Linux命令行上如何使用日历详解

贾雨石 發表於 2023-5-25 00:00:00

<p>
<span><strong>前言</strong></span></p>
<p>
通过 Linux 上的日历，不仅仅可以提醒你今天是星期几。诸如 date、cal、 ncal 和 calendar 等命令可以提供很多有用信息。</p>
<p>
Linux 系统可以为你的日程安排提供更多帮助，而不仅仅是提醒你今天是星期几。日历显示有很多选项 —— 有些可能很有帮助，有些可能会让你大开眼界。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>日期</strong></span></p>
<p>
首先，你可能知道可以使用 date 命令显示当前日期。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">date</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Mon Mar 26 08:01:41 EDT 2018</code>
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<span><strong>cal 和 ncal</strong></span></p>
<p>
你可以使用 cal 命令显示整个月份。没有参数时，cal 显示当前月份，默认情况下，通过反转前景色和背景颜色来突出显示当天。</p>
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<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cal</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">March 2018</code>
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<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa</code>
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<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces">  </code><code class="bash plain">1 2 3</code>
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<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">4 5 6 7 8 9 10</code>
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<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">11 12 13 14 15 16 17</code>
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<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">18 19 20 21 22 23 24</code>
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<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">25 26 27 28 29 30 31</code>
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<p>
如果你想以“横向”格式显示当前月份，则可以使用 ncal 命令。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ ncal</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">March 2018</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Su 4 11 18 25</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Mo 5 12 19 26</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Tu 6 13 20 27</code>
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<code class="bash plain">We 7 14 21 28</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Th 1 8 15 22 29</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Fr 2 9 16 23 30</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Sa 3 10 17 24 31</code>
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<p>
例如，如果你只想查看特定周几的日期，这个命令可能特别有用。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ ncal | </code><code class="bash functions">grep</code> <code class="bash plain">Th</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Th 1 8 15 22 29</code>
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<p>
ncal 命令还可以以“横向”格式显示一整年，只需在命令后提供年份。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ ncal 2018</code>
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<code class="bash spaces">     </code><code class="bash plain">2018</code>
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<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">January February March April</code>
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<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Su 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29</code>
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<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">Mo 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30</code>
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<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Tu 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24</code>
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<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">We 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25</code>
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<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Th 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26</code>
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<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">Fr 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27</code>
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<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Sa 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28</code>
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<code class="bash plain">...</code>
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<p>
你也可以使用 cal 命令显示一整年。请记住，你需要输入年份的四位数字。如果你输入 cal 18，你将获得公元 18 年的历年，而不是 2018 年。</p>
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22</div>
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23</div>
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24</div>
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25</div>
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26</div>
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27</div>
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28</div>
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29</div>
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30</div>
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32</div>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cal</code> <code class="bash plain">2018</code>
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<code class="bash spaces">    </code><code class="bash plain">2018</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">January February March</code>
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<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa</code>
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<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 3</code>
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<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4 5 6 7 8 9 10</code>
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<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 12 13 14 15 16 17</code>
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<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 18 19 20 21 22 23 24</code>
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<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 25 26 27 28 29 30 31</code>
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<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">April   May   June</code>
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<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa</code>
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<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5   1 2</code>
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<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9</code>
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<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16</code>
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<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23</code>
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<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">29 30   27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30</code>
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<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">July   August September</code>
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<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa</code>
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<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4   1</code>
