linux系统用户管理与grep正则表达式示例教程
<p><span><strong>前言</strong></span></p>
<p>
本文主要给大家介绍了关于linux系统用户管理与grep正则表达式的相关内容，分享出来供大家参考学习，下面话不多说了，来一起看看详细的介绍吧。</p>
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<span><strong>linux系统用户管理与grep正则表达式</strong></span></p>
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1、复制/etc/skel目录为/home/tuser1，要求/home/tuser1及其内部文件的属组和其它用户均没有任何访问权限。</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cp -rpv /etc/skel/ /home/tuser1/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">‘</code><code class="bash plain">/etc/skel/</code><code class="bash string">' -&gt; ‘/home/tuser1/'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">‘</code><code class="bash plain">/etc/skel/</code><code class="bash plain">.mozilla</code><code class="bash string">' -&gt; ‘/home/tuser1/.mozilla'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">‘</code><code class="bash plain">/etc/skel/</code><code class="bash plain">.mozilla</code><code class="bash plain">/extensions</code><code class="bash string">' -&gt; ‘/home/tuser1/.mozilla/extensions'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">‘</code><code class="bash plain">/etc/skel/</code><code class="bash plain">.mozilla</code><code class="bash plain">/plugins</code><code class="bash string">' -&gt; ‘/home/tuser1/.mozilla/plugins'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">‘</code><code class="bash plain">/etc/skel/</code><code class="bash plain">.bash_logout</code><code class="bash string">' -&gt; ‘/home/tuser1/.bash_logout'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">‘</code><code class="bash plain">/etc/skel/</code><code class="bash plain">.bash_profile</code><code class="bash string">' -&gt; ‘/home/tuser1/.bash_profile'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">‘</code><code class="bash plain">/etc/skel/</code><code class="bash plain">.bashrc</code><code class="bash string">' -&gt; ‘/home/tuser1/.bashrc'</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># useradd tuser -d /home/tuser1/</code>
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<code class="bash functions">useradd</code><code class="bash plain">: warning: the home directory already exists.</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Not copying any </code><code class="bash functions">file</code> <code class="bash plain">from skel directory into it.</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chmod -R go-rwx /home/tuser1/</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ll -d /home/tuser1/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">drwx------ 3 root root 74 Feb 12 03:04 </code><code class="bash plain">/home/tuser1/</code>
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2、编辑/etc/group文件，添加组hadoop。</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vim /etc/group</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># tail -1 /etc/group</code>
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<code class="bash plain">hadoop:x:1029</code>
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3、手动编辑/etc/passwd文件新增一行，添加用户hadoop，其基本组ID为hadoop组的id号；其家目录为/home/hadoop。</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vim /etc/passwd</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># tail -1 /etc/passwd</code>
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<code class="bash plain">hadoop:x:1029:1029::</code><code class="bash plain">/home/hodoop/</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
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4、复制/etc/skel目录为/home/hadoop，要求修改hadoop目录的属组和其它用户没有任何访问权限。</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cp -fpv /etc/skel/ /home/hadoop</code>
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<code class="bash functions">cp</code><code class="bash plain">: omitting directory ‘</code><code class="bash plain">/etc/skel/</code><code class="bash plain">'</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cp -fpvR /etc/skel/ /home/hadoop</code>
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<code class="bash plain">‘</code><code class="bash plain">/etc/skel/</code><code class="bash string">' -&gt; ‘/home/hadoop'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">‘</code><code class="bash plain">/etc/skel/</code><code class="bash plain">.mozilla</code><code class="bash string">' -&gt; ‘/home/hadoop/.mozilla'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">‘</code><code class="bash plain">/etc/skel/</code><code class="bash plain">.mozilla</code><code class="bash plain">/extensions</code><code class="bash string">' -&gt; ‘/home/hadoop/.mozilla/extensions'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">‘</code><code class="bash plain">/etc/skel/</code><code class="bash plain">.mozilla</code><code class="bash plain">/plugins</code><code class="bash string">' -&gt; ‘/home/hadoop/.mozilla/plugins'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">‘</code><code class="bash plain">/etc/skel/</code><code class="bash plain">.bash_logout</code><code class="bash string">' -&gt; ‘/home/hadoop/.bash_logout'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">‘</code><code class="bash plain">/etc/skel/</code><code class="bash plain">.bash_profile</code><code class="bash string">' -&gt; ‘/home/hadoop/.bash_profile'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">‘</code><code class="bash plain">/etc/skel/</code><code class="bash plain">.bashrc</code><code class="bash string">' -&gt; ‘/home/hadoop/.bashrc'</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chmod go-rwx /home/hadoop/</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ls -ld /home/hadoop/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">drwx------ 3 root root 74 Feb 12 03:04 </code><code class="bash plain">/home/hadoop/</code>
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5、修改/home/hadoop目录及其内部所有文件的属主为hadoop，属组为hadoop。</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chown -R hadoop:hadoop /home/hadoop/</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ll -al /home/hadoop/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">total 16</code>
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<code class="bash plain">drwx------ 3 hadoop hadoop 74 Feb 12 03:04 .</code>
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<code class="bash plain">drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root 4096 Mar 25 10:14 ..</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 18 Nov 20 2015 .bash_logout</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 193 Nov 20 2015 .bash_profile</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 231 Nov 20 2015 .bashrc</code>
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<code class="bash plain">drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop 37 Feb 12 03:03 .mozilla</code>
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6、显示/proc/meminfo文件中以大写或小写S开头的行；用两种方式；</p>
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1、</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># grep ^ /proc/meminfo </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">SwapCached: 0 kB</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">SwapTotal: 2097148 kB</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">SwapFree: 2097148 kB</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Shmem: 9100 kB</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Slab: 89476 kB</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">SReclaimable: 53176 kB</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">SUnreclaim: 36300 kB</code>
