首页 › Linux服务器论坛 › Linux小技巧大大提高你的工作效率

往事的记忆 發表於 2023-7-10 00:00:00

Linux小技巧大大提高你的工作效率

<p data-id="h7e6f36e-hjC6JWmB" id="h7e6f36e-hjC6JWmB">
        <img title="Linux小技巧大大提高你的工作效率" alt="Linux小技巧大大提高你的工作效率" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/8707ba5c577ec853436a5cf4c23095e4.jpg"></p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-X3nIunP2" id="h6e90be6-X3nIunP2">
        前言</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-eGGan8GW">
        Linux中的一些小技巧可以大大提高你的工作效率，本文就细数那些提高效率或者短小却有效的linux技巧。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-CfbNSkY0" id="h6e90be6-CfbNSkY0">
        命令编辑及光标移动</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-HE0CBoCa">
        这里有很多快捷键可以帮我们修正自己的命令。接下来使用光标二字代替光标的位置。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-kcvCEyUE" id="h6e90be6-kcvCEyUE">
        删除从开头到光标处的命令文本</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-NGE7PQ6B">
        ctrl + u，例如：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">cd</span> <span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">proc</span><span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">tty</span>;<span class="cm-variable">ls</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">al光标</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-saShVAS1">
        如果此时使用ctrl + u快捷键，那么该条命令都会被清除，而不需要长按backspace键。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-z2ABfiot" id="h6e90be6-z2ABfiot">
        删除从光标到结尾处的命令文本</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-ApDYEbgV">
        ctrl+k，例如：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">cd</span> <span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">proc</span><span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">tty光标</span>;<span class="cm-variable">ls</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">al</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-w3uuSZYB">
        如果此时使用ctrl + k快捷键，那么从光标开始处到结尾的命令文本将会被删除。</p>
<p data-id="pd157317-9y3elnn1">
        还有其他的操作，不再举例，例如：</p>
<ul data-id="ucd67dc5-WjDkLDKD">
<li data-id="l20de63f-CLLiK69k">
                ctrl + a:光标移动到命令开头</li>
        <li data-id="l20de63f-FMl4WOM9">
                ctrl + e：光标移动到命令结尾</li>
        <li data-id="l20de63f-FZpOCtFs">
                alt f:光标向前移动一个单词</li>
        <li data-id="l20de63f-loRVrMNr">
                alt b：光标向后移动一个单词</li>
        <li data-id="l20de63f-9UorYOje">
                ctrl w：删除一个词(以空格隔开的字符串)</li>
</ul>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-Ow2u9Ve6" id="h6e90be6-Ow2u9Ve6">
        历史命令快速执行</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-zR2mF1O8">
        我们都知道history记录了执行的历史命令，而使用!+历史命令前的数字，可快速执行历史命令。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-qPux1C79" id="h6e90be6-qPux1C79">
        部分历史命令查看</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-obCYotMh">
        history会显示大量的历史命令，而fc -l只会显示部分。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-mrhHZlJI" id="h6e90be6-mrhHZlJI">
        实时查看日志</h4>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">tail</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">f</span> <span class="cm-variable">filename</span>.<span class="cm-property">log</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-njPzAq9F">
        tail -f 加文件名，可以实时显示日志文件内容。当然，使用less命令查看文件内容，并且使用shift+f键，也可达到类似的效果。</p>
<h3 data-id="h26976cb-eFEeTVD7" id="h26976cb-eFEeTVD7">
        磁盘或内存情况查看</h3>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-QWn9FZh4" id="h6e90be6-QWn9FZh4">
        怎么知道当前磁盘是否满了呢?</h4>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">df</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">h</span> <span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">dev</span><span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">sda14</span> <span class="cm-number">4.6</span><span class="cm-variable">G</span> <span class="cm-number">10</span><span class="cm-variable">M</span> <span class="cm-number">4.4</span><span class="cm-variable">G</span> <span class="cm-number">1</span><span class="cm-operator">%</span> <span class="cm-string-2">/tmp</span> <span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">dev</span><span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">sda11</span> <span class="cm-number">454</span><span class="cm-variable">M</span> <span class="cm-number">366</span><span class="cm-variable">M</span> <span class="cm-number">61</span><span class="cm-variable">M</span> <span class="cm-number">86</span><span class="cm-operator">%</span> <span class="cm-string-2">/boot</span> <span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">dev</span><span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">sda15</span> <span class="cm-number">55</span><span class="cm-variable">G</span> <span class="cm-number">18</span><span