Ubuntu中Opencv的安装使用教程

一顿操作猛如虎 發表於 2023-6-18 00:00:00

<p>
<span><strong>前言</strong></span></p>
<p>
OpenCV为基于BSD许可（开源）发行的跨平台计算机视觉库，可运行在Linux、Windows和Mac OS上。它轻量级而且高效，提供了Python、Ruby、MATLAB等语言接口，实现了图像处理和计算机视觉方面的很多通用算法。</p>
<p>
OpenCV不仅在进行软件开发的过程中需要用到，而且他也是很多开源软件的运行依赖，所以安装一个Opencv就很有必要了，即使自己本身并不想学习使用。</p>
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<span><strong>安装</strong></span></p>
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以下主要是从百度上找到的可用方法：</p>
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<strong>安装运行依赖</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">libqt4-dev libopencv-dev build-essential cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config\</code>
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<code class="bash plain">python-dev python-numpy libdc1394-22 libdc1394-22-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-dev libtiff5-dev \</code>
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<code class="bash plain">libjasper-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libxine2-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev\</code>
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<code class="bash plain">libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libv4l-dev libtbb-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev \</code>
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<code class="bash plain">libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264 v4l-utils unzip</code>
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<strong>下载源代码</strong></p>
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在官网下载适合的版本就好，我这下的是3.1.0。</p>
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下载完成解压就好。</p>
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<strong>编译</strong></p>
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编译还是有点麻烦的，现在都是用cmake结合make来编译，头一次用这个有点头大。</p>
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1、在文件目录下新建一个叫build/的文件夹，这个文件夹的目的主要是用来存放编译生成的临时文件。当然起别的名字也可以。</p>
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2、进入build/文件夹，输入以下命令</p>
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<code class="plain plain">cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D BUILD_PYTHON_SUPPORT=ON -D WITH_XINE=ON -D WITH_OPENGL=ON -D WITH_TBB=ON -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON -D BUILD_NEW_PYTHON_SUPPORT=ON -D WITH_V4L=ON ..</code>
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其实就是cmake命令后加些配置参数，最后是CMakeLists.txt配置文件的位置，这个位置当然就是../</p>
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3、编译安装，输入<code>make -j $(nproc)</code> (这是多进程make的命令，<code>\$(nproc)</code>就是进程数，当然也可以直接指定)，这会花很长时间，最后再<code>$ sudo make install </code>，对文件进行安装。</p>
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4、最后还要配置一些路径，输入以下命令</p>
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<code class="plain plain">/bin/bash -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf'</code>
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然后再ldconfig即可。（注意给权限）</p>
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5、最后可以用如下命令来判断是否安装成功</p>
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<code class="bash plain">pkg-config --modversion opencv</code>
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<code class="bash plain">pkg-config --cflags opencv</code>
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<span><strong>测试</strong></span></p>
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OpenCV在codeblock下可以通过加链接库的形式编译运行。但是如果在命令行下，就得手写cmake了。</p>
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为了方便测试，我们新建一个test文件夹，在这下面写一个测试程序。</p>
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<strong>首先新建如下文件，保存为test.cpp</strong></p>
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<code class="plain plain">#include<opencv2/highgui.hpp></code>
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<code class="plain plain">#include<opencv2/imgproc.hpp></code>
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<code class="plain plain">using namespace cv;</code>
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<code class="plain plain">int main(int argc ,char** argv){</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">if(argc!=2){</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">printf("No image data\n");</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">return -1;</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">}</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">char *imageName=argv;</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">Mat image;</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">image=imread(imageName,1);</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">if(!image.data){</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">printf("No iamge data\n");</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">return -1;</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">}</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">namedWindow(imageName,CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">imshow(imageName,image);</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">waitKey(0);</code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">return 0;</code>
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<code class="plain plain">}</code>
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<strong>然后随便把一个测试用图片复制到test文件夹下，我用的是他自带的最经典的lena.jpg。</strong></p>
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接着编写cmake配置文件，将下面的文件保存为CMakeLists.txt</p>
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<code class="plain plain">project(test)</code>
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<code class="plain plain">add_executable(test test.cpp)</code>
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<code class="plain plain">find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)</code>
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<code class="plain plain">target_link_libraries(test ${OpenCV_LIBS})</code>
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里面用到的各种文件的意义也很清楚了，以后照着改就行。</p>
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最后在test下新建build文件夹，进入后输入<code>cmake ../ </code>即可完成cmake编译，然后再输入make即可生成可执行文件。</p>
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找到test文件，然而在命令行下输入<code>./test ../lena.jpg </code>即可运行程序。</p>
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<span><strong>总结</strong></span></p>
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以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对的支持。</p>
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原文链接：https://blog.mythsman.com/2016/02/11/1/</p>

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Ubuntu中Opencv的安装使用教程