Linux下IP设置脚本的实例及遇到问题解决办法
<p><strong>Linux下IP设置脚本的实例及遇到问题解决办法</strong></p>
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<strong>背景</strong></p>
<p>
一个Java web项目有一个功能是IP修改，Linux的IP修改脚本如下：</p>
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<code class="bash preprocessor bold">#!/bin/bash </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#useing parameter ip:netmask:gateway:dns1 </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#system version:centos6,7/redhat6,7 </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#read parameter </code>
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<code class="bash plain">ipaddr=`</code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">$1|</code><code class="bash functions">cut</code> <code class="bash plain">-d </code><code class="bash string">":"</code> <code class="bash plain">-f 1` </code>
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<code class="bash plain">netmask=`</code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">$1|</code><code class="bash functions">cut</code> <code class="bash plain">-d </code><code class="bash string">":"</code> <code class="bash plain">-f 2` </code>
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<code class="bash plain">gateway=`</code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">$1|</code><code class="bash functions">cut</code> <code class="bash plain">-d </code><code class="bash string">":"</code> <code class="bash plain">-f 3` </code>
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<code class="bash plain">dns1=`</code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">$1|</code><code class="bash functions">cut</code> <code class="bash plain">-d </code><code class="bash string">":"</code> <code class="bash plain">-f 4` </code>
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<code class="bash plain">dns2=`</code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">$1|</code><code class="bash functions">cut</code> <code class="bash plain">-d </code><code class="bash string">":"</code> <code class="bash plain">-f 5` </code>
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<code class="bash plain">targetDevice=$2 </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#get device(active) name -- centos6 and centos7 </code>
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<code class="bash plain">DEVICE=`dmesg|</code><code class="bash functions">grep</code> <code class="bash plain">Link|</code><code class="bash functions">grep</code> <code class="bash plain">Up|</code><code class="bash functions">cut</code> <code class="bash plain">-d </code><code class="bash string">":"</code> <code class="bash plain">-f 3,4|</code><code class="bash functions">cut</code> <code class="bash plain">-d </code><code class="bash string">" "</code> <code class="bash plain">-f 2|</code><code class="bash functions">cut</code> <code class="bash plain">-d </code><code class="bash string">":"</code> <code class="bash plain">-f 1|</code><code class="bash functions">uniq</code><code class="bash plain">|</code><code class="bash functions">head</code> <code class="bash plain">-n 1` </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#if parameter has device name,use it ,else use first alive device </code>
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<code class="bash keyword">if</code> <code class="bash plain">[ </code><code class="bash string">"$targetDevice"</code> <code class="bash plain">!= </code><code class="bash string">""</code> <code class="bash plain">]; </code><code class="bash keyword">then</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">DEVICE=$targetDevice </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash string">'device use target device :'</code> <code class="bash plain">$DEVICE </code>
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<code class="bash keyword">fi</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#backup net_file </code>
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<code class="bash functions">mv</code> <code class="bash plain">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</code><code class="bash string">'ifcfg-'</code><code class="bash plain">$DEVICE </code><code class="bash plain">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</code><code class="bash string">'ifcfg-'</code><code class="bash plain">$DEVICE</code><code class="bash string">'.bak'</code> <code class="bash plain">-f </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#config(net_file) </code>
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<code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain"><<end>> </code><code class="bash plain">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</code><code class="bash string">'ifcfg-'</code><code class="bash plain">$DEVICE </code>
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<code class="bash plain">DEVICE=$DEVICE </code>
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<code class="bash plain">ONBOOT=</code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">TYPE=Ethernet </code>
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<code class="bash plain">BOOTPROTO=none </code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPV6INIT=no </code>
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<code class="bash plain">DEFROUTE=</code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">IPADDR=$ipaddr </code>