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2、</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># grep -i "^s" /proc/meminfo </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">SwapCached: 0 kB</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">SwapTotal: 2097148 kB</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">SwapFree: 2097148 kB</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Shmem: 9100 kB</code>
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7、显示/etc/passwd文件中其默认shell为非/sbin/nologin的用户；</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># grep \/sbin\/nologin$ /etc/passwd</code>
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<code class="bash plain">bin:x:1:1:bin:</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">daemon:x:2:2:daemon:</code><code class="bash plain">/sbin</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">adm:x:3:4:adm:</code><code class="bash plain">/var/adm</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">lp:x:4:7:lp:</code><code class="bash plain">/var/spool/lpd</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">mail:x:8:12:mail:</code><code class="bash plain">/var/spool/mail</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">......</code>
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8、显示/etc/passwd文件中其默认shell为/bin/bash的用户；</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># grep \/bin\/bash /etc/passwd</code>
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<code class="bash plain">root:x:0:0:root:</code><code class="bash plain">/root</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
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<code class="bash plain">roo:x:1000:1000:root:</code><code class="bash plain">/home/roo</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
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<code class="bash plain">gentoo:x:4001:4001::</code><code class="bash plain">/home/gentoo</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
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<code class="bash plain">mageia:x:1100:1100::</code><code class="bash plain">/home/linux</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
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<code class="bash plain">tuser:x:4003:4003::</code><code class="bash plain">/home/tuser1/</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
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<code class="bash plain">hadoop:x:1029:1029::</code><code class="bash plain">/home/hodoop/</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
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9、找出/etc/passwd文件中的一位数或两位数；</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># grep "\&lt;\{2,3\}\&gt;" /etc/passwd</code>
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<code class="bash plain">mail:x:8:12:mail:</code><code class="bash plain">/var/spool/mail</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">operator:x:11:0:operator:</code><code class="bash plain">/root</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/sbin/nologin</code>
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<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">games:x:12:100:games:</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/games</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash functions">ftp</code><code class="bash plain">:x:14:50:FTP User:</code><code class="bash plain">/var/ftp</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">......</code>
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10、显示/boot/grub/grub.conf中以至少一个空白字符开头的行；</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># grep "^[[:space:]]\+" /boot/grub2/grub.cfg </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">load_env</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">set</code> <code class="bash plain">default=</code><code class="bash string">"${next_entry}"</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">set</code> <code class="bash plain">next_entry=</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">save_env next_entry</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">set</code> <code class="bash plain">boot_once=</code><code class="bash functions">true</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">......</code>
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11、显示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中以#开头，后面跟至少一个空白字符，而后又有至少一个非空白字符的行；</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># grep "^#[[:space:]]\+[^[:space:]]\+" /etc/rc.d/rc.local </code>
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<code class="bash comments"># THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># this script will NOT be run after all other services.</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># that this script will be executed during boot.</code>
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12、打出netstat -tan命令执行结果中以‘LISTEN'，后或跟空白字符结尾的行；</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># netstat -tan | grep "LISTEN[[:space:]]*$"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN </code>
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<code class="bash plain">tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN </code>
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<code class="bash plain">tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN </code>
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<code class="bash plain">tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN </code>
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<code class="bash plain">tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN </code>
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<code class="bash plain">tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN </code>
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<code class="bash plain">tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN</code>
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13、添加用户bash, testbash, basher, nologin (此一个用户的shell为/sbin/nologin)，而后找出当前系统上其用户名和默认shell相同的用户的信息；</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># useradd bash</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># useradd basher</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># useradd -s /sbin/nologin nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># grep -E "^([^:]+\&gt;).*\1$" /etc/passwd</code>
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<code class="bash functions">sync</code><code class="bash plain">:x:5:0:</code><code class="bash functions">sync</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/sbin</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/sync</code>
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<code class="bash functions">shutdown</code><code class="bash plain">:x:6:0:</code><code class="bash functions">shutdown</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/sbin</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/sbin/shutdown</code>
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<code class="bash plain">halt:x:7:0:halt:</code><code class="bash plain">/sbin</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/sbin/halt</code>
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<code class="bash functions">bash</code><code class="bash plain">:x:4004:4004::</code><code class="bash plain">/home/bash</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
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<code class="bash plain">nologin:x:4006:4006::</code><code class="bash plain">/home/nologin</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/sbin/nologin</code>
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<span><strong>总结</strong></span></p>
<p>
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对的支持。</p>
<p>
原文链接：http://www.178linux.com/92876</p>
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