在Linux中如何查找最大的10个文件方法汇总
<p><span><strong>前言</strong></span></p>
<p>
众所周知当系统的磁盘空间不足时，您可能会使用 df、du 或 ncdu 命令进行检查，但这些命令只会显示当前目录的文件，并不会显示整个系统范围的文件。</p>
<p>
您得花费大量的时间才能用上述命令获取系统中最大的文件，因为要进入到每个目录重复运行上述命令。<br>
这种方法比较麻烦，也并不恰当。</p>
<p>
如果是这样，那么该如何在 Linux 中找到最大的 10 个文件呢？</p>
<p>
我在谷歌上搜索了很久，却没发现类似的文章，我反而看到了很多关于列出当前目录中最大的 10 个文件的文章。所以，我希望这篇文章对那些有类似需求的人有所帮助。</p>
<p>
本教程中，我们将教您如何使用以下四种方法在 Linux 系统中查找最大的前 10 个文件。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>方法 1</strong></span></p>
<p>
在 Linux 中没有特定的命令可以直接执行此操作，因此我们需要将多个命令结合使用。</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># find / -type f -print0 | xargs -0 du -h | sort -rh | head -n 10</code>
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<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">1.4G </code><code class="bash plain">/swapfile</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">1.1G </code><code class="bash plain">/home/magi/ubuntu-17</code><code class="bash plain">.04-desktop-amd64.iso</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">564M </code><code class="bash plain">/home/magi/</code><code class="bash plain">.gdfuse</code><code class="bash plain">/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqTFU0XzkzUlJUZzA</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">378M </code><code class="bash plain">/home/magi/</code><code class="bash plain">.gdfuse</code><code class="bash plain">/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqeldzUmhPeC03Zm8</code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">377M </code><code class="bash plain">/home/magi/</code><code class="bash plain">.gdfuse</code><code class="bash plain">/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqRGd4V0VrOXM4YVU</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">100M </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libOxideQtCore</code><code class="bash plain">.so.0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">93M </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/lib/firefox/libxul</code><code class="bash plain">.so</code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">84M </code><code class="bash plain">/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3604</code><code class="bash plain">.snap</code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">84M </code><code class="bash plain">/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3440</code><code class="bash plain">.snap</code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">84M </code><code class="bash plain">/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3247</code><code class="bash plain">.snap</code>
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<p>
<strong>详解：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
find：在目录结构中搜索文件的命令</li>
<li>
/：在整个系统（从根目录开始）中查找</li>
<li>
-type：指定文件类型<br>
f：普通文件</li>
<li>
-print0：在标准输出显示完整的文件名，其后跟一个空字符（null）</li>
<li>
|：控制操作符，将一条命令的输出传递给下一个命令以供进一步处理</li>
<li>
xargs：将标准输入转换成命令行参数的命令</li>
<li>
-0：以空字符（null）而不是空白字符（LCTT 译者注：即空格、制表符和换行）来分割记录</li>
<li>
du -h：以可读格式计算磁盘空间使用情况的命令</li>
<li>
sort：对文本文件进行排序的命令</li>
<li>
-r：反转结果</li>
<li>
-h：用可读格式打印输出</li>
<li>
head：输出文件开头部分的命令</li>
<li>
n -10：打印前 10 个文件</li>
</ul>
<p>
<span><strong>方法 2</strong></span></p>
<p>
这是查找 Linux 系统中最大的前 10 个文件的另一种方法。我们依然使用多个命令共同完成这个任务。</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># find / -type f -exec du -Sh {} + | sort -rh | head -n 10</code>
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<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">1.4G </code><code class="bash plain">/swapfile</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">1.1G </code><code class="bash plain">/home/magi/ubuntu-17</code><code class="bash plain">.04-desktop-amd64.iso</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">564M </code><code class="bash plain">/home/magi/</code><code class="bash plain">.gdfuse</code><code class="bash plain">/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqTFU0XzkzUlJUZzA</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">378M </code><code class="bash plain">/home/magi/</code><code class="bash plain">.gdfuse</code><code class="bash plain">/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqeldzUmhPeC03Zm8</code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">377M </code><code class="bash plain">/home/magi/</code><code class="bash plain">.gdfuse</code><code class="bash plain">/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqRGd4V0VrOXM4YVU</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">100M </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libOxideQtCore</code><code class="bash plain">.so.0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">93M </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/lib/firefox/libxul</code><code class="bash plain">.so</code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">84M </code><code class="bash plain">/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3604</code><code class="bash plain">.snap</code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">84M </code><code class="bash plain">/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3440</code><code class="bash plain">.snap</code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">84M </code><code class="bash plain">/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3247</code><code class="bash plain">.snap</code>
</div>
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</tr></tbody></table>
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<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
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<p>
<strong>详解：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
find：在目录结构中搜索文件的命令</li>
<li>
/：在整个系统（从根目录开始）中查找</li>
<li>
-type：指定文件类型<br>
f：普通文件</li>
<li>
-exec：在所选文件上运行指定命令</li>
<li>
du：计算文件占用的磁盘空间的命令</li>
<li>
-S：不包含子目录的大小</li>
<li>
-h：以可读格式打印</li>
<li>
{}：递归地查找目录，统计每个文件占用的磁盘空间</li>
<li>
|：控制操作符，将一条命令的输出传递给下一个命令以供进一步处理</li>
<li>
sort：对文本文件进行按行排序的命令</li>
<li>
-r：反转结果</li>
<li>
