Linux中logrotate日志轮询操作总结

胡嘉祥 發表於 2023-9-27 00:00:00

<p>
<span><strong>前言</strong></span></p>
<p>
对于Linux系统安全来说，日志文件是极其重要的工具。不知为何，我发现很多运维同学的服务器上都运行着一些诸如每天切分Nginx日志之类的CRON脚本，大家似乎遗忘了Logrotate，争相发明自己的轮子，这真是让人沮丧啊！就好比明明身边躺着现成的性感美女，大家却忙着自娱自乐，罪过！logrotate程序是一个日志文件管理工具。用于分割日志文件，删除旧的日志文件，并创建新的日志文件，起到“转储”作用。可以节省磁盘空间。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>下面就对logrotate日志轮转操作做一梳理记录：</strong></span></p>
<p>
<strong>1）配置文件介绍</strong></p>
<p>
Linux系统默认安装logrotate工具，它默认的配置文件在：</p>
<p>
/etc/logrotate.conf</p>
<p>
/etc/logrotate.d/</p>
<p>
logrotate.conf 才主要的配置文件，logrotate.d 是一个目录，该目录里的所有文件都会被主动的读入/etc/logrotate.conf中执行。</p>
<p>
另外，如果 /etc/logrotate.d/ 里面的文件中没有设定一些细节，则会以/etc/logrotate.conf这个文件的设定来作为默认值。</p>
<p>
Logrotate是基于CRON来运行的，其脚本是/etc/cron.daily/logrotate，日志轮转是系统自动完成的。</p>
<p>
实际运行时，Logrotate会调用配置文件/etc/logrotate.conf。</p>
<p>
可以在/etc/logrotate.d目录里放置自定义好的配置文件，用来覆盖Logrotate的缺省值。</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cat /etc/cron.daily/logrotate </code>
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<code class="bash comments">#!/bin/sh</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/logrotate</code> <code class="bash plain">/etc/logrotate</code><code class="bash plain">.conf ></code><code class="bash plain">/dev/null</code> <code class="bash plain">2>&1</code>
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<code class="bash plain">EXITVALUE=$?</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">if</code> <code class="bash plain">[ $EXITVALUE != 0 ]; </code><code class="bash keyword">then</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/bin/logger</code> <code class="bash plain">-t logrotate </code><code class="bash string">"ALERT exited abnormally with [$EXITVALUE]"</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">fi</code>
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<code class="bash functions">exit</code> <code class="bash plain">0</code>
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如果等不及cron自动执行日志轮转，想手动强制切割日志，需要加-f参数；不过正式执行前最好通过Debug选项来验证一下（-d参数），这对调试也很重要</p>
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<code class="bash comments"># /usr/sbin/logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.d/nginx</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># /usr/sbin/logrotate -d -f /etc/logrotate.d/nginx</code>
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logrotate命令格式：</p>
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<li>
logrotate <configfile></li>
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-d, --debug ：debug模式，测试配置文件是否有错误。</li>
<li>
-f, --force ：强制转储文件。</li>
<li>
-m, --mail=command ：压缩日志后，发送日志到指定邮箱。</li>
<li>
-s, --state=statefile ：使用指定的状态文件。</li>
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-v, --verbose ：显示转储过程。</li>
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根据日志切割设置进行操作，并显示详细信息</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># /usr/sbin/logrotate -v /etc/logrotate.conf </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># /usr/sbin/logrotate -v /etc/logrotate.d/php</code>
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根据日志切割设置进行执行，并显示详细信息,但是不进行具体操作，debug模式</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># /usr/sbin/logrotate -d /etc/logrotate.conf </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># /usr/sbin/logrotate -d /etc/logrotate.d/nginx</code>
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查看各log文件的具体执行情况</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cat /var/lib/logrotate.status</code>
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<p>
<strong>2）切割介绍</strong></p>
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比如以系统日志/var/log/message做切割来简单说明下：</p>
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第一次执行完rotate(轮转)之后，原本的messages会变成messages.1，而且会制造一个空的messages给系统来储存日志；</p>
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第二次执行之后，messages.1会变成messages.2，而messages会变成messages.1，又造成一个空的messages来储存日志！</p>
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如果仅设定保留三个日志（即轮转3次）的话，那么执行第三次时，则 messages.3这个档案就会被删除，并由后面的较新的保存日志所取代！也就是会保存最新的几个日志。</p>
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日志究竟轮换几次，这个是根据配置文件中的dateext 参数来判定的。</p>
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看下logrotate.conf配置：</p>
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<code class="plain plain"># cat /etc/logrotate.conf</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># 底下的设定是 "logrotate 的默认值" ，如果別的文件设定了其他的值，</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># 就会以其它文件的设定为主</code>
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<code class="plain plain">weekly //默认每一周执行一次rotate轮转工作</code>
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<code class="plain plain">rotate 4 //保留多少个日志文件(轮转几次).默认保留四个.就是指定日志文件删除之前轮转的次数，0 指没有备份</code>
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<code class="plain plain">create //自动创建新的日志文件，新的日志文件具有和原来的文件相同的权限；因为日志被改名,因此要创建一个新的来继续存储之前的日志</code>
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<code class="plain plain">dateext //这个参数很重要！就是切割后的日志文件以当前日期为格式结尾，如xxx.log-20131216这样,如果注释掉,切割出来是按数字递增,即前面说的 xxx.log-1这种格式</code>
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<code class="plain plain">compress //是否通过gzip压缩转储以后的日志文件，如xxx.log-20131216.gz ；如果不需要压缩，注释掉就行</code>
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<code class="plain plain">include /etc/logrotate.d</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># 将 /etc/logrotate.d/ 目录中的所有文件都加载进来</code>
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<code class="plain plain">/var/log/wtmp {   //仅针对 /var/log/wtmp 所设定的参数</code>
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<code class="plain plain">monthly   //每月一次切割,取代默认的一周</code>
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<code class="plain plain">minsize 1M //文件大小超过 1M 后才会切割</code>
