Ubuntu 16.04备份和恢复小结

魔一發表於 2023-7-24 00:00:00

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<span><strong>前言</strong></span></p>
<p>
在备份时主要需要确认有哪些目录不需要备份，网上虽然有很多备份的教程，不过还是要根据自己的情况来调整参数。</p>
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<span><strong>一、清理缓存、回收站等</strong></span></p>
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<code class="bash comments"># 清理旧版本的软件缓存</code>
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<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get autoclean</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 清理所有软件缓存</code>
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<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get clean</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 删除系统不再使用的孤立软件</code>
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<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get autoremove</code>
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<span><strong>二、使用TAR备份</strong></span></p>
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1、命令及参数解释</p>
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v: 显示详细的压缩信息</p>
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     c：创建tar包</p>
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     j：使用bzip2压缩格式</p>
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     z：使用gzip压缩格式</p>
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     p：使用绝对路径</p>
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     f：生成的压缩文件的路径</p>
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2、终端操作</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># 切换到root身份</code>
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<code class="bash functions">su</code> <code class="bash plain">- root</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 使用gzip压缩格式（压缩略低，但是速度快）</code>
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<code class="bash functions">tar</code> <code class="bash plain">vzcpf </code><code class="bash plain">/media/chris/LinuxData/Backup/ubuntu_</code><code class="bash plain">`</code><code class="bash functions">date</code> <code class="bash plain">+%Y%m%d_%H`.</code><code class="bash functions">tar</code><code class="bash plain">.gz --exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/proc</code> <code class="bash plain">--exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/dev</code> <code class="bash plain">--exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/mnt</code> <code class="bash plain">--exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/media</code> <code class="bash plain">--exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/lost</code><code class="bash plain">+found --exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/cdrom</code> <code class="bash plain">--exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/tmp</code> <code class="bash plain">--exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/sys</code> <code class="bash plain">--exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/home/chris/</code><code class="bash plain">.cache --exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/run</code> <code class="bash plain">/ > </code><code class="bash plain">/media/chris/LinuxData/Backup/ubuntu_</code><code class="bash plain">`</code><code class="bash functions">date</code> <code class="bash plain">+%Y%m%d_%H`.log 2> </code><code class="bash plain">/media/chris/LinuxData/Backup/ubuntu_</code><code class="bash plain">`</code><code class="bash functions">date</code> <code class="bash plain">+%Y%m%d_%H`.error</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 使用bzip2压缩格式（压缩略高，但是速度慢）</code>
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<code class="bash functions">tar</code> <code class="bash plain">vjcpf </code><code class="bash plain">/media/chris/LinuxData/Backup/ubuntu_</code><code class="bash plain">`</code><code class="bash functions">date</code> <code class="bash plain">+%Y%m%d_%H`.</code><code class="bash functions">tar</code><code class="bash plain">.bz2 --exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/proc</code> <code class="bash plain">--exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/dev</code> <code class="bash plain">--exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/mnt</code> <code class="bash plain">--exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/media</code> <code class="bash plain">--exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/lost</code><code class="bash plain">+found --exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/cdrom</code> <code class="bash plain">--exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/tmp</code> <code class="bash plain">--exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/sys</code> <code class="bash plain">--exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/home/chris/</code><code class="bash plain">.cache --exclude=</code><code class="bash plain">/run</code> <code class="bash plain">/ > </code><code class="bash plain">/media/chris/LinuxData/Backup/ubuntu_</code><code class="bash plain">`</code><code class="bash functions">date</code> <code class="bash plain">+%Y%m%d_%H`.log 2> </code><code class="bash plain">/media/chris/LinuxData/Backup/ubuntu_</code><code class="bash plain">`</code><code class="bash functions">date</code> <code class="bash plain">+%Y%m%d_%H`.error</code>
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<span><strong>三、恢复系统</strong></span></p>
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1、推荐备份下：/boot和/etc/fstab，然后再执行恢复命令</p>
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2、将备份文件拷贝到/目录，执行恢复命令：</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># 使用gzip格式</code>
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<code class="bash functions">su</code> <code class="bash plain">- root</code>
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<code class="bash functions">tar</code> <code class="bash plain">vxzpf ubuntu*.</code><code class="bash functions">tar</code><code class="bash plain">.gz -C /</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 使用bzip2格式</code>
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<code class="bash functions">tar</code> <code class="bash plain">vxjpf ubuntu*.</code><code class="bash functions">tar</code><code class="bash plain">.bz2 -C /</code>
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<span><strong>总结</strong></span></p>
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以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能有所帮助，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流。</p>
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原文链接：http://blog.chriscabin.com/os/linux/ubuntu/1016.html</p>

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Ubuntu 16.04备份和恢复小结