-h：用可读格式打印输出</li>
<li>
head：输出文件开头部分的命令</li>
<li>
n -10：打印前 10 个文件</li>
</ul>
<p>
<span><strong>方法 3</strong></span></p>
<p>
这里介绍另一种在 Linux 系统中搜索最大的前 10 个文件的方法。</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># find / -type f -print0 | xargs -0 du | sort -n | tail -10 | cut -f2 | xargs -I{} du -sh {}</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">84M </code><code class="bash plain">/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3247</code><code class="bash plain">.snap</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">84M </code><code class="bash plain">/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3440</code><code class="bash plain">.snap</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">84M </code><code class="bash plain">/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3604</code><code class="bash plain">.snap</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">93M </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/lib/firefox/libxul</code><code class="bash plain">.so</code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">100M </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libOxideQtCore</code><code class="bash plain">.so.0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">377M </code><code class="bash plain">/home/magi/</code><code class="bash plain">.gdfuse</code><code class="bash plain">/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqRGd4V0VrOXM4YVU</code>
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">378M </code><code class="bash plain">/home/magi/</code><code class="bash plain">.gdfuse</code><code class="bash plain">/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqeldzUmhPeC03Zm8</code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">564M </code><code class="bash plain">/home/magi/</code><code class="bash plain">.gdfuse</code><code class="bash plain">/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqTFU0XzkzUlJUZzA</code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">1.1G </code><code class="bash plain">/home/magi/ubuntu-17</code><code class="bash plain">.04-desktop-amd64.iso</code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">1.4G </code><code class="bash plain">/swapfile</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<strong>详解：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
find：在目录结构中搜索文件的命令</li>
<li>
/：在整个系统（从根目录开始）中查找</li>
<li>
-type：指定文件类型<br>
f：普通文件</li>
<li>
-print0：输出完整的文件名，其后跟一个空字符（null）</li>
<li>
|：控制操作符，将一条命令的输出传递给下一个命令以供进一步处理</li>
<li>
xargs：将标准输入转换成命令行参数的命令</li>
<li>
-0：以空字符（null）而不是空白字符来分割记录</li>
<li>
du：计算文件占用的磁盘空间的命令</li>
<li>
sort：对文本文件进行按行排序的命令</li>
<li>
-n：根据数字大小进行比较</li>
<li>
tail -10：输出文件结尾部分的命令（最后 10 个文件）</li>
<li>
cut：从每行删除特定部分的命令</li>
<li>
-f2：只选择特定字段值</li>
<li>
-I{}：将初始参数中出现的每个替换字符串都替换为从标准输入读取的名称</li>
<li>
-s：仅显示每个参数的总和</li>
<li>
-h：用可读格式打印输出</li>
<li>
{}：递归地查找目录，统计每个文件占用的磁盘空间</li>
</ul>
<p>
<span><strong>方法 4</strong></span></p>
<p>
还有一种在 Linux 系统中查找最大的前 10 个文件的方法。</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_798047">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
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1</div>
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<code class="bash comments"># find / -type f -ls | sort -k 7 -r -n | head -10 | column -t | awk '{print $7,$11}'</code>
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<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">1494845440 </code><code class="bash plain">/swapfile</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">1085984380 </code><code class="bash plain">/home/magi/ubuntu-17</code><code class="bash plain">.04-desktop-amd64.iso</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">591003648 </code><code class="bash plain">/home/magi/</code><code class="bash plain">.gdfuse</code><code class="bash plain">/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqTFU0XzkzUlJUZzA</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">395770383 </code><code class="bash plain">/home/magi/</code><code class="bash plain">.gdfuse</code><code class="bash plain">/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqeldzUmhPeC03Zm8</code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">394891761 </code><code class="bash plain">/home/magi/</code><code class="bash plain">.gdfuse</code><code class="bash plain">/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqRGd4V0VrOXM4YVU</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">103999072 </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libOxideQtCore</code><code class="bash plain">.so.0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">97356256 </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/lib/firefox/libxul</code><code class="bash plain">.so</code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">87896064 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3604</code><code class="bash plain">.snap</code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">87793664 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3440</code><code class="bash plain">.snap</code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">87089152 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3247</code><code class="bash plain">.snap</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<strong>详解：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
find：在目录结构中搜索文件的命令</li>
<li>
/：在整个系统（从根目录开始）中查找</li>
<li>
-type：指定文件类型<br>
f：普通文件</li>
<li>
-ls：在标准输出中以 ls -dils 的格式列出当前文件</li>
<li>
|：控制操作符，将一条命令的输出传递给下一个命令以供进一步处理</li>
<li>
sort：对文本文件进行按行排序的命令</li>
<li>
-k：按指定列进行排序</li>
<li>
-r：反转结果</li>
<li>
-n：根据数字大小进行比较</li>
<li>
head：输出文件开头部分的命令</li>
<li>
-10：打印前 10 个文件</li>
<li>
column：将其输入格式化为多列的命令</li>
<li>
-t：确定输入包含的列数并创建一个表</li>
<li>
awk：模式扫描和处理语言</li>
<li>
'{print $7,$11}'：只打印指定的列</li>
</ul>
<p>
<span><strong>总结</strong></span></p>
<p>
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对的支持。</p>
<p>
原文链接：https://linux.cn/article-9495-1.html</p>
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