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<code class="plain plain">create 0664 root utmp //指定新建的日志文件权限以及所属用户和组</code>
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<code class="plain plain">rotate 1   //只保留一个日志.</code>
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<code class="plain plain">}</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># 这个 wtmp 可记录用户登录系统及系统重启的时间</code>
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<code class="plain plain"># 因为有 minsize 的参数，因此不见得每个月一定会执行一次喔.要看文件大小。</code>
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<p>
由这个文件的设定可以知道/etc/logrotate.d其实就是由/etc/logrotate.conf 所规划出来的目录，虽然可以将所有的配置都写入/etc/logrotate.conf ，但是这样一来这个文件就实在是太复杂了，尤其是当使用很多的服务在系统上面时，每个服务都要去修改/etc/logrotate.conf的设定也似乎不太合理了。</p>
<p>
所以，如果独立出来一个目录，那么每个要切割日志的服务，就可以独自成为一个文件，并且放置到 /etc/logrotate.d/ 当中</p>
<p>
其他重要参数说明</p>
<p>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<ul>
<li>
compress                                   通过gzip 压缩转储以后的日志</li>
<li>
nocompress                                不做gzip压缩处理</li>
<li>
copytruncate                              用于还在打开中的日志文件，把当前日志备份并截断；是先拷贝再清空的方式，拷贝和清空之间有一个时间差，可能会丢失部分日志数据。</li>
<li>
nocopytruncate                           备份日志文件不过不截断</li>
<li>
create mode owner group             轮转时指定创建新文件的属性，如create 0777 nobody nobody</li>
<li>
nocreate                                    不建立新的日志文件</li>
<li>
delaycompress                           和compress 一起使用时，转储的日志文件到下一次转储时才压缩</li>
<li>
nodelaycompress                        覆盖 delaycompress 选项，转储同时压缩。</li>
<li>
missingok                                 如果日志丢失，不报错继续滚动下一个日志</li>
<li>
errors address                           专储时的错误信息发送到指定的Email 地址</li>
<li>
ifempty                                    即使日志文件为空文件也做轮转，这个是logrotate的缺省选项。</li>
<li>
notifempty                               当日志文件为空时，不进行轮转</li>
<li>
mail address                             把转储的日志文件发送到指定的E-mail 地址</li>
<li>
nomail                                     转储时不发送日志文件</li>
<li>
olddir directory                         转储后的日志文件放入指定的目录，必须和当前日志文件在同一个文件系统</li>
<li>
noolddir                                   转储后的日志文件和当前日志文件放在同一个目录下</li>
<li>
sharedscripts                           运行postrotate脚本，作用是在所有日志都轮转后统一执行一次脚本。如果没有配置这个，那么每个日志轮转后都会执行一次脚本</li>
<li>
prerotate                                 在logrotate转储之前需要执行的指令，例如修改文件的属性等动作；必须独立成行</li>
<li>
postrotate                               在logrotate转储之后需要执行的指令，例如重新启动 (kill -HUP) 某个服务！必须独立成行</li>
<li>
daily                                       指定转储周期为每天</li>
<li>
weekly                                    指定转储周期为每周</li>
<li>
monthly                                  指定转储周期为每月</li>
<li>
rotate count                            指定日志文件删除之前转储的次数，0 指没有备份，5 指保留5 个备份</li>
<li>
dateext                                  使用当期日期作为命名格式</li>
<li>
dateformat .%s                       配合dateext使用，紧跟在下一行出现，定义文件切割后的文件名，必须配合dateext使用，只支持 %Y %m %d %s 这四个参数</li>
<li>
size(或minsize) log-size            当日志文件到达指定的大小时才转储，log-size能指定bytes(缺省)及KB (sizek)或MB(sizem).</li>
<li>
当日志文件 >= log-size 的时候就转储。以下为合法格式：（其他格式的单位大小写没有试过）</li>
<li>
size = 5 或 size 5 （>= 5 个字节就转储）</li>
<li>
size = 100k 或 size 100k</li>
<li>
size = 100M 或 size 100M</li>
</ul>
<p>
小示例：下面一个切割nginx日志的配置</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vim /etc/logrotate.d/nginx </code>
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<code class="bash plain">/usr/local/nginx/logs/</code><code class="bash plain">*.log {</code>
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<code class="bash plain">daily</code>
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<code class="bash plain">rotate 7 </code>
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<code class="bash plain">missingok</code>
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<code class="bash plain">notifempty</code>
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<code class="bash plain">dateext</code>
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<code class="bash plain">sharedscripts</code>
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<code class="bash plain">postrotate</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">if</code> <code class="bash plain">[ -f </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx</code><code class="bash plain">.pid ]; </code><code class="bash keyword">then</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash functions">kill</code> <code class="bash plain">-USR1 `</code><code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain">/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx</code><code class="bash plain">.pid`</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">fi</code>
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<code class="bash plain">endscript</code>
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<code class="bash plain">}</code>
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</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
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</div>
</div>
<p>
--------------------------------------------------分享一例曾经使用过的nginx日志切割处理脚本-----------------------------------------------</p>
<p>
1）logrotate日志分割配置：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">[root@bastion-IDC ~</code><code class="bash comments"># vim /etc/logrotate.d/nginx</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/data/nginx_logs/</code><code class="bash plain">*.access_log </code>
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<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
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<code class="bash plain">{</code>
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<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">nocompress     </code>