class="cm-variable">G</span> <span class="cm-number">35</span><span class="cm-variable">G</span> <span class="cm-number">35</span><span class="cm-operator">%</span> <span class="cm-string-2">/home</span> <span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">dev</span><span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">sda1</span> <span class="cm-number">256</span><span class="cm-variable">M</span> <span class="cm-number">31</span><span class="cm-variable">M</span> <span class="cm-number">226</span><span class="cm-variable">M</span> <span class="cm-number">12</span><span class="cm-operator">%</span> <span class="cm-string-2">/boot/</span><span class="cm-variable">efi</span> <span class="cm-variable">tmpfs</span> <span class="cm-number">786</span><span class="cm-variable">M</span> <span class="cm-number">64</span><span class="cm-variable">K</span> <span class="cm-number">786</span><span class="cm-variable">M</span> <span class="cm-number">1</span><span class="cm-operator">%</span> <span class="cm-string-2">/run/</span><span class="cm-variable">user</span><span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-number">1000</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-yxpv1Qdy">
        使用df命令可以快速查看各挂载路径磁盘占用情况。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-Ix2wgY9N" id="h6e90be6-Ix2wgY9N">
        当前目录各个子目录占用空间大小</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-J8YkAA9n">
        如果你已经知道home目录占用空间较大了，你想知道home目录下各个目录占用情况：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">du</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">h</span> <span class="cm-variable">–</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">max</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">depth</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-number">1</span> <span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">home</span>(<span class="cm-variable">或者</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">d</span> <span class="cm-number">1</span>) <span class="cm-number">18</span><span class="cm-variable">G</span> <span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">home</span><span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">hyb</span> <span class="cm-number">16</span><span class="cm-variable">K</span> <span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">home</span><span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">lost</span><span class="cm-operator">+</span><span class="cm-variable">found</span> <span class="cm-number">18</span><span class="cm-variable">G</span> <span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">home</span><span class="cm-operator">/</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-AZxHZmYf">
        这里指定了目录深度，否则的话，它会递归统计子目录占用空间大小，可自行尝试。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-U1i3wdXX" id="h6e90be6-U1i3wdXX">
        当前内存使用情况</h4>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">free</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">h</span> <span class="cm-variable">total</span> <span class="cm-variable">used</span> <span class="cm-variable">free</span> <span class="cm-variable">shared</span> <span class="cm-variable">buff</span><span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">cache</span> <span class="cm-variable">available</span> <span class="cm-variable">Mem</span>: <span class="cm-number">7.7</span><span class="cm-variable">G</span> <span class="cm-number">3.5</span><span class="cm-variable">G</span> <span class="cm-number">452</span><span class="cm-variable">M</span> <span class="cm-number">345</span><span class="cm-variable">M</span> <span class="cm-number">3.7</span><span class="cm-variable">G</span> <span class="cm-number">3.5</span><span class="cm-variable">G</span> <span class="cm-variable">Swap</span>: <span class="cm-number">7.6</span><span class="cm-variable">G</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span><span class="cm-variable">B</span> <span class="cm-number">7.6</span><span class="cm-variable">G</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-aswqQrJt">
        通过free的结果，很容易看到当前总共内存多少，剩余可用内存多少等等。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-xzUy67Mj" id="h6e90be6-xzUy67Mj">
        使用-h参数</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-qpUTowAg">
        不知道你是否注意到，我们在前面几个命令中，都使用了-h参数，它的作用是使得结果以人类可读的方式呈现，所以我们看到它呈现的单位是G,M等，如果不使用-h参数，可以自己尝试一下会是什么样的结果呈现。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-8zXaLcAu" id="h6e90be6-8zXaLcAu">
        根据名称查找进程id</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-lnoamcDu">
        想快速直接查找进程id，可以使用：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">pgrep</span> <span class="cm-variable">hello</span> <span class="cm-number">22692</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-aUd4dnsj">
