Linux环境下安装Nginx及其使用
<p><span><strong>一、查看centos的版本</strong></span></p>
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<code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain">/etc/redhat-release</code>
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<span><strong>二、添加资源库</strong></span></p>
<p>
在 centos 系统上安装 nginx ，得先去添加一个资源库：</p>
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<code class="plain plain">vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">name=nginx repo</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">gpgcheck=0</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">enabled=1</code>
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<span><strong>三、安装nginx</strong></span></p>
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<code class="bash plain">yum -y </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">nginx</code>
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<img title="Linux环境下安装Nginx及其使用" alt="Linux环境下安装Nginx及其使用" height="732" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/7f6c230fa37867d22feef95bbc685af9.jpg" width="600"></p>
<p>
<strong><span>四、测试nginx配置文件是否正确</span></strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">nginx -t</code>
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打印如下：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok<br>
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful</p>
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<span><strong>五、centos7.0+ nginx实现停止、启动、重启</strong></span></p>
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<code class="bash plain">systemctl stop nginx.service </code>
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<code class="bash plain">systemctl start nginx.service</code>
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<code class="bash plain">systemctl restart nginx.service</code>
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<code class="bash plain">systemctl status nginx.service</code>
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开机自启：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">systemctl </code><code class="bash functions">enable</code> <code class="bash plain">nginx.service</code>
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取消开机自启：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">systemctl disable nginx.service</code>
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<span><strong>六、nginx.conf配置示例</strong></span></p>
<p>
我的配置：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">user nginx;</code>
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<code class="bash plain">worker_processes 4;</code>
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<code class="bash plain">error_log </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/nginx/error</code><code class="bash plain">.log warn;</code>
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<code class="bash plain">pid </code><code class="bash plain">/var/run/nginx</code><code class="bash plain">.pid;</code>
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<code class="bash plain">events {</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">worker_connections 1024;</code>
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<code class="bash plain">}</code>
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<code class="bash plain">http {</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">include </code><code class="bash plain">/etc/nginx/mime</code><code class="bash plain">.types;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">default_type application</code><code class="bash plain">/octet-stream</code><code class="bash plain">;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">log_format main </code><code class="bash string">'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash string">'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash string">'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'</code><code class="bash plain">;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">access_log </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/nginx/access</code><code class="bash plain">.log main;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">sendfile on;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#tcp_nopush on;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">keepalive_timeout 65;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#gzip on;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">include </code><code class="bash plain">/etc/nginx/conf</code><code class="bash plain">.d/*.conf;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#设定负载均衡的服务器列表</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">upstream pay_server {</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">ip_hash;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">server 10.74.248.01:8088 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">server 10.74.248.02:8088 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">upstream print_server {</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">ip_hash;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">server 10.74.248.03:2001 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">server 10.74.248.04:2001 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">upstream accss_door_server {</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">ip_hash;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">server 10.74.248.05:2002 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">server 10.74.248.06:2002 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">server {</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">listen 80;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">server_name wab.kupu.ccoop.com.cn;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">location </code><code class="bash plain">/invengo</code> <code class="bash plain">{</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_pass http:</code><code class="bash plain">//pay_server</code><code class="bash plain">;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">index index.jsp index.html index.htm;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">location </code><code class="bash plain">/invengo/epc</code> <code class="bash plain">{</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_pass http:</code><code class="bash plain">//print_server</code><code class="bash plain">;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">index index.jsp index.html index.htm;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">location </code><code class="bash plain">/invengo/print</code> <code class="bash plain">{</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_pass http:</code><code class="bash plain">//print_server</code><code class="bash plain">;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">index index.jsp index.html index.htm;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
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</div>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">location </code><code class="bash plain">/checkout</code> <code class="bash plain">{</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_pass http:</code><code class="bash plain">//accss_door_server</code><code class="bash plain">;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">index index.jsp index.html index.htm;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">location </code><code class="bash plain">/asset</code> <code class="bash plain">{</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_pass http:</code><code class="bash plain">//accss_door_server</code><code class="bash plain">;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">index index.jsp index.html index.htm;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
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<p>
常用的nginx.conf配置：</p>
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</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">user www www;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">worker_processes 2;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">error_log logs</code><code class="bash plain">/error</code><code class="bash plain">.log;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash comments">#error_log logs/error.log notice;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash comments">#error_log logs/error.log info;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">pid logs</code><code class="bash plain">/nginx</code><code class="bash plain">.pid;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">events {</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">use epoll;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">worker_connections 2048;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">}</code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">http {</code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">include mime.types;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">default_type application</code><code class="bash plain">/octet-stream</code><code class="bash plain">;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '</code>
</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments"># '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '</code>
</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments"># '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';</code>
</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#access_log logs/access.log main;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">sendfile on;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments"># tcp_nopush on;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">keepalive_timeout 65;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments"># gzip压缩功能设置</code>
</div>