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<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">daily     </code>
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<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">copytruncate     </code>
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<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">create    </code>
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<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">ifempty     </code>
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<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">olddir </code><code class="bash plain">/data/nginx_logs/days</code>
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<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">rotate 0      </code>
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<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">}</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
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<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
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</div>
</div>
<p>
2）日志分割脚本</p>
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<code class="bash plain">[root@bastion-IDC ~</code><code class="bash comments"># vim /usr/local/sbin/logrotate-nginx.sh</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#!/bin/bash</code>
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<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
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<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash comments">#创建转储日志压缩存放目录</code>
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<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">-p </code><code class="bash plain">/data/nginx_logs/days</code>
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<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
</div>
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<code class="bash comments">#手工对nginx日志进行切割转换</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/logrotate</code> <code class="bash plain">-vf </code><code class="bash plain">/etc/logrotate</code><code class="bash plain">.d</code><code class="bash plain">/nginx</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#当前时间</code>
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<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">=$(</code><code class="bash functions">date</code> <code class="bash plain">-d </code><code class="bash string">"yesterday"</code> <code class="bash plain">+</code><code class="bash string">"%Y-%m-%d"</code><code class="bash plain">)</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#进入转储日志存放目录</code>
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<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
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<code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">/data/nginx_logs/days</code>
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<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
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<code class="bash comments">#对目录中的转储日志文件的文件名进行统一转换</code>
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</div>
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<code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash plain">i </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">$(</code><code class="bash functions">ls</code> <code class="bash plain">./ | </code><code class="bash functions">grep</code> <code class="bash string">"^$.*$\.[[:digit:]]$"</code><code class="bash plain">)</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">do</code>
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<code class="bash functions">mv</code> <code class="bash plain">${i} ./$(</code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">${i}|</code><code class="bash functions">sed</code> <code class="bash plain">-n </code><code class="bash string">'s/^$.*$\.$[[:digit:]]$$/\1/p'</code><code class="bash plain">)-$(</code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash plain">$</code><code class="bash functions">time</code><code class="bash plain">)</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">done</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#对转储的日志文件进行压缩存放，并删除原有转储的日志文件，只保存压缩后的日志文件。以节约存储空间</code>
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<div class="line number32 index31 alt1">
</div>
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<code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash plain">i </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">$(</code><code class="bash functions">ls</code> <code class="bash plain">./ | </code><code class="bash functions">grep</code> <code class="bash string">"^$.*$\-$[[:digit:]-]\+$$"</code><code class="bash plain">)</code>
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</div>
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<code class="bash keyword">do</code>
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<div class="line number36 index35 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number37 index36 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">tar</code> <code class="bash plain">jcvf ${i}.bz2 ./${i}</code>
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<div class="line number38 index37 alt1">
</div>
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<code class="bash functions">rm</code> <code class="bash plain">-rf ./${i}</code>
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</div>
<div class="line number41 index40 alt2">
<code class="bash keyword">done</code>
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<div class="line number42 index41 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number43 index42 alt2">
