Linux常用命令last的使用方法详解
<p><span><strong>前言</strong></span></p>
<p>
本文主要给大家介绍了关于linux常用命令last用法的相关内容，分享出来供大家参考学习，话不多说，来一起看看详细的介绍吧。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>命令简介： </strong></span></p>
<p>
该命令用来列出目前与过去登录系统的用户相关信息。指令英文原义：show listing of last logged in users</p>
<p>
执行权限 ：有些需要特殊权限</p>
<p>
指令所在路径：/usr/bin/last</p>
<p>
执行last指令时，它会读取位于/var/log目录下名称为wtmp的文件，并把该给文件的内容记录的登录系统的用户名单全部显示出来。默认是显示wtmp的记录，btmp能显示的更详细，可以显示远程登录，例如ssh登录。</p>
<p>
utmp文件中保存的是当前正在本系统中的用户的信息。</p>
<p>
wtmp文件中保存的是登录过本系统的用户的信息。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>命令输出字段介绍： </strong></span></p>
<p>
第一列：用户名</p>
<p>
第二列：终端位置。pts/0 (伪终端) 意味着从诸如ssh或telnet的远程连接的用户.tty (teletypewriter) 意味着直接连接到计算机或者本地连接的用户</p>
<p>
第三列：登录ip或者内核 。如果你看见:0.0 或者什么都没有，这意味着用户通过本地终端连接。除了重启活动，内核版本会显示在状态中。</p>
<p>
第四列：开始时间</p>
<p>
第五列：结束时间（still login in 还未退出 down 直到正常关机 crash 直到强制关机）</p>
<p>
第六列：持续时间</p>
<p>
<span><strong>命令语法： </strong></span></p>
<p>
<code>last [-r] [-num] [ -n num ] [-adiowx] [ -f file ] [ -t yyyymmddhhmmss ] </code></p>
<p>
<span><strong>命令参数： </strong></span></p>
<p>
</p>
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<td width="36">
<p>
参数</p>
</td>
<td width="52">
<p>
长参数</p>
</td>
<td width="543">
<p>
描叙</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="36">
<p>
-a</p>
</td>
<td width="52">
</td>
<td width="543">
<p>
将登录系统的的主机名称或ip地址，显示在最后一行</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="36">
<p>
-d</p>
</td>
<td width="52">
</td>
<td width="543">
<p>
将ip地址转换成主机名称</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="36">
<p>
-f</p>
</td>
<td width="52">
</td>
<td width="543">
<p>
指定记录文件，默认是显示/var/log目录下的wtmp文件的记录，但/var/log目录下得btmp能显示的内容更丰富，可以显示远程登录，例如ssh登录 ，包括失败的登录请求。</p>
</td>
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<td width="36">
<p>
-i</p>
</td>
<td width="52">
</td>
<td width="543">
<p>
-i显示特定ip登录的情况。跟踪用 -i显示特定ip登录的情况。跟踪用</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="36">
<p>
-o</p>
</td>
<td width="52">
</td>
<td width="543">
<p>
read an old-type wtmp file (written by linux-libc5 applications).</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="36">
<p>
-n</p>
</td>
<td width="52">
</td>
<td width="543">
<p>
-n <显示行数>或-<显示行数> 设置显示多少行记录</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="36">
<p>
-w</p>
</td>
<td width="52">
</td>
<td width="543">
<p>
display full user and domain names in the output</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="36">
<p>
-r</p>
</td>
<td width="52">
</td>
<td width="543">
<p>
不显示登入系统的主机名称或ip（省略 hostname 的栏位）</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="36">
<p>
-t</p>
</td>
<td width="52">
</td>
<td width="543">
<p>
显示yyyymmddhhmmss之前的信息</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="36">
<p>
-x</p>
</td>
<td width="52">
</td>
<td width="543">
<p>
显示系统关闭、用户登录和退出的历史</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>
</p>
<p>
<span><strong>使用示例： </strong></span></p>
<p>
1：查看last命令的帮助信息</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># man last</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># last -h</code>
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<code class="bash plain">last: invalid option -- h</code>
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<code class="bash plain">usage: last [-num | -n num] [-f </code><code class="bash functions">file</code><code class="bash plain">] [-t yyyymmddhhmmss] [-r] [-x] [-o] [-w] [</code><code class="bash functions">tty</code><code class="bash plain">..]</code>
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<p>
2：显示最后登录系统的n条记录</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#last -10</code>
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<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0 wed dec 18 09:54 still logged </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code>
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/4</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0 wed dec 18 09:43 - 09:48 (00:04) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0 wed dec 18 09:43 - 09:48 (00:05) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/3</code> <code class="bash plain">192.168.103.79 wed dec 18 09:41 - 12:40 (02:59) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/4</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0 wed dec 18 09:28 - 09:30 (00:01) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/3</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0 wed dec 18 09:27 - 09:30 (00:02) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/2</code> <code class="bash plain">192.168.103.29 wed dec 18 09:27 still logged </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code>
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0 wed dec 18 09:27 - 09:42 (00:15) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/2</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0 wed dec 18 09:23 - 09:25 (00:01) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0 wed dec 18 09:22 - 09:25 (00:02) </code>
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<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">wtmp begins wed dec 11 03:02:17 2013</code>
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<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># last -n 10</code>
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<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0 wed dec 18 09:54 still logged </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code>
</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/4</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0 wed dec 18 09:43 - 09:48 (00:04) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0 wed dec 18 09:43 - 09:48 (00:05) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/3</code> <code class="bash plain">192.168.103.79 wed dec 18 09:41 - 12:40 (02:59) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/4</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0 wed dec 18 09:28 - 09:30 (00:01) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/3</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0 wed dec 18 09:27 - 09:30 (00:02) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number22 index21 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/2</code> <code class="bash plain">192.168.103.29 wed dec 18 09:27 still logged </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code>
</div>
<div class="line number23 index22 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0 wed dec 18 09:27 - 09:42 (00:15) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number24 index23 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/2</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0 wed dec 18 09:23 - 09:25 (00:01) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number25 index24 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0 wed dec 18 09:22 - 09:25 (00:02) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number26 index25 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">wtmp begins wed dec 11 03:02:17 2013</code>
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<p>
3：将登录系统的主机名或ip地址显示在最后一行</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># last -10 -a</code>