        或者：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">pidof</span> <span class="cm-variable">hello</span> <span class="cm-number">22692</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-az9rlcgt">
        其中，hello是进程名称。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-qSeWM7wx" id="h6e90be6-qSeWM7wx">
        根据名称杀死进程</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-TH0RgbT2">
        一般我们可以使用kill　-9 pid方式杀死一个进程，但是这样就需要先找到这个进程的进程id，实际上我们也可以直接根据名称杀死进程，例如：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">killall</span> <span class="cm-variable">hello</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-WBRjcvDw">
        或者：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">pkill</span> <span class="cm-variable">hello</span></pre>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-JRw1Dnx5" id="h6e90be6-JRw1Dnx5">
        查看进程运行时间</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-WPrHroiX">
        可以使用下面的命令查看进程已运行时间：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">ps</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">p</span> <span class="cm-number">24525</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">o</span> <span class="cm-variable">lstart</span>,<span class="cm-variable">etime</span> <span class="cm-variable">STARTED</span> <span class="cm-variable">ELAPSED</span> <span class="cm-variable">Sat</span> <span class="cm-variable">Mar</span> <span class="cm-number">23</span> <span class="cm-number">20</span>:<span class="cm-number">52</span>:<span class="cm-number">08</span> <span class="cm-number">2019</span> <span class="cm-number">02</span>:<span class="cm-number">45</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-C6NHDaJd">
        其中24525是你要查看进程的进程id。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-h6YN5Ynl" id="h6e90be6-h6YN5Ynl">
        快速目录切换</h4>
<ul data-id="ucd67dc5-5MXRcRL3">
<li data-id="l20de63f-gSiWRNfk">
                cd -　回到上一个目录</li>
        <li data-id="l20de63f-ho6hO0ke">
                cd 回到用户家目录</li>
</ul>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-mBwqPC1D" id="h6e90be6-mBwqPC1D">
        多条命令执行</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-XrY3CtV8">
        我们知道使用分号隔开可以执行多条命令，例如：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">cd</span> <span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">temp</span><span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">log</span><span class="cm-operator">/</span>;<span class="cm-variable">rm</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">rf</span> <span class="cm-operator">*</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-XxomQJVC">
        但是如果当前目录是/目录，并且/temp/log目录不存在，那么就会发生激动人心的一幕：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">bash</span>: <span class="cm-variable">cd</span>: <span class="cm-string-2">/temp/</span><span class="cm-variable">log</span>: <span class="cm-variable">No</span> <span class="cm-variable">such</span> <span class="cm-variable">file</span> <span class="cm-variable">or</span> <span class="cm-variable">directory</span> (<span class="cm-variable">突然陷入沉默</span>)</pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-MqylGep9">
        因为;可以执行多条命令，但是不会因为前一条命令失败，而导致后面的不会执行，因此，cd执行失败后，仍然会继续执行rm -rf *，由于处于/目录下，结果可想而知。</p>
<p data-id="pd157317-zTlCcgfc">
        所以你还以为这种事故是对rf -rf *的力量一无所知的情况下产生的吗?</p>
<p data-id="pd157317-Bw3AHx3i">
        如果解决呢?很简单，使用&amp;&amp;，例如:</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">cd</span> <span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">temp</span><span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">log</span><span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-operator">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="cm-variable">rm</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">rf</span> <span class="cm-operator">*</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-S7BKLqZt">
        这样就会确保前一条命令执行成功，才会执行后面一条。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-EvQM6Ha7" id="h6e90be6-EvQM6Ha7">
        查看压缩日志文件</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-VwsFLY1R">
        有时候日志文件是压缩的，那么能不能偷懒一下，不解压查看呢?当然可以啦。</p>
<p data-id="pd157317-bUrhnqsb">
        例如：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">zcat</span> <span class="cm-variable">test</span>.<span class="cm-property">gz</span> <span class="cm-variable">test</span> <span class="cm-variable">log</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-Siil0tF9">
        或者：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">zless</span> <span class="cm-variable">test</span>.<span class="cm-property">gz</span> <span class="cm-variable">test</span> <span class="cm-variable">log</span></pre>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-oD4r0qee" id="h6e90be6-oD4r0qee">