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<code class="bash plain">GATEWAY=$gateway </code>
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<code class="bash plain">NETMASK=$netmask </code>
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<code class="bash plain">DNS1=$dns1 </code>
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<code class="bash plain">DNS2=$dns2 </code>
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<code class="bash plain">end </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#update /etc/hosts </code>
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<code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain">/sensor/bin/standardhosts</code><code class="bash plain">></code><code class="bash plain">/etc/hosts</code>
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<code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash string">'127.0.0.1 '</code><code class="bash plain">$(</code><code class="bash functions">hostname</code><code class="bash plain">)>></code><code class="bash plain">/etc/hosts</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#grant the net_file </code>
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<code class="bash functions">chmod</code> <code class="bash plain">755 </code><code class="bash plain">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</code><code class="bash string">'ifcfg-'</code><code class="bash plain">$DEVICE </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#restart network </code>
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<code class="bash plain">/etc/init</code><code class="bash plain">.d</code><code class="bash plain">/network</code> <code class="bash plain">restart </code>
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<br>
实际在这个shell脚本执行过程中，碰到几个问题，是目标服务器的网络服务相关的配置问题。有四种不同的错误，整理如下，以备后用。脚本的本质就是将目的IP信息写入到网卡文件ifcfg-eth2文件中。（eth2是测试机器上的通讯网卡名称），作为参数需要传递给脚本的。</p>
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<strong>问题一</strong></p>
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在虚拟机上测试，执行这个脚本过程中遇到的问题。本地安装的是VirtualBox，复制了5个虚拟机的节点。基于这个背景，那么在执行脚本完成后，重启网卡服务service network restart命令，总是遭遇失败，失败信息提示：</p>
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<span> Error:No suitable device found: no device found for connection "System eth0"</span></p>
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这是因为虚拟机在复制过程中复制了网卡，但实际上ifconfig-a只显示一个网卡。解决办法：</p>
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第一步，执行ifconfig –a 查看当前系统的网卡名称，我的当前虚拟机节点是eth2,lo.</p>
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第二步，保留/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts中ifcfg-eth2,ifcfg-lo，其他不存在的网卡文件需要删除。复制过来的是eth0，rm –rf ifcfg-eth0文件。</p>
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第三步，ifcfg-eth2文件内容，保证DEVICE=eth2参数名称跟文件名称一致。</p>
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第四步，修改网卡策略文件vi /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules找到eth2网卡的配置，修正MAC地址和eth2的MAC地址一致。 </p>
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第五步，验证：执行service network restart验证网卡重启成功。</p>
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<strong>问题二</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">nm_object_array_demarshal: couldn't create object </code><code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash plain">/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/39</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Error: Obtaining active connection </code><code class="bash keyword">for</code><code class="bash string">'/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/39'</code> <code class="bash plain">failed.</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain"></code>
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<strong>问题三</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">See ‘systemctlstatus network.service‘ and ‘journalctl-xn‘ </code><code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash plain">details</code>
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这个问题，执行journalctl–xe> /home/journalctl.log</p>
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查看日志文件中，找到真正的错误是它：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">Bringing up interface enp4s0f0: RTNETLINK answers: File exists</code>
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<strong> 问题四</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">Bringing up interface eth0: Device eth0 does not seem to be present,delaying initialization. </code>
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<p>
centos下出现该故障的二、三、四三种问题的根源一样，就是启动网络的两个服务有冲突：/etc/init.d/network和/etc/init.d/NetworkManager这两个服务有冲突。</p>
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<strong> 解决办法</strong>：关掉NetworkManager服务，通过命令service NetworkManager stop完成。再执行service network restart验证能够正常重启网卡服务。</p>
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<strong>结论</strong></p>
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验证IP设置脚本，提供两个参数一个是IP信息和网卡名称执行如下命令：</p>
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<span> sh reset_ip.sh 192.168.10.170:255.255.255.0:192.168.10.1:10.0.1.90 eth2可以修改虚拟机IP地址。</span>一个简单的IP设置脚本，执行过程中几乎把网上跟网卡相关的问题，都遭遇了。各种尝试终于找到原因了，主要根源就是NetworkManage这个服务的问题。</p>
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感谢阅读，希望能帮助到大家，谢谢大家对本站的支持！</p>
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原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/wojiushiwo945you/article/details/72724583</p>
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