linux IPC之socket解析及实例代码

西圣地 發表於 2023-7-17 00:00:00

<p>
Linux下的Socket通信是一种基于文件的IPC通信，也可以是基于其他设备的IPC通信。它可以在本机内不同进程间实现通信，也可以在实现不同主机之间的通信。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>socket的创建步骤</strong></span></p>
<p>
服务端</p>
<p>
1.通过socket()函数创建socket<br>
2.通过bind函数绑定socket于设备地址<br>
3.通过listen监听指定的socket<br>
4.通过accept等待客户端的连接</p>
<p>
客户端</p>
<p>
1.通过socket()函数创建socket<br>
2.通过connect连接到服务端</p>
<p>
待经过上面的步骤后，服务端和客户端已经建立了链接，可以通过write/read或者sendto/recvfrom发送/接收数据.</p>
<p>
<span><strong>示列</strong></span></p>
<p>
<strong>1.服务端</strong></p>
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<code class="cpp comments">//s_unix.c</code>
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<code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <stdio.h></code>
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<code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <sys/types.h></code>
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<code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <sys/socket.h></code>
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<code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <sys/un.h> </code>
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<code class="cpp preprocessor">#define UNIX_DOMAIN "/tmp/UNIX.domain"</code>
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<code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">main(</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">void</code><code class="cpp plain">)</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">{</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">socklen_t clt_addr_len;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">listen_fd;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">com_fd;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">ret;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">i;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">static</code> <code class="cpp color1 bold">char</code> <code class="cpp plain">recv_buf; </code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">len;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockaddr_un clt_addr;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockaddr_un srv_addr;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">listen_fd=socket(PF_UNIX,SOCK_STREAM,0);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">if</code><code class="cpp plain">(listen_fd<0)</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">{</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp functions bold">perror</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"cannot create communication socket"</code><code class="cpp plain">);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">return</code> <code class="cpp plain">1;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">} </code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp comments">//set server addr_param</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">srv_addr.sun_family=AF_UNIX;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp functions bold">strncpy</code><code class="cpp plain">(srv_addr.sun_path,UNIX_DOMAIN,</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">sizeof</code><code class="cpp plain">(srv_addr.sun_path)-1);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">unlink(UNIX_DOMAIN);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp comments">//bind sockfd & addr</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">ret=bind(listen_fd,(</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockaddr*)&srv_addr,</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">sizeof</code><code class="cpp plain">(srv_addr));</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">if</code><code class="cpp plain">(ret==-1)</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">{</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp functions bold">perror</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"cannot bind server socket"</code><code class="cpp plain">);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp plain">close(listen_fd);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp plain">unlink(UNIX_DOMAIN);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">return</code> <code class="cpp plain">1;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">}</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp comments">//listen sockfd </code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">ret=listen(listen_fd,1);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">if</code><code class="cpp plain">(ret==-1)</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">{</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp functions bold">perror</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"cannot listen the client connect request"</code><code class="cpp plain">);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp plain">close(listen_fd);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp plain">unlink(UNIX_DOMAIN);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">return</code> <code class="cpp plain">1;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">}</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp comments">//have connect request use accept</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">len=</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">sizeof</code><code class="cpp plain">(clt_addr);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">com_fd=accept(listen_fd,(</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockaddr*)&clt_addr,&len);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">if</code><code class="cpp plain">(com_fd<0)</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">{</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp functions bold">perror</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"cannot accept client connect request"</code><code class="cpp plain">);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp plain">close(listen_fd);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp plain">unlink(UNIX_DOMAIN);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">return</code> <code class="cpp plain">1;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">}</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp comments">//read and printf sent client info</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp functions bold">printf</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"/n=====info=====/n"</code><code class="cpp plain">);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">for</code><code class="cpp plain">(i=0;i<4;i++)</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">{</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp functions bold">memset</code><code class="cpp plain">(recv_buf,0,1024);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">num=read(com_fd,recv_buf,</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">sizeof</code><code class="cpp plain">(recv_buf));</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp functions bold">printf</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"Message from client (%d)) :%s/n"</code><code class="cpp plain">,num,recv_buf); </code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">}</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">close(com_fd);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">close(listen_fd);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">unlink(UNIX_DOMAIN);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">return</code> <code class="cpp plain">0;</code>
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<code class="cpp plain">}</code>
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<p>
<strong>2.客户端</strong></p>
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<code class="cpp comments">//c_unix.c</code>
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<code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <stdio.h></code>
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<code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <sys/types.h></code>
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<code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <sys/socket.h></code>
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<code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <sys/un.h></code>
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<code class="cpp preprocessor">#define UNIX_DOMAIN "/tmp/UNIX.domain"</code>
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<code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">main(</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">void</code><code class="cpp plain">)</code>
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<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="cpp plain">{</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">connect_fd;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">ret;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">char</code> <code class="cpp plain">snd_buf;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">i;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">static</code> <code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockaddr_un srv_addr;</code>
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<code class="cpp comments">//creat unix socket</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">connect_fd=socket(PF_UNIX,SOCK_STREAM,0);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">if</code><code class="cpp plain">(connect_fd<0)</code>
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<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">{</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp functions bold">perror</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"cannot create communication socket"</code><code class="cpp plain">);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">return</code> <code class="cpp plain">1;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">} </code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">srv_addr.sun_family=AF_UNIX;</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp functions bold">strcpy</code><code class="cpp plain">(srv_addr.sun_path,UNIX_DOMAIN);</code>
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<code class="cpp comments">//connect server</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">ret=connect(connect_fd,(</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockaddr*)&srv_addr,</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">sizeof</code><code class="cpp plain">(srv_addr));</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">if</code><code class="cpp plain">(ret==-1)</code>
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<div class="line number26 index25 alt1">
<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">{</code>
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<div class="line number27 index26 alt2">
<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp functions bold">perror</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"cannot connect to the server"</code><code class="cpp plain">);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp plain">close(connect_fd);</code>
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<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">return</code> <code class="cpp plain">1;</code>
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<div class="line number30 index29 alt1">
<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">}</code>
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<div class="line number31 index30 alt2">
<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp functions bold">memset</code><code class="cpp plain">(snd_buf,0,1024);</code>
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<div class="line number32 index31 alt1">
<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp functions bold">strcpy</code><code class="cpp plain">(snd_buf,</code><code class="cpp string">"message from client"</code><code class="cpp plain">);</code>
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<div class="line number33 index32 alt2">
<code class="cpp comments">//send info server</code>
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<div class="line number34 index33 alt1">
<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">for</code><code class="cpp plain">(i=0;i<4;i++)</code>
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<div class="line number35 index34 alt2">
<code class="cpp spaces">    </code><code class="cpp plain">write(connect_fd,snd_buf,</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">sizeof</code><code class="cpp plain">(snd_buf));</code>
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<div class="line number36 index35 alt1">
<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp plain">close(connect_fd);</code>
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<div class="line number37 index36 alt2">
<code class="cpp spaces">  </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">return</code> <code class="cpp plain">0;</code>
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<div class="line number38 index37 alt1">
<code class="cpp plain">}</code>
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<span><strong>总结</strong></span></p>
<p>
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<p>
原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/u010657219/article/details/44059073</p>

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linux IPC之socket解析及实例代码