<code class="bash comments">#只保留最近7天的压缩转储日志文件</code>
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<div class="line number44 index43 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number45 index44 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">/data/nginx_logs/days/</code><code class="bash plain">* -name </code><code class="bash string">"*.bz2"</code> <code class="bash plain">-mtime 7 -</code><code class="bash functions">type</code> <code class="bash plain">f -</code><code class="bash functions">exec</code> <code class="bash functions">rm</code> <code class="bash plain">-rf {} \;</code>
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<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
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<textarea></textarea>
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<p>
3）crontab定时执行</p>
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<code class="bash plain">[root@bastion-IDC ~</code><code class="bash comments"># crontab -e</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#logrotate</code>
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<code class="bash plain">0 0 * * * </code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code> <code class="bash plain">-x </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/local/sbin/logrotate-nginx</code><code class="bash plain">.sh > </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/null</code> <code class="bash plain">2>&1</code>
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<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
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</div>
<p>
手动执行脚本，测试下看看：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">[root@bastion-IDC ~</code><code class="bash comments"># /bin/bash -x /usr/local/sbin/logrotate-nginx.sh</code>
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<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
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<code class="bash plain">[root@bastion-IDC ~</code><code class="bash comments"># cd /data/nginx_logs/days </code>
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<code class="bash plain">[root@bastion-IDC days</code><code class="bash comments"># ls</code>
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<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
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<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">huantest.access_log-2017-01-18.bz2</code>
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<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
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<textarea></textarea>
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</div>
<p>
----------------------------------php脚本切割一例----------------------------------</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cat /etc/logrotate.d/php </code>
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<code class="bash plain">/Data/logs/php/</code><code class="bash plain">*log {</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">daily</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">rotate 365</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">missingok</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">notifempty</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">compress</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">dateext</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">sharedscripts</code>
</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">postrotate</code>
</div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">if</code> <code class="bash plain">[ -f </code><code class="bash plain">/Data/app/php5</code><code class="bash plain">.6.26</code><code class="bash plain">/var/run/php-fpm</code><code class="bash plain">.pid ]; </code><code class="bash keyword">then</code>
</div>
<div class="line number22 index21 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number23 index22 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces">  </code><code class="bash functions">kill</code> <code class="bash plain">-USR1 `</code><code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain">/Data/app/php5</code><code class="bash plain">.6.26</code><code class="bash plain">/var/run/php-fpm</code><code class="bash plain">.pid`</code>
</div>
<div class="line number24 index23 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number25 index24 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash keyword">fi</code>
</div>
<div class="line number26 index25 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number27 index26 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">endscript</code>
</div>
<div class="line number28 index27 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number29 index28 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">postrotate</code>
</div>
<div class="line number30 index29 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number31 index30 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">/bin/chmod</code> <code class="bash plain">644 </code><code class="bash plain">/Data/logs/php/</code><code class="bash plain">*gz</code>
</div>
<div class="line number32 index31 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number33 index32 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">endscript</code>
</div>
<div class="line number34 index33 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number35 index34 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">}</code>
</div>
<div class="line number36 index35 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number37 index36 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
</div>