<div class="line number22 index21 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">gzip</code> <code class="bash plain">on;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number23 index22 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">gzip_min_length 1k;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number24 index23 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">gzip_buffers 4 16k;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number25 index24 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">gzip_http_version 1.0;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number26 index25 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">gzip_comp_level 6;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number27 index26 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">gzip_types text</code><code class="bash plain">/html</code> <code class="bash plain">text</code><code class="bash plain">/plain</code> <code class="bash plain">text</code><code class="bash plain">/css</code> <code class="bash plain">text</code><code class="bash plain">/javascript</code> <code class="bash plain">application</code><code class="bash plain">/json</code> <code class="bash plain">application</code><code class="bash plain">/javascript</code> <code class="bash plain">application</code><code class="bash plain">/x-javascript</code> <code class="bash plain">application</code><code class="bash plain">/xml</code><code class="bash plain">;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number28 index27 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">gzip_vary on;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number29 index28 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
</div>
<div class="line number30 index29 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments"># http_proxy 设置</code>
</div>
<div class="line number31 index30 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">client_max_body_size 10m;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number32 index31 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">client_body_buffer_size 128k;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number33 index32 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_connect_timeout 75;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number34 index33 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_send_timeout 75;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number35 index34 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_read_timeout 75;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number36 index35 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_buffer_size 4k;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number37 index36 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_buffers 4 32k;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number38 index37 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number39 index38 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number40 index39 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_temp_path </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp</code> <code class="bash plain">1 2;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number41 index40 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments"># 设定负载均衡后台服务器列表 </code>
</div>
<div class="line number42 index41 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">upstream backend { </code>
</div>
<div class="line number43 index42 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#ip_hash; </code>
</div>
<div class="line number44 index43 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">server 192.168.10.100:8080 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s ; </code>
</div>
<div class="line number45 index44 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">server 192.168.10.101:8080 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s ; </code>
</div>
<div class="line number46 index45 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
</div>
<div class="line number47 index46 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments"># 很重要的虚拟主机配置</code>
</div>
<div class="line number48 index47 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">server {</code>
</div>
<div class="line number49 index48 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">listen 80;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number50 index49 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">server_name itoatest.example.com;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number51 index50 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">root </code><code class="bash plain">/apps/oaapp</code><code class="bash plain">;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number52 index51 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">charset utf-8;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number53 index52 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">access_log logs</code><code class="bash plain">/host</code><code class="bash plain">.access.log main;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number54 index53 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#对 / 所有做负载均衡+反向代理</code>
</div>
<div class="line number55 index54 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">location / {</code>
</div>
<div class="line number56 index55 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">root </code><code class="bash plain">/apps/oaapp</code><code class="bash plain">;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number57 index56 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">index index.jsp index.html index.htm;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number58 index57 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_pass http:</code><code class="bash plain">//backend</code><code class="bash plain">; </code>
</div>
<div class="line number59 index58 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_redirect off;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number60 index59 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments"># 后端的web服务器可以通过x-forwarded-for获取用户真实ip</code>
</div>
<div class="line number61 index60 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_set_header host $host;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number62 index61 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_set_header x-real-ip $remote_addr; </code>
</div>
<div class="line number63 index62 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_set_header x-forwarded-</code><code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash plain">$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number64 index63 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number65 index64 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
</div>
<div class="line number66 index65 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
</div>
<div class="line number67 index66 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#静态文件，nginx自己处理，不去backend请求tomcat</code>
</div>
<div class="line number68 index67 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">location ~* </code><code class="bash plain">/download/</code> <code class="bash plain">{ </code>
</div>
<div class="line number69 index68 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">root </code><code class="bash plain">/apps/oa/fs</code><code class="bash plain">; </code>
</div>
<div class="line number70 index69 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
</div>
<div class="line number71 index70 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
</div>
<div class="line number72 index71 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ </code>
</div>
<div class="line number73 index72 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">{ </code>
</div>
<div class="line number74 index73 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">root </code><code class="bash plain">/apps/oaapp</code><code class="bash plain">; </code>
</div>
<div class="line number75 index74 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">expires 7d; </code>
</div>
<div class="line number76 index75 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
</div>
<div class="line number77 index76 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">location </code><code class="bash plain">/nginx_status</code> <code class="bash plain">{</code>
</div>
<div class="line number78 index77 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">stub_status on;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number79 index78 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">access_log off;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number80 index79 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">allow 192.168.10.0</code><code class="bash plain">/24</code><code class="bash plain">;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number81 index80 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">deny all;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number82 index81 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
</div>
<div class="line number83 index82 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">location ~ ^/(web-inf)/ { </code>
</div>
<div class="line number84 index83 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">deny all; </code>
</div>
<div class="line number85 index84 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
</div>
<div class="line number86 index85 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#error_page 404 /404.html;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number87 index86 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments"># redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html</code>
</div>
<div class="line number88 index87 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#</code>
</div>
<div class="line number89 index88 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">error_page 500 502 503 504 </code><code class="bash plain">/50x</code><code class="bash plain">.html;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number90 index89 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">location = </code><code class="bash plain">/50x</code><code class="bash plain">.html {</code>
</div>
<div class="line number91 index90 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">root html;</code>
</div>
<div class="line number92 index91 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
</div>
<div class="line number93 index92 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">}</code>
</div>
<div class="line number94 index93 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">## 其它虚拟主机，server 指令开始</code>
</div>
<div class="line number95 index94 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">}</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。</p>
<p>
原文链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/860a4dec6be3</p>
頁:
[1]