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<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:54 still logged </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">:0.0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/4</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:43 - 09:48 (00:04) :0.0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:43 - 09:48 (00:05) :0.0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/3</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:41 - 12:40 (02:59) 192.168.103.79</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/4</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:28 - 09:30 (00:01) :0.0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/3</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:27 - 09:30 (00:02) :0.0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/2</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:27 still logged </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">192.168.103.29</code>
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:27 - 09:42 (00:15) :0.0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/2</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:23 - 09:25 (00:01) :0.0</code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:22 - 09:25 (00:02) :0.0</code>
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<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">wtmp begins wed dec 11 03:02:17 2013</code>
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<p>
4：不显示登入系统的主机名称或ip地址</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># last -10 -r</code>
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<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:54 still logged </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code>
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/4</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:43 - 09:48 (00:04) </code>
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<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:43 - 09:48 (00:05) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/3</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:41 - 12:40 (02:59) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/4</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:28 - 09:30 (00:01) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/3</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:27 - 09:30 (00:02) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/2</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:27 still logged </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code>
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:27 - 09:42 (00:15) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/2</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:23 - 09:25 (00:01) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">wed dec 18 09:22 - 09:25 (00:02) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">wtmp begins wed dec 11 03:02:17 2013</code>
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<p>
5: 指定/var/log/btmp文件，查看登录系统的用户相关信息</p>
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<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># last -n 10 -f /var/log/btmp</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root </code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">:notty 192.168.136.163 fri oct 17 18:16 gone - no </code><code class="bash functions">logout</code>
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root </code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">:notty 192.168.136.163 fri oct 17 09:50 - 18:16 (08:26) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root </code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">:notty 192.168.136.163 fri oct 17 09:50 - 09:50 (00:00) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root </code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">:notty 192.168.40.218 tue jul 23 17:40 - 09:50 (450+16:10) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root </code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">:notty 192.168.236.149 sun apr 14 01:34 - 17:40 (100+16:05) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root </code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">:notty 192.168.178.147 fri mar 8 17:25 - 01:34 (36+08:08) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">tomcat </code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">:notty get185806.gfg1.e fri oct 26 16:48 - 17:25 (133+00:37) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root </code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">:notty 192.168.193.3 mon oct 22 18:13 - 16:48 (3+22:34) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root </code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">:notty 192.168.193.3 mon oct 22 18:13 - 18:13 (00:00) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">devloper </code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">:notty get185819.gfg1.e wed oct 17 17:22 - 18:13 (5+00:50) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">btmp begins thu apr 12 14:30:06 2012</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
6: 将ip地址转换成主机名称</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_898583">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">last -10 -d</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<img title="Linux常用命令last的使用方法详解" alt="Linux常用命令last的使用方法详解" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/b7497fd4e133870cf67d7bf966961cbc.jpg"></p>
<p>
7: 显示yyyymmddhhmmss（20150110093000）之前的信息</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_880683">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
4</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
5</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
6</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
7</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
8</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
9</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
10</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
11</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
12</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
13</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># last -10 -t 20150110093000</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/2</code> <code class="bash plain">192.168.102.186 fri jan 9 15:35 - 17:27 (01:52) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/2</code> <code class="bash plain">192.168.102.134 thu jan 8 10:25 - 12:27 (02:02) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/3</code> <code class="bash plain">192.168.125.53 tue jan 6 23:59 - 00:09 (00:09) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/2</code> <code class="bash plain">192.168.125.53 tue jan 6 23:45 - 00:09 (00:23) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/3</code> <code class="bash plain">192.168.102.88 tue jan 6 15:23 - 16:20 (00:57) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/2</code> <code class="bash plain">192.168.102.88 tue jan 6 15:08 - 17:25 (02:16) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">oracle pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">:2.0 tue jan 6 15:07 still logged </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code>
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">reboot system boot 2.6.32-200.13.1. tue jan 6 15:07 (7+20:21) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">root pts</code><code class="bash plain">/2</code> <code class="bash plain">192.168.102.88 tue jan 6 14:47 - down (00:17) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">oracle pts</code><code class="bash plain">/1</code> <code class="bash plain">:2.0 tue jan 6 14:46 - down (00:18) </code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">wtmp begins wed apr 11 16:31:10 2012</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<span><strong>总结</strong></span></p>
<p>
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对的支持。</p>
<p>
原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/4223751.html</p>
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