<div class="line number38 index37 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number39 index38 alt2">
<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ll /Data/app/php5.6.26/var/run/php-fpm.pid </code>
</div>
<div class="line number40 index39 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number41 index40 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4 Dec 28 17:03 </code><code class="bash plain">/Data/app/php5</code><code class="bash plain">.6.26</code><code class="bash plain">/var/run/php-fpm</code><code class="bash plain">.pid</code>
</div>
<div class="line number42 index41 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number43 index42 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
</div>
<div class="line number44 index43 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number45 index44 alt2">
<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cd /Data/logs/php</code>
</div>
<div class="line number46 index45 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number47 index46 alt2">
<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ll</code>
</div>
<div class="line number48 index47 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number49 index48 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">total 25676</code>
</div>
<div class="line number50 index49 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number51 index50 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 1 2016 error.log</code>
</div>
<div class="line number52 index51 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number53 index52 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody nobody 182 Aug 30 2015 error.log-20150830.gz</code>
</div>
<div class="line number54 index53 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number55 index54 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody nobody 371 Sep 1 2015 error.log-20150901.gz</code>
</div>
<div class="line number56 index55 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number57 index56 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody nobody 315 Sep 7 2015 error.log-20150907.gz</code>
</div>
<div class="line number58 index57 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number59 index58 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">.........</code>
</div>
<div class="line number60 index59 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number61 index60 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">.........</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
----------------------------------nginx日志切割一例-----------------------------------</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_508233">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
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14</div>
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16</div>
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18</div>
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36</div>
<div class="line number37 index36 alt2">
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<div class="line number38 index37 alt1">
38</div>
<div class="line number39 index38 alt2">
39</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cat /etc/logrotate.d/nginx </code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">/Data/logs/nginx/</code><code class="bash plain">*/*log {</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">daily</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">rotate 365</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">missingok</code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">notifempty</code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">compress</code>
</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">dateext</code>
</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">sharedscripts</code>
</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">postrotate</code>
</div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">/etc/init</code><code class="bash plain">.d</code><code class="bash plain">/nginx</code> <code class="bash plain">reload</code>
</div>
<div class="line number22 index21 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number23 index22 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">endscript</code>
</div>
<div class="line number24 index23 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number25 index24 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">}</code>
</div>
<div class="line number26 index25 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number27 index26 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
</div>
<div class="line number28 index27 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number29 index28 alt2">
<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ll /Data/logs/nginx/www.huanqiu.com/</code>
</div>
<div class="line number30 index29 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number31 index30 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">..........</code>
</div>
<div class="line number32 index31 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number33 index32 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1652 Jan 1 00:00 error.log-20170101.gz</code>
</div>
<div class="line number34 index33 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number35 index34 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1289 Jan 2 00:00 error.log-20170102.gz</code>
</div>
<div class="line number36 index35 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number37 index36 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1633 Jan 3 00:00 error.log-20170103.gz</code>
</div>
<div class="line number38 index37 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number39 index38 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3239 Jan 4 00:00 error.log-20170104.gz</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