        删除乱码文件</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-fPr0HpJK">
        无论是自己意外创建还是程序异常创建，难免会出现一些命名奇怪或者乱码的文件，如何删除呢?参考《linux中删除特殊名称文件的多种方式》。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-OgyEVES1" id="h6e90be6-OgyEVES1">
        清空文件内容</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-gcqtQL7Z">
        比如有一个大文件，你想快速删除，或者不想删除，但是想清空内容：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-operator">&gt;</span><span class="cm-variable">filename</span></pre>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-OzAoHHHw" id="h6e90be6-OzAoHHHw">
        将日志同时记录文件并打印到控制台</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-ajpefSWC">
        在执行shell脚本，常常会将日志重定向，但是这样的话，控制台就没有打印了，如何使得既能记录日志文件，又能将日志输出到控制台呢?</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> .<span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">test</span>.<span class="cm-property">sh</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span><span class="cm-variable">tee</span> <span class="cm-variable">test</span>.<span class="cm-property">log</span></pre>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-EYSjx2Qm" id="h6e90be6-EYSjx2Qm">
        终止并恢复进程执行</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-7mLWSnrG">
        我们使用ctrl+z 暂停一个进程的执行，也可以使用fg恢复执行。例如我们使用</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">cat</span> <span class="cm-variable">filename</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-8CLarPWN">
        当我们发现文件内容可能很多时，使用ctrl+z暂停程序，而如果又想要从刚才的地方继续执行，则只需要使用fg命令即可恢复执行。或者使用bg使得进程继续在后台执行。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-4qHmsR8R" id="h6e90be6-4qHmsR8R">
        计算程序运行时间</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-S8rxzG4c">
        我们可能会进程写一些小程序，并且想要知道它的运行时间，实际上我们可以很好的利用time命令帮我们计算，例如：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">time</span> .<span class="cm-operator">/</span><span class="cm-variable">fibo</span> <span class="cm-number">30</span> <span class="cm-variable">the</span> <span class="cm-number">30</span> <span class="cm-variable">result</span> <span class="cm-variable">is</span> <span class="cm-number">832040</span> <span class="cm-variable">real</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span><span class="cm-variable">m0</span><span class="cm-number">.088</span><span class="cm-variable">s</span> <span class="cm-variable">user</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span><span class="cm-variable">m0</span><span class="cm-number">.084</span><span class="cm-variable">s</span> <span class="cm-variable">sys</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span><span class="cm-variable">m0</span><span class="cm-number">.004</span><span class="cm-variable">s</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-PW3rejKQ">
        它会显示系统时间，用户时间以及实际使用的总时间。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-kgBfcapv" id="h6e90be6-kgBfcapv">
        查看内存占用前10的进程</h4>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">ps</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">aux</span><span class="cm-operator">|</span><span class="cm-variable">sort</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">k4nr</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span><span class="cm-variable">head</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">n</span> <span class="cm-number">10</span></pre>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-3fde7aOq" id="h6e90be6-3fde7aOq">
        快速查找你需要的命令</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-Szcz0dNZ">
        我们都知道man可以查看命令的帮助手册，但是如果我们想要某个功能却不知道使用哪个命令呢?别着急，还是可以使用man：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">man</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">k</span> <span class="cm-string">"copy files"</span> <span class="cm-variable">cp</span> (<span class="cm-number">1</span>) <span class="cm-operator">-</span> <span class="cm-variable">copy</span> <span class="cm-variable">files</span> <span class="cm-variable">and</span> <span class="cm-variable">directories</span> <span class="cm-variable">cpio</span> (<span class="cm-number">1</span>) <span class="cm-operator">-</span> <span class="cm-variable">copy</span> <span class="cm-variable">files</span> <span class="cm-variable">to</span> <span class="cm-variable">and</span> <span class="cm-variable">from</span> <span class="cm-variable">archives</span> <span class="cm-variable">git</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">checkout</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">index</span> (<span class="cm-number">1</span>) <span class="cm-operator">-</span> <span class="cm-variable">Copy</span> <span class="cm-variable">files</span> <span class="cm-variable">from</span> <span class="cm-variable">the</span> <span class="cm-variable">index</span> <span class="cm-variable">to</span> <span