虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解
<p>本文研究的主要是虚拟机linux桥接模式下设置静态ip的相关内容，具体介绍如下。</p>
<p>
之前一直使用nat模式，测试时android端远程访问虚拟机的mysql时发现无法连接，但是访问同学拷过来的虚拟机linux的mysql却成功了，想了下原因是他设置的桥接模式。关于两种模式的区别，网上可以搜到一大堆文章，通俗点讲，nat模式下，虚拟机从属于主机，也就是访问外部网络必须通过主机来访问，因此虚拟机的ip只有主机才能识别。而桥接模式下，虚拟机和主机是平行关系，共享一张网卡（使用网卡的多个接口），可以直接访问外部网络。</p>
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因此要想远程访问虚拟机的mysql，需要用桥接模式而非nat模式。但是桥接模式的ip一般会变动，为了避免每次远程连接都要重新设置ip，这里设置成静态ip。</p>
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<span><strong>第一步，linux下查看ip</strong></span></p>
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<img title="虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解" alt="虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解" id="theimg" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/abc773982426113327ac08e83b6d76a3.jpg"></p>
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我这里是ubuntu 16.04，这里有2项，下面一项是lo（本地环回）可以不管，上面一项才是需要配置的。注意这里我的虚拟网卡是ens33，待会儿修改的也是ens33，网上很多配置教程他们的linux系统的网卡名字并不是ens33（比如有的是eth0）。</p>
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<span><strong>第二步，设置虚拟网络</strong></span></p>
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vmware的菜单中，编辑->虚拟网络编辑器</p>
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<img title="虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解" alt="虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解" id="theimg" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/9287ef19d862a6d9bab7909eb60a4de6.jpg"></p>
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修改vmnet信息中的“桥接到”为网卡适配器，默认是自动。</p>
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<span><strong>第三步，查看主机（这里是windows）的ip信息</strong></span></p>
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命令是ipconfig /all，之所以在后面加上/all选项是为了查看网卡的描述</p>
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<img title="虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解" alt="虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解" id="theimg" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/78bf877493f66349ca8f4a9e89211105.jpg"></p>
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注意，这里的描述qualcomm atheros和刚才第二步选择的网卡名字是一致的，记住主机的三个重要项</p>
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ipv4地址：192.168.5.63 子网掩码：255.255.255.0 默认网关：192.168.5.1</p>
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<span><strong>第四步：修改linux的网络接口配置</strong></span></p>
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<code class="cpp plain">$ sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces</code>
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修改文件（具体路径随系统而异），将ens33设为同一网段下的新ip，这里我设为192.168.5.64。（同一网段的ip计算方法是，ip和子网掩码and运算结果一致，比如192.168.5.63和255.255.255.0求and得到192.168.5.0，具体知识参考计算机网络教材的ip部分）</p>
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<img title="虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解" alt="虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解" id="theimg" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/23a2c0381f477ff59c81c2549bb779fd.jpg"></p>
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第5~10行是我手动编辑的，可以看到gateway和netmask和主机上一致，只修改了address。</p>
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<span><strong>第五步：设置dns</strong></span></p>
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<code class="cpp plain">xyz@ubuntu:~$ sudo vim /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head</code>
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<img title="虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解" alt="虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解" id="theimg" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/d2582e82ebb5e49681198b170b417a32.jpg"></p>
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然后重启虚拟机网络服务即可（实践证明这一步并无卵用，虽然不知为何，还是老老实实重启系统吧……）</p>
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<code class="cpp plain">xyz@ubuntu:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart </code>
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<code class="cpp plain">[ ok ] restarting networking (via systemctl): networking.service.</code>
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现在检查配置是否有误</p>
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查看ip，已经变成了设置的192.168.5.64</p>
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<img title="虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解" alt="虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解" id="theimg" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/8b1fd4918ccf4bf56a9dc6be98462c0f.jpg"></p>
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尝试ping一个网址</p>
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<code class="cpp plain">xyz@ubuntu:~$ ping www.baidu.com</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">ping www.a.shifen.com (180.97.33.108) 56(84) bytes of data.</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">bytes from 180.97.33.108: icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 </code><code class="cpp functions bold">time</code><code class="cpp plain">=40.5 ms</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">bytes from 180.97.33.108: icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 </code><code class="cpp functions bold">time</code><code class="cpp plain">=35.9 ms</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">bytes from 180.97.33.108: icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 </code><code class="cpp functions bold">time</code><code class="cpp plain">=38.6 ms</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">bytes from 180.97.33.108: icmp_seq=4 ttl=54 </code><code class="cpp functions bold">time</code><code class="cpp plain">=35.5 ms</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">^c</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, </code><code class="cpp functions bold">time</code> <code class="cpp plain">3006ms</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 35.582/37.696/40.584/2.056 ms</code>
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试主机ping虚拟机</p>
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<img title="虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解" alt="虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解" id="theimg" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/6f245837b3af9e4bd6d00023634f8ea4.jpg"></p>
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但是虚拟机ping主机就失败了</p>
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<code class="cpp plain">xyz@ubuntu:~$ ping 192.168.5.63</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">ping 192.168.5.63 (192.168.5.63) 56(84) bytes of data.</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">^c</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">--- 192.168.5.63 ping statistics ---</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">4 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, </code><code class="cpp functions bold">time</code> <code class="cpp plain">2999ms</code>
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原因是主机开启了防火墙，关闭公用网络的防火墙</p>
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<img title="虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解" alt="虚拟机Linux桥接模式下设置静态IP详解" id="theimg" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/bbcec8b5aa03d887857cd89923409fc9.jpg"></p>
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再次ping主机就成功了</p>
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<code class="cpp plain">xyz@ubuntu:~$ ping 192.168.5.63</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">ping 192.168.5.63 (192.168.5.63) 56(84) bytes of data.</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">bytes from 192.168.5.63: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 </code><code class="cpp functions bold">time</code><code class="cpp plain">=0.931 ms</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">bytes from 192.168.5.63: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 </code><code class="cpp functions bold">time</code><code class="cpp plain">=0.719 ms</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">bytes from 192.168.5.63: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 </code><code class="cpp functions bold">time</code><code class="cpp plain">=0.411 ms</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">bytes from 192.168.5.63: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 </code><code class="cpp functions bold">time</code><code class="cpp plain">=0.448 ms</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">^c</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">--- 192.168.5.63 ping statistics ---</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, </code><code class="cpp functions bold">time</code> <code class="cpp plain">3000ms</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.411/0.627/0.931/0.212 ms</code>
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<span><strong>总结</strong></span></p>
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以上就是本文关于虚拟机linux桥接模式下设置静态ip详解的全部内容，希望对大家有所帮助。感兴趣的朋友可以继续参阅本站其他相关专题，如有不足之处，欢迎留言指出。感谢朋友们对本站的支持！</p>
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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/Harley-Quinn/p/7458373.html</p>
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