----------------------------------系统日志切割一例-----------------------------------</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_847817">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
4</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
5</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
6</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
7</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
8</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
9</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
10</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
11</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
12</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
13</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
14</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
15</div>
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16</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
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22</div>
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51</div>
<div class="line number52 index51 alt1">
52</div>
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53</div>
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54</div>
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55</div>
<div class="line number56 index55 alt1">
56</div>
<div class="line number57 index56 alt2">
57</div>
<div class="line number58 index57 alt1">
58</div>
<div class="line number59 index58 alt2">
59</div>
<div class="line number60 index59 alt1">
60</div>
<div class="line number61 index60 alt2">
61</div>
<div class="line number62 index61 alt1">
62</div>
<div class="line number63 index62 alt2">
63</div>
<div class="line number64 index63 alt1">
64</div>
<div class="line number65 index64 alt2">
65</div>
<div class="line number66 index65 alt1">
66</div>
<div class="line number67 index66 alt2">
67</div>
<div class="line number68 index67 alt1">
68</div>
<div class="line number69 index68 alt2">
69</div>
<div class="line number70 index69 alt1">
70</div>
<div class="line number71 index70 alt2">
71</div>
<div class="line number72 index71 alt1">
72</div>
<div class="line number73 index72 alt2">
73</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cat /etc/logrotate.d/syslog</code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">/var/log/cron</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">/var/log/maillog</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">/var/log/messages</code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">/var/log/secure</code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">/var/log/spooler</code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">{</code>
</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">sharedscripts</code>
</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">postrotate</code>
</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">/bin/kill</code> <code class="bash plain">-HUP `</code><code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain">/var/run/syslogd</code><code class="bash plain">.pid 2> </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/null</code><code class="bash plain">` 2> </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/null</code> <code class="bash plain">|| </code><code class="bash functions">true</code>
</div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">endscript</code>
</div>
<div class="line number22 index21 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number23 index22 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">}</code>
</div>
<div class="line number24 index23 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number25 index24 alt2">
<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
</div>
<div class="line number26 index25 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number27 index26 alt2">
<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ll /var/log/messages*</code>
</div>
<div class="line number28 index27 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number29 index28 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 34248975 Jan 19 18:42 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/messages</code>
</div>
<div class="line number30 index29 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number31 index30 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 51772994 Dec 25 03:11 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/messages-20161225</code>
</div>
<div class="line number32 index31 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number33 index32 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 51800210 Jan 1 03:05 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/messages-20170101</code>
</div>
<div class="line number34 index33 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number35 index34 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 51981366 Jan 8 03:36 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/messages-20170108</code>
</div>
<div class="line number36 index35 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number37 index36 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 51843025 Jan 15 03:40 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/messages-20170115</code>
</div>
<div class="line number38 index37 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number39 index38 alt2">
<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ll /var/log/cron*</code>
</div>
<div class="line number40 index39 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number41 index40 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 2155681 Jan 19 18:43 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/cron</code>