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<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8</code>
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<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15</code>
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<div class="line number22 index21 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22</code>
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<div class="line number23 index22 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29</code>
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<div class="line number24 index23 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces">      </code><code class="bash plain">30</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">October November December</code>
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<div class="line number26 index25 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa</code>
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<div class="line number27 index26 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3   1</code>
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<div class="line number28 index27 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8</code>
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<div class="line number29 index28 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 15</code>
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<div class="line number30 index29 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 16 17 18 19 20 21 22</code>
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<div class="line number31 index30 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 23 24 25 26 27 28 29</code>
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<div class="line number32 index31 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces">      </code><code class="bash plain">30 31</code>
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<p>
要指定年份和月份，使用 -d 选项，如下所示：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cal</code> <code class="bash plain">-d 1949-03</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">March 1949</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa</code>
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<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">1 2 3 4 5</code>
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<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">6 7 8 9 10 11 12</code>
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<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">13 14 15 16 17 18 19</code>
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<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">20 21 22 23 24 25 26</code>
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<code class="bash plain">27 28 29 30 31</code>
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<p>
另一个可能有用的日历选项是 cal 命令的 -j 选项。让我们来看看它显示的是什么。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cal</code> <code class="bash plain">-j</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">March 2018</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa</code>
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<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces">   </code><code class="bash plain">60 61 62</code>
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<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">63 64 65 66 67 68 69</code>
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<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">70 71 72 73 74 75 76</code>
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<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">77 78 79 80 81 82 83</code>
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<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">84 85 86 87 88 89 90</code>
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<p>
你可能会问：“什么鬼？？？” OK， -j 选项显示 Julian 日期 -- 一年中从 1 到 365 年的数字日期。所以，1 是 1 月 1 日，32 是 2 月 1 日。命令 cal -j 2018 将显示一整年的数字，像这样：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cal</code> <code class="bash plain">-j 2018 | </code><code class="bash functions">tail</code> <code class="bash plain">-9</code>
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<code class="bash spaces">   </code><code class="bash plain">November      December</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa</code>
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<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces">    </code><code class="bash plain">305 306 307       335</code>
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<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">308 309 310 311 312 313 314 336 337 338 339 340 341 342</code>
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<code class="bash plain">315 316 317 318 319 320 321 343 344 345 346 347 348 349</code>
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<code class="bash plain">322 323 324 325 326 327 328 350 351 352 353 354 355 356</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">329 330 331 332 333 334 357 358 359 360 361 362 363</code>
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<code class="bash spaces">        </code><code class="bash plain">364 365</code>
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这种显示可能有助于提醒你，自从你做了新年计划之后，你已经有多少天没有采取行动了。</p>
<p>
运行类似的命令，对于 2020 年，你会注意到这是一个闰年：</p>
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8</div>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cal</code> <code class="bash plain">-j 2020 | </code><code class="bash functions">tail</code> <code class="bash plain">-9</code>
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<code class="bash spaces">   </code><code class="bash plain">November      December</code>
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<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa</code>
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<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">306 307 308 309 310 311 312   336 337 338 339 340</code>
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<code class="bash plain">313 314 315 316 317 318 319 341 342 343 344 345 346 347</code>
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<code class="bash plain">320 321 322 323 324 325 326 348 349 350 351 352 353 354</code>
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<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">327 328 329 330 331 332 333 355 356 357 358 359 360 361</code>
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<code class="bash plain">334 335      362 363 364 365 366</code>
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<span><strong>calendar</strong></span></p>
<p>
另一个有趣但潜在的令人沮丧的命令可以告诉你关于假期的事情，这个命令有很多选项，但我们这里介绍下你想看到即将到来的假期和值得注意的日历列表。日历的 -l 选项允许你选择今天想要查看的天数，因此 0 表示“仅限今天”。</p>
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14</div>
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<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">$ calendar -l 0</code>
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<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 Benjamin Thompson born, 1753, Count Rumford; physicist</code>
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<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 David Packard died, 1996; age of 83</code>
