ubuntu下安装Python多版本的方法及注意事项
<p>今天一不小心又把ubuntu系统给完坏了，因为我把python3卸载了，然后就。。。好了，不废话了，接下来就说一下如何在ubuntu下管理python的多个版本。我这里使用的是一个叫pyenv的Python版本管理工具。</p>
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系统环境：ubuntu14.04LTS，系统默认的python版本为2.7，我这里想要再安装一个3.4.3版本。</p>
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再安装python之前，我们首先要安装这个管理工具pyenv：</p>
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<code class="ps plain">$ git clone git://github.com/yyuu/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv</code>
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<code class="ps plain">$ </code><code class="ps keyword">echo</code> <code class="ps string">'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"'</code> <code class="ps plain">>> ~/.bashrc</code>
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<code class="ps plain">$ </code><code class="ps keyword">echo</code> <code class="ps string">'export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"'</code> <code class="ps plain">>> ~/.bashrc</code>
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<code class="ps plain">$ </code><code class="ps keyword">echo</code> <code class="ps string">'eval "$(pyenv init -)"'</code> <code class="ps plain">>> ~/.bashrc</code>
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<code class="ps plain">$ exec </code><code class="ps value">$SHELL</code> <code class="ps keyword">-l</code>
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我们还可以通过下面这个命令来查看可以安装的python版本：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ pyenv </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">--list</code>
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如果我们确定要安装python3.4.3的话，接下来我们就可以安装python了，但是再安装之前，我们必须要安装python所需要的依赖包，这个必须要安装，安装会失败的：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">libc6-dev gcc</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">apt-get </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">-y </code><code class="bash functions">make</code> <code class="bash plain">build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm</code>
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上面的依赖包搞定之后，我们就可以安装python了：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ pyenv </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">3.4.3 -</code><code class="bash functions">v</code>
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该命令会从github上下载python的源代码，并解压到/tmp目录下，然后在/tmp中执行编译工作。若依赖包没有安装，则会出现编译错误，需要在安装依赖包滞后重新执行该命令。</p>
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安装完成之后，需要使用如下命令对数据库进行更新：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ pyenv rehash</code>
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查看当前已经安装的python版本</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ pyenv versions</code>
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<code class="bash plain">* system (</code><code class="bash functions">set</code> <code class="bash plain">by </code><code class="bash plain">/home/seisman/</code><code class="bash plain">.pyenv</code><code class="bash plain">/version</code><code class="bash plain">)</code>
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<code class="bash plain">3.4.3</code>
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其中星号代表是当前系统正在使用的python版本是系统自带的。</p>
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设置全局的python版本</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ pyenv global 3.4.3</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ pyenv versions</code>
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<code class="bash plain">system</code>
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<code class="bash plain">* 3.4.3 (</code><code class="bash functions">set</code> <code class="bash plain">by </code><code class="bash plain">/home/seisman/</code><code class="bash plain">.pyenv</code><code class="bash plain">/version</code><code class="bash plain">)</code>
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从上面，我们可以看出来当前的python版本已经变为了3.4.3。也可以使用pyenv local或pyenv shell临时改变python的版本。</p>
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确认python版本</p>
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<code class="py plain">$ python</code>
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<code class="py plain">Python </code><code class="py value">3.4</code><code class="py plain">.</code><code class="py value">3</code> <code class="py plain">(default, Apr </code><code class="py value">1</code> <code class="py value">2015</code><code class="py plain">, </code><code class="py value">19</code><code class="py plain">:</code><code class="py value">10</code><code class="py plain">:</code><code class="py value">43</code><code class="py plain">) </code>
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<code class="py plain"> on linux</code>
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<code class="py functions">Type</code> <code class="py string">"help"</code><code class="py plain">, </code><code class="py string">"copyright"</code><code class="py plain">, </code><code class="py string">"credits"</code> <code class="py keyword">or</code> <code class="py string">"license"</code> <code class="py keyword">for</code> <code class="py plain">more information.</code>
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<span><strong>注意事项：</strong></span></p>
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输入python即可使用新版的python；</p>
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系统自带的脚本会以/usr/bin/python的方式直接调用老版本的python，因而不会对系统脚本产生影响；</p>
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使用pip安装第三方模块时会安装到~/.pyenv/versions/3.4.3下，不会和系统模块发生冲突；</p>
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使用pip安装模块后，可能需要执行pyenv rehash更新数据库。</p>
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以上所述是小编给大家介绍的ubuntu下安装多版本Python的方法及注意事项，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对网站的支持！</p>
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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/ningvsban/</p>
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