</div>
<div class="line number42 index41 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number43 index42 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 2932618 Dec 25 03:11 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/cron-20161225</code>
</div>
<div class="line number44 index43 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number45 index44 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 2939305 Jan 1 03:06 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/cron-20170101</code>
</div>
<div class="line number46 index45 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number47 index46 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 2951820 Jan 8 03:37 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/cron-20170108</code>
</div>
<div class="line number48 index47 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number49 index48 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 3203992 Jan 15 03:41 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/cron-20170115</code>
</div>
<div class="line number50 index49 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number51 index50 alt2">
<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ll /var/log/secure*</code>
</div>
<div class="line number52 index51 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number53 index52 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 275343 Jan 19 18:36 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/secure</code>
</div>
<div class="line number54 index53 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number55 index54 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 2111936 Dec 25 03:06 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/secure-20161225</code>
</div>
<div class="line number56 index55 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number57 index56 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 2772744 Jan 1 02:57 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/secure-20170101</code>
</div>
<div class="line number58 index57 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number59 index58 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 1115543 Jan 8 03:26 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/secure-20170108</code>
</div>
<div class="line number60 index59 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number61 index60 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 731599 Jan 15 03:40 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/secure-20170115</code>
</div>
<div class="line number62 index61 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number63 index62 alt2">
<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ll /var/log/spooler*</code>
</div>
<div class="line number64 index63 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number65 index64 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 0 Jan 15 03:41 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/spooler</code>
</div>
<div class="line number66 index65 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number67 index66 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 0 Dec 18 03:21 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/spooler-20161225</code>
</div>
<div class="line number68 index67 alt1">
</div>
<div class="line number69 index68 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 0 Dec 25 03:11 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/spooler-20170101</code>
</div>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 0 Jan 1 03:06 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/spooler-20170108</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw------- 1 root root 0 Jan 8 03:37 </code><code class="bash plain">/var/log/spooler-20170115</code>
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<p>
----------------------------------tomcat日志切割一例-----------------------------------</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cat /etc/logrotate.d/tomcat</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/Data/app/tomcat-7-huanqiu/logs/catalina</code><code class="bash plain">.out {</code>
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<code class="bash plain">rotate 14</code>
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<code class="bash plain">daily</code>
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<code class="bash plain">copytruncate</code>
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<code class="bash plain">compress</code>
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<code class="bash plain">notifempty</code>
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<code class="bash plain">missingok</code>
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<code class="bash plain">}</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ll /Data/app/tomcat-7-huanqiu/logs/catalina.*</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jan 19 19:11 </code><code class="bash plain">/Data/app/tomcat-7-huanqiu/logs/catalina</code><code class="bash plain">.out</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 95668 Jan 19 19:11 </code><code class="bash plain">/Data/app/tomcat-7-huanqiu/logs/catalina</code><code class="bash plain">.out.1.gz</code>
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<p>
---------------------------------早期用过的nginx日志处理一例----------------------------------</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vim /letv/sh/cut_nginx_log.sh</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 你的日志文件存放目录</code>
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<code class="bash plain">logs_path=</code><code class="bash string">"/letv/logs/"</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 日志文件的名字，多个需要空格隔开</code>