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<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 Popeye statue unveiled, Crystal City TX Spinach Festival, 1937</code>
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<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 Independence Day </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">Bangladesh</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole Day </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">Hawaii</code>
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<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26* Seward's Day </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">Alaska (last Monday)</code>
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<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 Emerson, Lake, and Palmer record </code><code class="bash string">"Pictures at an Exhibition"</code> <code class="bash plain">live, 1971</code>
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<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 Ludwig van Beethoven dies </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">Vienna, Austria, 1827</code>
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<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 Bonne fête aux Lara !</code>
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<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 Aujourd</code><code class="bash string">'hui, c'</code><code class="bash plain">est la St(e) Ludger.</code>
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<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 N'oubliez pas les Larissa !</code>
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<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 Ludwig van Beethoven </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">Wien gestorben, 1827</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 Emánuel</code>
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<p>
对于我们大多数人来说，这庆祝活动有点多。如果你看到类似这样的内容，可以将其归咎于你的 calendar.all 文件，该文件告诉系统你希望包含哪些国际日历。当然，你可以通过删除此文件中包含其他文件的一些行来削减此问题。文件看起来像这样：</p>
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<code class="bash comments">#include <calendar.world></code>
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<code class="bash comments">#include <calendar.argentina></code>
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<code class="bash comments">#include <calendar.australia></code>
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<code class="bash comments">#include <calendar.belgium></code>
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<code class="bash comments">#include <calendar.birthday></code>
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<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash comments">#include <calendar.christian></code>
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<code class="bash comments">#include <calendar.computer></code>
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假设我们只通过移除除上面显示的第一个 #include 行之外的所有行，将我们的显示切换到世界日历。我们会看到这个：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ calendar -l 0</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 Benjamin Thompson born, 1753, Count Rumford; physicist</code>
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 David Packard died, 1996; age of 83</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 Popeye statue unveiled, Crystal City TX Spinach Festival, 1937</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 Independence Day </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">Bangladesh</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole Day </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">Hawaii</code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26* Seward's Day </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">Alaska (last Monday)</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 Emerson, Lake, and Palmer record </code><code class="bash string">"Pictures at an Exhibition"</code> <code class="bash plain">live, 1971</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Mar 26 Ludwig van Beethoven dies </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">Vienna, Austria, 1827</code>
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显然，世界日历的特殊日子非常多。但是，像这样的展示可以让你不要忘记所有重要的“大力水手雕像”揭幕日以及在庆祝“世界菠菜之都”中它所扮演的角色。</p>
<p>
更有用的日历选择可能是将与工作相关的日历放入特殊文件中，并在 calendar.all 文件中使用该日历来确定在运行命令时将看到哪些事件。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/share/calendar/calendar</code><code class="bash plain">.all</code>
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<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">/*</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">* International and national calendar files</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">*</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">* This is the calendar master </code><code class="bash functions">file</code><code class="bash plain">. In the standard setup, it is</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">* included by </code><code class="bash plain">/etc/calendar/default</code><code class="bash plain">, so you can </code><code class="bash functions">make</code> <code class="bash plain">any system-wide</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">* changes there and they will be kept when you upgrade. If you want</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">* to edit this </code><code class="bash functions">file</code><code class="bash plain">, copy it into </code><code class="bash plain">/etc/calendar/calendar</code><code class="bash plain">.all and</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">* edit it there.</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">*</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">*/</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#ifndef _calendar_all_</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#define _calendar_all_</code>
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<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
<code class="bash comments">#include <calendar.usholiday></code>
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<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
<code class="bash comments">#include <calendar.work>   <==</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#endif /* !_calendar_all_ */</code>
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<p>
日历文件的格式非常简单 - mm/dd 格式日期，空格和事件描述。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain">calendar.work</code>
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<code class="bash plain">03</code><code class="bash plain">/26</code> <code class="bash plain">Describe how the </code><code class="bash functions">cal</code> <code class="bash plain">and calendar commands work</code>
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<code class="bash plain">03</code><code class="bash plain">/27</code> <code class="bash plain">Throw a party!</code>
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<span><strong>注意事项和怀旧</strong></span></p>
<p>
注意，有关日历的命令可能不适用于所有 Linux 发行版，你可能必须记住自己的“大力水手”雕像。</p>
<p>
如果你想知道，你可以显示一个日历，远至 9999 —— 即使是预言性的 2525。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>总结</strong></span></p>
<p>
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对的支持。</p>
<p>
原文链接：https://linux.cn/article-9576-1.html</p>

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Linux命令行上如何使用日历详解