Ubuntu 远程登陆服务器 ssh的安装和配置详解
<p>以下命令若无加粗备注说明在本地计算机操作，则都是在服务器端操作</p>
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<strong>1 安装并使用ssh远程登陆</strong></p>
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更新软件列表</p>
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<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get update</code>
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更新本地软件</p>
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<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get upgrade</code>
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安装ssh服务</p>
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<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">openssh-server</code>
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开启ssh服务</p>
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<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">/etc/init</code><code class="bash plain">.d</code><code class="bash plain">/ssh</code> <code class="bash plain">start</code>
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查看本机IP地址</p>
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inet字段后面的就是你的IP地址</p>
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<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash functions">ifconfig</code>
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远程登陆</p>
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在本地计算机终端内输入ssh <username>@<server IP></p>
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此处我们假设服务器上的用户名和IP地址为xiaoming和192.168.1.1，请自动替换为自己的，后面不再赘述</p>
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<code class="bash functions">ssh</code> <code class="bash plain">xiaoming@192.168.1.1</code>
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<strong>2 设置远程登陆快捷键</strong></p>
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每次登陆服务器都要输用户名和密码很麻烦，而且IP地址也不好记，因此可以修改.bashrc文件来给远程登陆设置快键键</p>
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在本地计算机使用编辑器打开.bashrc配置文件</p>
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<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash functions">vi</code> <code class="bash plain">~/.bashrc</code>
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在最后面添加以下内容</p>
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<code class="plain plain">alias server='ssh xiaoming@192.168.1.1'</code>
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关闭文件，并在命令行内输入以下命令重新加载配置文件</p>
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<code class="bash functions">source</code> <code class="bash plain">~/.bashrc</code>
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以后在终端内输入server就可以远程登陆服务器了</p>
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<strong>3 添加公钥认证</strong></p>
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每次登陆时都要输入服务器的密码很麻烦，也不是很安全，此时就可以添加公钥认证来免去输入密码的麻烦并提高安全性</p>
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<strong>3.1 生成密钥对</strong></p>
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在本地计算机内输入以下命令</p>
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<code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">-keygen</code>
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会提示以下内容</p>
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<code class="plain plain">Generating public/private rsa key pair.</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Enter file in which to save the key (/home/python/.ssh/id_rsa):</code>
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直接enter确定就行</p>
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接下来系统会提示你设置密码以保证密钥安全，一般直接enter确定密码留空即可，如此即可在使用私钥认证的时候免去输入密码的麻烦</p>
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切换到密钥对目录</p>
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<code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">~/.</code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">/</code>
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此时就可以看到生成的私钥id_rsa和公钥id_rsa.pub,在~/.ssh目录内，记住无论如何都不要暴露自己的私钥id_rsa</p>
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<strong>3.2 复制公钥到远程服务器</strong></p>
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在本地计算机内输入以下命令</p>
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<code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">-copy-</code><code class="bash functions">id</code> <code class="bash plain">xiaoming@192.168.1.1</code>
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<strong>3.3 Done!</strong></p>
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完成以上配置，你就可以在本地计算机内输入以下命令来ssh远程登陆你的服务器了</p>
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<code class="bash plain">server</code>
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以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。</p>
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原文链接：http://songmingyao.com/Ubuntu%20%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%20ssh%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E5%92%8C%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE/</p>
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