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<code class="bash plain">logs_names=(error access pv_access)</code>
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<code class="bash plain">dates=`</code><code class="bash functions">date</code> <code class="bash plain">-d </code><code class="bash string">"yesterday"</code> <code class="bash plain">+</code><code class="bash string">"%Y%m%d"</code><code class="bash plain">`</code>
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<code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">-p ${logs_path}$dates/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">num=${</code><code class="bash comments">#logs_names[@]}</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">for</code><code class="bash plain">((i=0;i<num;i++));</code><code class="bash keyword">do</code>
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<code class="bash functions">mv</code> <code class="bash plain">${logs_path}${logs_names}.log ${logs_path}$dates/${logs_names}.log</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">done</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#nginx平滑重启</code>
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<code class="bash functions">kill</code> <code class="bash plain">-USR1 `</code><code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain">/letv/logs/nginx/nginx</code><code class="bash plain">.pid`   </code>
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<code class="bash plain">结合</code><code class="bash functions">crontab</code><code class="bash plain">定时执行</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># crontab -e</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#nginx日志切割</code>
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<code class="bash plain">00 00 * * * </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">/letv/logs</code><code class="bash plain">;</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code> <code class="bash plain">/letv/sh/cut_nginx_log</code><code class="bash plain">.sh > </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/null</code> <code class="bash plain">2>$1</code>
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<p>
<strong>3）尝试解决logrotate无法自动轮询日志的办法</strong></p>
<p>
现象说明：</p>
<p>
使用logrotate轮询nginx日志，配置好之后，发现nginx日志连续两天没被切割，这是为什么呢？？</p>
<p>
然后开始检查日志切割的配置文件是否有问题，检查后确定配置文件一切正常。</p>
<p>
于是怀疑是logrotate预定的cron没执行，查看了cron的日志，发现有一条Dec 7 04:02:01 www crond: (root) CMD (run-parts /etc/cron.daily)这样的日志，证明cron在04:02分时已经执行/etc/cron.daily目录下的程序。</p>
<p>
接着查看/etc /cron.daily/logrotate（这是logrotate自动轮转的脚本）的内容：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cat /etc/cron.daily/logrotate</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#!/bin/sh</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/logrotate</code> <code class="bash plain">/etc/logrotate</code><code class="bash plain">.conf ></code><code class="bash plain">/dev/null</code> <code class="bash plain">2>&1</code>
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<code class="bash plain">EXITVALUE=$?</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">if</code> <code class="bash plain">[ $EXITVALUE != 0 ]; </code><code class="bash keyword">then</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/bin/logger</code> <code class="bash plain">-t logrotate </code><code class="bash string">"ALERT exited abnormally with [$EXITVALUE]"</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">fi</code>
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<code class="bash functions">exit</code> <code class="bash plain">0</code>
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<p>
没有发现异常，配置好的日志轮转操作都是由这个脚本完成的，一切运行正常，脚本应该就没问题。</p>
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直接执行命令：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># /usr/sbin/logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf</code>
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<p>
这些系统日志是正常轮询了，但nginx日志却还是没轮询</p>
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接着强行启动记录文件维护操作，纵使logrotate指令认为没有需要，应该有可能是logroate认为nginx日志太小，不进行轮询。</p>
<p>
故需要强制轮询，即在/etc/cron.daily/logrotate脚本中将 -t 参数替换成 -f 参数</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cat /etc/cron.daily/logrotate</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#!/bin/sh</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/logrotate</code> <code class="bash plain">/etc/logrotate</code><code class="bash plain">.conf ></code><code class="bash plain">/dev/null</code> <code class="bash plain">2>&1</code>
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<code class="bash plain">EXITVALUE=$?</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">if</code> <code class="bash plain">[ $EXITVALUE != 0 ]; </code><code class="bash keyword">then</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">/usr/bin/logger</code> <code class="bash plain">-f logrotate </code><code class="bash string">"ALERT exited abnormally with [$EXITVALUE]"</code>
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<code class="bash keyword">fi</code>
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<code class="bash functions">exit</code> <code class="bash plain">0</code>
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<p>
最后最后重启下cron服务：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># /etc/init.d/crond restart</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Stopping crond: [ OK ]</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Starting crond: [ OK ]</code>
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<p>
<span><strong>总结</strong></span></p>
<p>
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对的支持。</p>
<p>
原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/6307298.html</p>

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Linux中logrotate日志轮询操作总结