在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法
<p><strong>监控服务器 - 什么是 zabbix</strong></p>
<p>
zabbix 是企业级开源分布式监控服务器解决方案。该软件能监控网络的不同参数以及服务器的完整性，还允许为任何事件配置基于电子邮件的警报。zabbix 根据存储在数据库（例如 mysql）中的数据提供报告和数据可视化功能。软件收集的每个测量指标都可以通过基于 web 的界面访问。</p>
<p>
zabbix 根据 gnu 通用公共许可证版本 2（gplv2）的条款发布，完全免费。</p>
<p>
在本教程中，我们将在运行 mysql、apache 和 php 的 ubuntu 16.04 server 上安装 zabbix。</p>
<p>
<strong>安装 zabbix 服务器</strong></p>
<p>
首先，我们需要安装 zabbix 所需的几个 php 模块：</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># apt-get install php7.0-bcmath php7.0-xml php7.0-mbstring</code>
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<p>
ubuntu 仓库中提供的 zabbix 软件包已经过时了。使用官方 zabbix 仓库安装最新的稳定版本。</p>
<p>
通过执行以下命令来安装仓库软件包：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ wget http:</code><code class="bash plain">//repo</code><code class="bash plain">.zabbix.com</code><code class="bash plain">/zabbix/3</code><code class="bash plain">.2</code><code class="bash plain">/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_3</code><code class="bash plain">.2-1+xenial_all.deb</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># dpkg -i zabbix-release_3.2-1+xenial_all.deb</code>
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然后更新 <code>apt</code> 包源：</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># apt-get update</code>
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现在可以安装带有 mysql 支持和 php 前端的 zabbix 服务器。执行命令：</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># apt-get install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-frontend-php</code>
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安装 zabbix 代理：</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># apt-get install zabbix-agent</code>
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zabbix 现已安装。下一步是配置数据库来存储数据。</p>
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<strong>为 zabbix 配置 mysql</strong></p>
<p>
我们需要创建一个新的 mysql 数据库，zabbix 将用来存储收集的数据。</p>
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启动 mysql shell：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ mysql -uroot -p</code>
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接下来：</p>
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<code class="sql plain">mysql> </code><code class="sql keyword">create</code> <code class="sql keyword">database</code> <code class="sql plain">zabbix </code><code class="sql keyword">character</code> <code class="sql keyword">set</code> <code class="sql plain">utf8 </code><code class="sql keyword">collate</code> <code class="sql plain">utf8_bin;</code>
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<code class="sql plain">query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)</code>
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<code class="sql plain">mysql> </code><code class="sql keyword">grant</code> <code class="sql color1">all</code> <code class="sql keyword">privileges</code> <code class="sql keyword">on</code> <code class="sql plain">zabbix.* </code><code class="sql keyword">to</code> <code class="sql plain">zabbix@localhost identified </code><code class="sql keyword">by</code> <code class="sql string">'usr_strong_pwd'</code><code class="sql plain">;</code>
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<code class="sql plain">query ok, 0 </code><code class="sql keyword">rows</code> <code class="sql plain">affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)</code>
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<code class="sql plain">mysql> exit;</code>
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<code class="sql plain">bye</code>
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<p>
接下来，导入初始表和数据。</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql/create.sql.gz | mysql -uzabbix -p zabbix</code>
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输入在 mysql shell 中创建的 zabbix 用户的密码。</p>
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接下来，我们需要编辑 zabbix 服务器配置文件，它是 <code>/etc/zabbix/zabbis_server.conf</code>：</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># $editor /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf</code>
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搜索文件的 <code>dbpassword</code> 部分：</p>
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<code class="plain plain">### option: dbpassword </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># database password. ignored for sqlite. </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># comment this line if no password is used.</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># mandatory: no </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># default: </code>
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<code class="plain plain"># dbpassword=</code>
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取消注释 <code>dbpassword=</code> 这行，并添加在 mysql 中创建的密码：</p>
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<code class="plain plain">dbpassword=usr_strong_pwd</code>
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接下来，查找 <code>dbhost=</code> 这行并取消注释。</p>
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保存并退出。</p>
<p>
<strong>配置 php</strong></p>
<p>
我们需要配置 php 来使用 zabbix。在安装过程中，安装程序在 <code>/etc/zabbix</code> 中创建了一个名为 <code>apache.conf</code> 的配置文件。打开此文件：</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># $editor /etc/zabbix/apache.conf</code>
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此时，只需要取消注释 <code>date.timezone</code> 并设置正确的时区：</p>
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<code class="xml plain"><</code><code class="xml keyword">ifmodule</code> <code class="xml plain">mod_php7.c></code>
