Ubuntu部署python3.5的开发和运行环境
<p><strong>1 概述</strong></p>
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由于最近项目全部由python2.x转向 python3.x（使用目前最新的 python3.5.1） ,之前的云主机的的默认python版本都面临升级，故进行了升级后将相应的步骤记录下来，作为学习笔记吧。</p>
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服务器运行环境：</p>
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ubuntu 14 LTS Server</p>
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本安装方式具有如下特点:</p>
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不影响已经有的python环境</li>
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增量式安装</li>
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完全隔离的沙盒环境</li>
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甚至可以不需要root权限</li>
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<strong>2 下载</strong></p>
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在python官网下载指定平台下的python3.5的环境</p>
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<code class="bash plain">wget https:</code><code class="bash plain">//www</code><code class="bash plain">.python.org</code><code class="bash plain">/ftp/python/3</code><code class="bash plain">.5.1</code><code class="bash plain">/Python-3</code><code class="bash plain">.5.1.tgz</code>
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例如，下载下载的文件为Python-3.5.1.tgz</p>
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<strong>3 解压</strong></p>
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然后进行解压：</p>
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<code class="bash functions">tar</code> <code class="bash plain">-xvzf Python-3.5.1.tgz</code>
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生成目录Python-3.5.1</p>
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<strong>4 安装</strong></p>
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进入目录Python-3.5.1，进行配置:</p>
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<code class="bash plain">.</code><code class="bash plain">/configure</code> <code class="bash plain">--prefix=</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/python35</code>
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编译和安装：</p>
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<code class="bash functions">make</code>
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<code class="bash functions">make</code> <code class="bash functions">install</code>
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<strong>5 建立虚拟环境</strong></p>
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使用python开发环境的时候，一般建立在虚拟环境，这样可以形成项目运行环境的隔离，防止不同依赖的项目的干扰。</p>
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由于python3.5中自带有pyvenv工具，所以也不必再重新安装了virtualenv的三方库了：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">webapp@iZ25torzzzzZ:</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/python35/bin</code><code class="bash plain">$ ll|</code><code class="bash functions">grep</code> <code class="bash plain">pyvenv</code>
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<code class="bash plain">lrwxrwxrwx 1 webapp webapp 10 Jun 3 19:44 pyvenv -> pyvenv-3.5*</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rwxrwxr-x 1 webapp webapp 245 Jun 3 19:44 pyvenv-3.5*</code>
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进入到当前用户Home目录后，直接运行：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">/usr/local/python35/bin/pyvenv</code> <code class="bash plain">py3venv</code>
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即可生成一份克隆有python3.5.1的虚拟环境，然后运行：</p>
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<code class="bash functions">source</code> <code class="bash plain">.</code><code class="bash plain">/py3venv/bin/activate</code>
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即可使当前终端环境变成python3.5.1的环境，看到终端前辍带有py3venv表明已经成功：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">(py3venv) webapp@iZ25torzzzzZ:~</code><code class="bash plain">/py3venv/bin</code><code class="bash plain">$</code>
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然后输入命令python，就可以看到进入到python3.5.1的运行界面：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">(py3venv) webapp@iZ25torzzzzZ:~$ python</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Python 3.5.1 (default, Jun 3 2016, 19:37:46)</code>
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<code class="bash plain"> on linux</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Type </code><code class="bash string">"help"</code><code class="bash plain">, </code><code class="bash string">"copyright"</code><code class="bash plain">, </code><code class="bash string">"credits"</code> <code class="bash plain">or </code><code class="bash string">"license"</code> <code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash functions">more</code> <code class="bash plain">information.</code>
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<code class="bash plain">>>></code>
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<strong>6 安装pip</strong></p>
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建立虚拟环境后，下一步就是为虚拟环境安装第三方库管理工具pip</p>
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在py3venv虚拟环境下面执行：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">curl https:</code><code class="bash plain">//bootstrap</code><code class="bash plain">.pypa.io</code><code class="bash plain">/get-pip</code><code class="bash plain">.py|python</code>
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然后就可以在此环境下使用pip来进行管理python的第三方库了。</p>
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<strong>7 常见问题-HTTPS错误提示</strong></p>
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有时候需要升级pip时，执行：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">pip </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">--upgrade pip</code>
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出现HTTPS的错误提示：</p>
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<code class="plain plain">pip raises ImportError: cannot import name HTTPSHandler</code>
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则需要安装 libssl-dev :</p>
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<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">libssl-dev</code>
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然后再重新编译和安装python3.5:</p>
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<code class="bash functions">make</code>
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<code class="bash functions">make</code> <code class="bash functions">install</code>
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以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。</p>
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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/beer/p/5557497.html</p>
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