linux实现自动删除最旧的几个文件详解
<p><span><strong>前言</strong></span></p>
<p>
因为公司的文件服务器上存有所需的项目war包，一段时间以后，大量不用的工程文件占用磁盘空间，需要定期删除无用的文件。这些文件归属不同的项目目录下，创建的时间各不相同。某些陈旧项目已经数年没有更新。因此，不能只定期删除某个目录下的文件，更不能按时间删除多少天以前的文件。下面话不多说了，来一起看看详细的实现过程吧。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>推进</strong></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
统计目录下的文件夹数量<br><code>ls -l | grep '^d' | wc -l</code><br>
这里的<code>grep '^d'</code>是统计文件夹，如果统计文件数目，用<code>grep '^-'</code>
</li>
<li>
列举最老的2个文件<br><code>ls -tr | head -2 | xargs</code>
</li>
<li>
删除所有文件<br><code>rm -rf *</code>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
<span><strong>完工</strong></span></p>
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<code class="bash preprocessor bold">#!/bin/bash</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#不同的项目有不同的路径</code>
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<code class="bash plain">array=</code><code class="bash string">'project1'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">array=</code><code class="bash string">'project2'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">array=</code><code class="bash string">'com/project3'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">array=</code><code class="bash string">'com/phase/project4'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">array=</code><code class="bash string">'project5'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">array=</code><code class="bash string">'com/stor/sproject6'</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#项目的主干目录是相同的</code>
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<code class="bash plain">RELEASE=</code><code class="bash string">"/opt/devapps/nexus/sonatype-work/nexus/storage/release/"</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash plain">path </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">${array[@]};</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">do</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#拼接文件路径</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">releasepath=${RELEASE}${path}</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">$releasepath</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#判断是否存在该目录</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">if</code> <code class="bash plain">[ $? -</code><code class="bash keyword">eq</code> <code class="bash plain">0 ];</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">then</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">$releasepath</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash string">"Contains file:"</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#输出所有的内容</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">*</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">num=`</code><code class="bash functions">ls</code> <code class="bash plain">-l | </code><code class="bash functions">grep</code> <code class="bash string">'^d'</code> <code class="bash plain">| </code><code class="bash functions">wc</code> <code class="bash plain">-l`;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#判断文件夹的数量是否超过5个（我只想保留最新的5个文件夹）</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">if</code> <code class="bash plain">[$num -gt 5 ];</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">then</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#计算超过5个多少</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">num=`</code><code class="bash functions">expr</code> <code class="bash plain">$num - 5`</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">clean=`</code><code class="bash functions">ls</code> <code class="bash plain">-</code><code class="bash functions">tr</code> <code class="bash plain">| </code><code class="bash functions">head</code> <code class="bash plain">-$num | </code><code class="bash functions">xargs</code><code class="bash plain">`</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash string">"will delete file:"</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">${clean}</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#-n1 每次处理1个文件</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">ls</code> <code class="bash plain">-</code><code class="bash functions">tr</code> <code class="bash plain">| </code><code class="bash functions">head</code> <code class="bash plain">-$num | </code><code class="bash functions">xargs</code> <code class="bash plain">-i -n1 </code><code class="bash functions">rm</code> <code class="bash plain">-rf {}</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">fi</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">fi</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">done</code>
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<p>
<span><strong>完善</strong></span></p>
<p>
实际部署时，觉得直接删除文件不妥，应该是先备份到某一目录，再次运行脚本的时候，删除上次备份的文件。</p>
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<code class="bash preprocessor bold">#!/bin/bash</code>
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<code class="bash plain">array=</code><code class="bash string">'project1'</code>
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<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">array=</code><code class="bash string">'project2'</code>
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<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">array=</code><code class="bash string">'com/project3'</code>
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<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">array=</code><code class="bash string">'com/phase/project4'</code>
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<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">array=</code><code class="bash string">'project5'</code>
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<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">array=</code><code class="bash string">'com/stor/sproject6'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">RELEASE=</code><code class="bash string">"/opt/devapps/nexus/sonatype-work/nexus/storage/release/"</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#清空备份文件</code>
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<code class="bash plain">BACKUP=</code><code class="bash string">"/tmp/storage/"</code>
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<code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">$BACKUP</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">if</code> <code class="bash plain">[ $? -</code><code class="bash keyword">eq</code> <code class="bash plain">0 ];</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">then</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">rm</code> <code class="bash plain">-rf *</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">fi</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#清除超过5个文件之外最老的那些文件</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash plain">path </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">${array[@]};</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">do</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">releasepath=${RELEASE}${path}</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">$releasepath</code>
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<div class="line number23 index22 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">if</code> <code class="bash plain">[ $? -</code><code class="bash keyword">eq</code> <code class="bash plain">0 ];</code>
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<div class="line number24 index23 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">then</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">$releasepath</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash string">"Contains file:"</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">*</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">num=`</code><code class="bash functions">ls</code> <code class="bash plain">-l | </code><code class="bash functions">grep</code> <code class="bash string">'^d'</code> <code class="bash plain">| </code><code class="bash functions">wc</code> <code class="bash plain">-l`;</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">if</code> <code class="bash plain">[$num -gt 5 ];</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">then</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">num=`</code><code class="bash functions">expr</code> <code class="bash plain">$num - 5`</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">clean=`</code><code class="bash functions">ls</code> <code class="bash plain">-</code><code class="bash functions">tr</code> <code class="bash plain">| </code><code class="bash functions">head</code> <code class="bash plain">-$num | </code><code class="bash functions">xargs</code><code class="bash plain">`</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash string">"will delete file:"</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">${clean}</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash comments">#把文件移动到备份文件夹更安全</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">ls</code> <code class="bash plain">-</code><code class="bash functions">tr</code> <code class="bash plain">| </code><code class="bash functions">head</code> <code class="bash plain">-$num | </code><code class="bash functions">xargs</code> <code class="bash plain">-i -n1 </code><code class="bash functions">mv</code> <code class="bash plain">{} $BACKUP</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">fi</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">fi</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">done</code>
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<p>
<span><strong>自动化处理</strong></span></p>
<p>
将上述脚本保存为removecode.sh，然后添加crontab。</p>
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<code class="bash functions">crontab</code> <code class="bash plain">-e</code>
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<p>
添加如下一行，每月运行一次：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">0 0 1 * * </code><code class="bash plain">/opt/project/removecode</code><code class="bash plain">.sh > </code><code class="bash plain">/opt/project/remove</code><code class="bash plain">.log 2>&1 &</code>
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<span><strong>总结</strong></span></p>
<p>
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对的支持。</p>
<p>
原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/jiangchao858/article/details/54024632</p>
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