详解ubuntu 16.04 LTS 降级安装gcc 4.8
<p>由于gcc在5.x版本修改了ABI，导致新版本gcc编译的二进制文件放在老的环境下会报错，所以需要安装gcc4.8.5。4.8.5这个版本支持c++11。</p>
<p>
首先尝试下载gcc-4.8.5的源码编译安装，结果make时报错“libstdc++.so.6: : version `CXXABI_1.3.8' not found”。查了一下，不能用新版gcc来编译老版的gcc源码，(╯‵□′)╯︵┻━┻。</p>
<p>
其实，在ubuntu上安装老版gcc十分简单，直接用apt-get命令下载即可。</p>
<p>
<strong>第一步：</strong></p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_716774">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">gcc-4.8</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
输入密码，同意安装，接下来就自动下载安装4.8.5版本了。</p>
<p>
<strong>第二步：设置默认的gcc版本</strong></p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_453792">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">gcc --version</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
（可选）查看当前版本，不出意外的话会返回ubuntu16.04自带的5.4.0这个版本号，现在使用gcc命令编译时还是会用新版本。</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_598236">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">ls</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/bin/gcc</code><code class="bash plain">*</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
（可选）查看已有的gcc版本，确认一下刚才4.8.5有没有装成功。</p>
<p>
</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_66208">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">update-alternatives --</code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/bin/gcc</code> <code class="bash plain">gcc </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/bin/gcc-4</code><code class="bash plain">.8 </code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">100</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
将某个版本加入gcc候选中，最后的数字是优先级，我自己是直接设为100，没任何问题。</p>
<p>
接着输入：</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_119944">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">update-alternatives --config gcc</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
如果用过此方法配置过多个gcc版本，会看到如下选项：（注：复制于参考文献【2】，这里只是做个说明示范，实际装4.8时不会如下显示）</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterplain" id="highlighter_177544">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
4</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
5</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
6</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">选择 路径 优先级 状态</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="plain plain">------------------------------------------------------------</code>
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="plain plain">* 0 /usr/bin/gcc-4.4 50 自动模式</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">1 /usr/bin/gcc-4.4 50 手动模式</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">2 /usr/bin/gcc-4.5 40 手动模式</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">3 /usr/bin/gcc-4.6 30 手动模式</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
大多数情况是没有这么配置过，所以不会给选项，命令行会返回“仅有一个可用的gcc版本”（大意）。此时在运行gcc --version查看版本，发现4.8.5已经为默认的gcc版本。</p>
<p>
然后再按同样方法装上g++，如果只装gcc的话，用cmake配置出来的项目遇到c++代码还是会用之前版本的gcc。</p>
<p>
大功告成。</p>
<p>
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。</p>
<p>
原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/in4ight/p/6626708.html</p>
頁:
[1]