class="cm-variable">the</span> <span class="cm-variable">working</span> <span class="cm-variable">tree</span> <span class="cm-variable">gvfs</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">copy</span> (<span class="cm-number">1</span>) <span class="cm-operator">-</span> <span class="cm-variable">Copy</span> <span class="cm-variable">files</span> <span class="cm-variable">gvfs</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">move</span> (<span class="cm-number">1</span>) <span class="cm-operator">-</span> <span class="cm-variable">Copy</span> <span class="cm-variable">files</span> <span class="cm-variable">install</span> (<span class="cm-number">1</span>) <span class="cm-operator">-</span> <span class="cm-variable">copy</span> <span class="cm-variable">files</span> <span class="cm-variable">and</span> <span class="cm-variable">set</span> <span class="cm-variable">attributes</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-BeQfe9cQ">
        使用-k参数，使得与copy files相关的帮助手册都显示出来了。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-UtQNNpY1" id="h6e90be6-UtQNNpY1">
        命令行下的复制粘贴</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-XsxzJpGp">
        我们知道，在命令行下，复制不能再是ctrl + c了，因为它表示终止当前进程，而命令行下的复制粘贴需要使用下面的快捷键：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">ctrl</span> <span class="cm-operator">+</span> <span class="cm-variable">insert</span> <span class="cm-variable">shift</span> <span class="cm-operator">+</span> <span class="cm-variable">insert</span></pre>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-PeMI1dr3" id="h6e90be6-PeMI1dr3">
        搜索包含某个字符串的文件</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-B0LdT9iF">
        例如，要在当前目录下查找包含test字符串的文件：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">grep</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">rn</span> <span class="cm-string">"test"</span> <span class="cm-variable">test2</span>.<span class="cm-property">txt</span>:<span class="cm-number">1</span>:<span class="cm-variable">test</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-oZOSBDs3">
        它便可以找到该字符串在哪个文件的第几行。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-QUJR69Cm" id="h6e90be6-QUJR69Cm">
        屏幕冻结</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-E22qUvQT">
        程序运行时，终端可能输出大量的日志，你想简单查看一下，又不想记录日志文件，此时可以使用ctrl+s键，冻结屏幕，使得日志不再继续输出，而如果想要恢复，可使用ctrl+q退出冻结。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-Gben0QWW" id="h6e90be6-Gben0QWW">
        无编辑器情况下编辑文本文件</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-uPHP4GDN">
        如果在某些系统上连基本的vi编辑器都没有，那么可以使用下面的方式进行编辑内容：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">cat</span> <span class="cm-operator">&gt;</span><span class="cm-variable">file</span>.<span class="cm-property">txt</span> <span class="cm-variable">some</span> <span class="cm-variable">words</span> (<span class="cm-variable">ctrl</span><span class="cm-operator">+</span><span class="cm-variable">d</span>)</pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-Jp0qS4Zd">
        编辑完成后，ctrl+d即可保存。</p>
<h3 data-id="h26976cb-VhClL1EP" id="h26976cb-VhClL1EP">
        查看elf文件</h3>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-XLpOYdQf" id="h6e90be6-XLpOYdQf">
        查看elf文件头信息</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-jgGHGUCm">
        例如：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">readelf</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">h</span> <span class="cm-variable">filename</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-EQs5b8l1">
        我们在显示结果中，可以看到运行的平台，elf文件类型，大小端情况等。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-Fe7gDVOO" id="h6e90be6-Fe7gDVOO">
        查看库中是否包含某个接口</h4>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">nm</span> <span class="cm-variable">filename</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span><span class="cm-variable">grep</span> <span class="cm-variable">interface</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-KqYJio3b">
        这里是从文件filename中查看是否包含interface接口，前提是该文件包含符号表。</p>
<p data-id="pd157317-ut5Tm9SH">
        更多相关内容，可参考《linux常用命令-开发调试篇》</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-8WQWLGQQ" id="h6e90be6-8WQWLGQQ">
        过滤查看日志</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-NuXhPlTD">
        例如想要查看包含test关键字的日志行：</p>
<pre>
<span class="cm-variable">$</span> <span class="cm-variable">sed</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">n</span> <span class="cm-string">"/test/p"</span> <span class="cm-variable">logfile</span></pre>
<p data-id="pd157317-B2hvdMYT">
        这样只会显示那些包含test行的日志。</p>
<h4 data-id="h6e90be6-aJTlKHJD" id="h6e90be6-aJTlKHJD">
        总结</h4>
<p data-id="pd157317-Ly0gt914">
        本文所提到的内容建议自己上机操作，体验效果。</p>
<p>
        原文地址:https://www.toutiao.com/a7068997249958806051/</p>

查看完整版本: Linux小技巧大大提高你的工作效率