Vim自定义高亮分组以及一些实用技巧小结
<p><span><strong>前言</strong></span></p>
<p>
Linux下的Vim代码编辑器简单好用，但是本身对编程语言的关键字高亮及配色需要用户自己设置。下面这篇文章主要就给大家介绍了关于Vim自定义高亮分组及实用技巧的相关内容，需要的朋友们下面来一起看看吧。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>highlight</strong></span></p>
<p>
在 Vim 中，我们可以自定义一些颜色分组，并将其应用于某些符合特定模式的字符串中，这些分组就成为高亮分组（highlight group）。</p>
<p>
我们可以直接在命令行模式中输入 highlight 命令，后面不跟上任何参数，这样就能查看当前 Vim 中所有的高亮分组信息。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">:highlight</code>
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这里定义一个名为 myColor 的高亮分组，将背景颜色设置为紫色：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">:highlight myColor ctermbg=purple guibg=purple</code>
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<p>
我们使用 highlight 命令来定义高亮分组，后面跟上分组名和颜色模式。其中，ctermbg 表示命令行中的背景色，guibg 表示 GUI 界面中的背景色。类似的还有 ctermfg、guifg，分别表示命令行前景色和 GUI 界面前景色。</p>
<p>
还可以直接为已有的高亮分组起别名，只需要将新的分组连接到已有的分组即可。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">highlight link {newgroup} {oldgroup}</code>
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<p>
定义完高亮分组后，我们可以将它应用到文本中。接下来，我给大家介绍几种设置高亮的方法。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>match</strong></span></p>
<p>
match 命令用于在当前窗口中设置高亮模式，格式如下：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">:match {group} </code><code class="bash plain">/pattern/</code>
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例如，我们将所有的数字都用 myColor 分组进行高亮显示：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">:match myColor /\</code><code class="bash functions">v</code><code class="bash plain">\d+/</code>
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<p>
match 命令的特点是同一时刻只能使用一种高亮模式，当设置新的高亮模式时，旧的高亮模式会被取消。</p>
<p>
如果要同时高亮多个模式，可以使用 2match 和 3match 命令，它们的语法和功能与 match 相同，但每个命令每次只能设置一种高亮模式。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">:2match myColor </code><code class="bash plain">/anotherPattern/</code>
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<p>
取消高亮</p>
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<code class="bash plain">:match none</code>
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<code class="bash plain">:2match none</code>
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<code class="bash plain">:3match none</code>
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<p>
<span><strong>syntax match</strong></span></p>
<p>
syntax match 命令用于设置语法高亮，格式如下：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">:syntax match {group} pattern</code>
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<p>
例如，我们将引号包围起来的内容使用 myColor 分组高亮显示：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">:syntax match myColor /\</code><code class="bash functions">v</code><code class="bash string">"\w+"</code><code class="bash plain">/</code>
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取消高亮</p>
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<code class="bash plain">:syntax </code><code class="bash functions">clear</code>
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<span><strong>syntax keyword</strong></span></p>
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syntax keyword 命令用于设置关键字高亮，格式如下：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">:syntax keyword {group} word1 word2 ...</code>
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<p>
例如，我们把 hello 和 world 两个单词作为关键字进行高亮：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">:syntax keyword myColor hello world</code>
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取消高亮</p>
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<code class="bash plain">:syntax </code><code class="bash functions">clear</code>
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<p>
<span><strong>实用技巧</strong></span></p>
<p>
<strong>搜索结果高亮</strong></p>
<p>
Search 是匹配文本时默认使用的高亮分组，我们可以自定义该分组的颜色，下面的代码将使搜索结果以绿色的背景展示出来。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">:highlight Search ctermbg=green guibg=green</code>
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<p>
<strong>超长文本高亮</strong></p>
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编写代码时，常常会遇到一行中代码过长的情况，我们可以通过设置高亮实时检测是否有超长的代码。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">:highlight rightMargin term=bold ctermfg=blue guifg=blue</code>
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<code class="bash plain">:match rightMargin /.\%>72v/</code>
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上面的命令会将一行中超过72个字的部分用蓝色字体高亮显示。</p>
<p>
<strong>行尾空格高亮</strong></p>
<p>
我们经常会遇到行尾有多余空格的情况，但正常情况下，很难发现这些多余的空格。使用高亮来显示这些空格再合适不过了。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">:highlight extraSpace ctermbg=red guibg=red</code>
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<code class="bash plain">:match extraSpace /\</code><code class="bash functions">v</code><code class="bash plain">\s+$/</code>
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<p>
<span><strong>总结</strong></span></p>
<p>
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对的支持。</p>
<p>
原文链接：http://www.codebelief.com/article/2017/05/vim-advanced-usage-custom-highlight-groups/</p>
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