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<code class="xml spaces"> </code><code class="xml plain">php_value max_execution_time 300</code>
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<code class="xml spaces"> </code><code class="xml plain">php_value memory_limit 128m</code>
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<code class="xml spaces"> </code><code class="xml plain">php_value post_max_size 16m</code>
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<code class="xml spaces"> </code><code class="xml plain">php_value upload_max_filesize 2m</code>
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<code class="xml spaces"> </code><code class="xml plain">php_value max_input_time 300</code>
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<code class="xml spaces"> </code><code class="xml plain">php_value always_populate_raw_post_data -1</code>
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<code class="xml spaces"> </code><code class="xml plain">php_value date.timezone europe/rome</code>
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<code class="xml plain"></</code><code class="xml keyword">ifmodule</code><code class="xml plain">></code>
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保存并退出。</p>
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此时，重启 apache 并启动 zabbix server 服务，使其能够在开机时启动：</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># systemctl restart apache2</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># systemctl start zabbix-server</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># systemctl enable zabbix-server</code>
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用 <code>systemctl</code> 检查 zabbix 状态：</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># systemctl status zabbix-server</code>
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这个命令应该输出：</p>
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<code class="xml plain">â zabbix-server.service - zabbix server</code>
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<code class="xml spaces"> </code><code class="xml plain">loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-server.service; enabled; vendor pr</code>
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<code class="xml spaces"> </code><code class="xml plain">active: active (running) ...</code>
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此时，zabbix 的服务器端已经正确安装和配置了。</p>
<p>
<strong>配置 zabbix web 前端</strong></p>
<p>
如介绍中所述，zabbix 有一个基于 web 的前端，我们将用于可视化收集的数据。但是，必须配置此接口。</p>
<p>
使用 web 浏览器，进入 url <code>http://localhost/zabbix</code>。</p>
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<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" alt="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/81299c5412ef4d6ad0548c5e4fde16f1.jpg"></p>
<p>
点击 next step</p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" alt="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/16a4e9dff921ad2b7f4b3933b0f4c0ca.jpg"></p>
<p>
确保所有的值都是 ok，然后再次单击 next step 。</p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" alt="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/45d097abb38ecc56315e2ee9c22da613.jpg"></p>
<p>
输入 mysql zabbix 的用户密码，然后点击 next step。</p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" alt="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/fbca5740bead3226fa47072dadfc0eb6.jpg"></p>
<p>
单击 next step ，安装程序将显示具有所有配置参数的页面。再次检查以确保一切正确。</p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" alt="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/743e9afce71ca581cf0efb774788d101.jpg"></p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" alt="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/87b54db2d9038b7a94cbdb8e8eca36f9.jpg"></p>
<p>
点击 next step 进入最后一页。</p>
<p>
点击完成以完成前端安装。默认用户名为 admin，密码是 zabbix。</p>
<p>
<strong>zabbix 服务器入门</strong></p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" alt="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/f86e66f9a9280d7ae826cef0a9dc73ab.jpg"></p>
<p>
使用上述凭证登录后，我们将看到 zabbix 面板：</p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" alt="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/976e7491b4c61d0a66f026da7999e60f.jpg"></p>
<p>
前往 administration -> users，了解已启用帐户的概况：</p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" alt="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/502f7a5799b70857b51c9fd5a1af687b.jpg"></p>
<p>
通过点击 create user 创建一个新帐户。</p>
<p>
<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" alt="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/575df7c8e017bd888200dd97130747a8.jpg"></p>
<p>
点击 groups 中的 add，然后选择一个组：</p>
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<img style="max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;"title="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" alt="在Ubuntu 16.04 Server上安装Zabbix的方法" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/4ed1a9a5fce1e464a916af8a224a4f81.jpg"></p>
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保存新用户凭证，它将显示在 administration -> users 面板中。</p>
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请注意，在 zabbix 中，主机的访问权限分配给用户组，而不是单个用户。</p>
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<strong>总结</strong></p>
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我们结束了 zabbix server 安装的教程。现在，监控基础设施已准备好完成其工作并收集有关需要在 zabbix 配置中添加的服务器的数据。</p>
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以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。</p>
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原文链接：https://linux.cn/article-8760-1.html</p>
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