code><code class="bash plain">: cannot access winadm-20.txt: No such </code><code class="bash functions">file</code> <code class="bash plain">or directory</code>
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<span><strong>示例：5 更改文件和目录的修改时间</strong></span></p>
<p>
在 touch 命令中使用 -m 选项，我们可以更改文件和目录的修改时间。</p>
<p>
让我们更改名为 devops.txt 文件的更改时间：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># touch -m devops.txt</code>
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<p>
现在使用 stat 命令来验证修改时间是否改变：</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># stat devops.txt</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">File: 'devops.txt'</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Device: fd00h/64768d Inode: 67324178 Links: 1</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Context: unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Access: 2018-03-29 23:03:10.902000000 -0400</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Modify: 2018-03-29 23:59:49.106000000 -0400</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Change: 2018-03-29 23:59:49.106000000 -0400</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">Birth: -</code>
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同样的，我们可以改变一个目录的修改时间：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># touch -m /mnt/nfsshare/</code>
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使用 stat 交叉验证访问和修改时间：</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># stat devops.txt</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">File: 'devops.txt'</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Device: fd00h/64768d Inode: 67324178 Links: 1</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Context: unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Access: 2018-03-30 00:06:20.145000000 -0400</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Modify: 2018-03-30 00:06:20.145000000 -0400</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Change: 2018-03-30 00:06:20.145000000 -0400</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">Birth: -</code>
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<span><strong>示例：7 将访问和修改时间设置为特定的日期和时间</strong></span></p>
<p>
每当我们使用 touch 命令更改文件和目录的访问和修改时间时，它将当前时间设置为该文件或目录的访问和修改时间。</p>
<p>
假设我们想要将特定的日期和时间设置为文件的访问和修改时间，这可以使用 touch 命令中的 -c 和 -t 选项来实现。</p>
<p>
日期和时间可以使用以下格式指定：</p>
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<p>
{CCYY}MMDDhhmm.ss</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
其中：</p>
<ol>
<li>
CC – 年份的前两位数字</li>
<li>
YY – 年份的后两位数字</li>
<li>
MM – 月份 (01-12)</li>
<li>
DD – 天 (01-31)</li>
<li>
hh – 小时 (00-23)</li>
<li>
mm – 分钟 (00-59)</li>
</ol>
<p>
让我们将 devops.txt 文件的访问和修改时间设置为未来的一个时间（2025 年 10 月 19 日 18 时 20 分）。</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># touch -c -t 202510191820 devops.txt</code>
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<p>
使用 stat 命令查看更新访问和修改时间：</p>
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<img title="详解在Linux下9个有用的touch命令示例" alt="详解在Linux下9个有用的touch命令示例" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/3607ef6320cbba4b1baca0760e2d0eb0.jpg"></p>
<p>
根据日期字符串设置访问和修改时间，在 touch 命令中使用 -d 选项，然后指定日期字符串，后面跟文件名。如下所示：</p>
<p>
</p>
<div class="codetitle">
<span><u>复制代码</u></span> 代码如下:</div>
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# touch -c -d "2010-02-07 20:15:12.000000000 +0530" sysadm-29.txt</div>
<br><p>
</p>
<p>
使用 stat 命令验证文件的状态：</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># stat sysadm-20.txt</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">File: ‘sysadm-20.txt'</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Device: fd00h/64768d Inode: 67324189 Links: 1</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Context: unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Access: 2010-02-07 20:15:12.000000000 +0530</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Modify: 2010-02-07 20:15:12.000000000 +0530</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Change: 2018-03-30 10:23:31.584000000 +0530</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">Birth: -</code>
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注意：在上述命令中，如果我们不指定 -c ，如果系统中不存在该文件那么 touch 命令将创建一个新文件，并将时间戳设置为命令中给出的。</p>
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<span><strong>示例：8 使用参考文件设置时间戳（-r）</strong></span></p>
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在 touch 命令中，我们可以使用参考文件来设置文件或目录的时间戳。假设我想在 devops.txt 文件上设置与文件 sysadm-20.txt 文件相同的时间戳， touch 命令中使用 -r 选项可以轻松实现。</p>
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语法：</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># touch -r {参考文件} 真正文件</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># touch -r sysadm-20.txt devops.txt</code>
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<span><strong>示例：9 在符号链接文件上更改访问和修改时间</strong></span></p>
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默认情况下，每当我们尝试使用 touch 命令更改符号链接文件的时间戳时，它只会更改原始文件的时间戳。如果你想更改符号链接文件的时间戳，则可以使用 touch 命令中的 -h 选项来实现。</p>
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语法：</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># touch -h {符号链接文件}</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ls -l /root/linuxgeeks.txt</code>
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<code class="bash plain">lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Mar 30 10:56 </code><code class="bash plain">/root/linuxgeeks</code><code class="bash plain">.txt -> linuxadmins.txt</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># touch -t 203010191820 -h linuxgeeks.txt</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ls -l linuxgeeks.txt</code>
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<code class="bash plain">lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Oct 19 2030 linuxgeeks.txt -> linuxadmins.txt</code>
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这就是本教程的全部了。我希望这些例子能帮助你理解 touch 命令。以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。</p>
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原文链接：https://linux.cn/article-9597-1.html</p>
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