ubuntu系统中/etc/rc.local和/etc/init.d/rc.local的区别详解
<p><span><strong>前言</strong></span></p>
<p>
我们在ubuntu下要把一个程序加入开机启动，一般可以通过修改rc.local来完成，但ubuntu下有两个rc.local文件。分别是/etc/rc.local和/etc/init.d/rc.local。可以看一下两个文件的内容找到他俩的关系：</p>
<p>
<span><strong>/etc/init.d/rc.local</strong></span></p>
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<code class="py comments">#! /bin/sh</code>
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<code class="py comments">### BEGIN INIT INFO</code>
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<code class="py comments"># Provides: rc.local</code>
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<code class="py comments"># Required-Start: $all</code>
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<code class="py comments"># Required-Stop:</code>
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<code class="py comments"># Default-Start: 2 3 4 5</code>
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<code class="py comments"># Default-Stop:</code>
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<code class="py comments"># Short-Description: Run /etc/rc.local if it exist</code>
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<code class="py comments">### END INIT INFO</code>
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<code class="py plain">PATH</code><code class="py keyword">=</code><code class="py keyword">/</code><code class="py plain">sbin:</code><code class="py keyword">/</code><code class="py plain">usr</code><code class="py keyword">/</code><code class="py plain">sbin:</code><code class="py keyword">/</code><code class="py functions">bin</code><code class="py plain">:</code><code class="py keyword">/</code><code class="py plain">usr</code><code class="py keyword">/</code><code class="py functions">bin</code>
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<code class="py plain">. </code><code class="py keyword">/</code><code class="py plain">lib</code><code class="py keyword">/</code><code class="py plain">init</code><code class="py keyword">/</code><code class="py functions">vars</code><code class="py plain">.sh</code>
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<code class="py plain">. </code><code class="py keyword">/</code><code class="py plain">lib</code><code class="py keyword">/</code><code class="py plain">lsb</code><code class="py keyword">/</code><code class="py plain">init</code><code class="py keyword">-</code><code class="py plain">functions</code>
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<code class="py plain">do_start() {</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py keyword">if</code> <code class="py plain">[ </code><code class="py keyword">-</code><code class="py plain">x </code><code class="py keyword">/</code><code class="py plain">etc</code><code class="py keyword">/</code><code class="py plain">rc.local ]; then</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py plain">[ </code><code class="py string">"$VERBOSE"</code> <code class="py plain">!</code><code class="py keyword">=</code> <code class="py plain">no ] && log_begin_msg </code><code class="py string">"Running local boot scripts (/etc/rc.local)"</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py keyword">/</code><code class="py plain">etc</code><code class="py keyword">/</code><code class="py plain">rc.local</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py plain">ES</code><code class="py keyword">=</code><code class="py plain">$?</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py plain">[ </code><code class="py string">"$VERBOSE"</code> <code class="py plain">!</code><code class="py keyword">=</code> <code class="py plain">no ] && log_end_msg $ES</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py keyword">return</code> <code class="py plain">$ES</code>
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<code class="py plain">}</code>
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<code class="py plain">case </code><code class="py string">"$1"</code> <code class="py keyword">in</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py plain">start)</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py plain">do_start</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py plain">;;</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py plain">restart|</code><code class="py functions">reload</code><code class="py plain">|force</code><code class="py keyword">-</code><code class="py functions">reload</code><code class="py plain">)</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py plain">echo </code><code class="py string">"Error: argument '$1' not supported"</code> <code class="py plain">>&</code><code class="py value">2</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py plain">;;</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py plain">stop)</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py plain">;;</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py keyword">*</code><code class="py plain">)</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py plain">echo </code><code class="py string">"Usage: $0 start|stop"</code> <code class="py plain">>&</code><code class="py value">2</code>
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<code class="py spaces"> </code><code class="py plain">exit </code><code class="py value">3</code>
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<code class="py plain">esac</code>
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<p>
从注释可以看出该脚本运行在2 3 4 5的启动级别，只能处理start的参数，然后执行start，如果有/etc/rc.local文件的话则执行/etc/rc.local。如果要把开机启动的程序放/etc/init.d/rc.local文件里，记住千万别一股脑写文件最后面就行了，因为在case语句块里脚本就会退出。</p>
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<span><strong>/etc/rc.local</strong></span></p>
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<code class="py comments">#!/bin/sh -e</code>
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<code class="py comments">#</code>
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<code class="py comments"># rc.local</code>
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<code class="py comments">#</code>
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<code class="py comments"># This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.</code>
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<code class="py comments"># Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other</code>
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<code class="py comments"># value on error.</code>
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<code class="py comments">#</code>
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<code class="py comments"># In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution</code>
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<code class="py comments"># bits.</code>
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<code class="py comments">#</code>
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<code class="py comments"># By default this script does nothing.</code>
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<code class="py plain">exit </code><code class="py value">0</code>
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<p>
这个脚本里面基本没有内容，就是写个模板让你放开机自启动程序的。把你的程序写在exit 0行的前面就行了。</p>
<p>
所以要添加开机启动项，只需在/etc/rc.local文件中添加就行了。</p>
<p>
<strong>ubuntu的启动级别： </strong></p>
<p>
0 关机</p>
<p>
1 单用户</p>
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2-5 多用户图形界面</p>
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6 重启 </p>
<p>
对应每个启动级别，/etc/目录下都对应一个像/etc/rc5.d/这样的目录，下面是一些脚本，这些脚本基本都是对应/etc/init.d/目录下的软链接，命名里面的数字代表优先级，启动时这些脚本都会执行一遍。</p>
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<span><strong>备注：</strong></span>我的系统为ubuntu 15.04</p>
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<span><strong>总结</strong></span></p>
<p>
好了，以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对的支持。</p>
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原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/u013401853/article/details/71079595</p>
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