详解Linux下挂载新硬盘方法
<p><strong>Linux的硬盘识别:</strong></p>
<p>
一般使用”fdisk -l”命令可以列出系统中当前连接的硬盘</p>
<p>
设备和分区信息.新硬盘没有分区信息,则只显示硬盘大小信息.</p>
<p>
1.关闭服务器加上新硬盘</p>
<p>
2.启动服务器，以root用户登录</p>
<p>
3.查看硬盘信息</p>
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<code class="bash comments">#fdisk -l</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Disk </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/sda</code><code class="bash plain">: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes </code>
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<code class="bash plain">255 heads, 63 sectors</code><code class="bash plain">/track</code><code class="bash plain">, 5221 cylinders </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Sector size (logical</code><code class="bash plain">/physical</code><code class="bash plain">): 512 bytes / 512 bytes </code>
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<code class="bash plain">I</code><code class="bash plain">/O</code> <code class="bash plain">size (minimum</code><code class="bash plain">/optimal</code><code class="bash plain">): 512 bytes / 512 bytes </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Disk identifier: 0x0004406e </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System </code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/sda1</code> <code class="bash plain">* 1 39 307200 83 Linux </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. </code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/sda2</code> <code class="bash plain">39 2589 20480000 83 Linux </code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/sda3</code> <code class="bash plain">2589 2850 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris </code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/sda4</code> <code class="bash plain">2850 5222 19057664 5 Extended </code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/sda5</code> <code class="bash plain">2850 5222 19056640 83 Linux </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Disk </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/sdb</code><code class="bash plain">: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes </code>
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<code class="bash plain">255 heads, 63 sectors</code><code class="bash plain">/track</code><code class="bash plain">, 1305 cylinders </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Sector size (logical</code><code class="bash plain">/physical</code><code class="bash plain">): 512 bytes / 512 bytes </code>
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<code class="bash plain">I</code><code class="bash plain">/O</code> <code class="bash plain">size (minimum</code><code class="bash plain">/optimal</code><code class="bash plain">): 512 bytes / 512 bytes </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Disk identifier: 0x14b52796 </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System</code>
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<p>
4.创建新硬盘分区命令参数：</p>
<p>
fdisk可以用m命令来看fdisk命令的内部命令；</p>
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<li>
a：命令指定启动分区；</li>
<li>
d：命令删除一个存在的分区；</li>
<li>
l：命令显示分区ID号的列表；</li>
<li>
m：查看fdisk命令帮助；</li>
<li>
n：命令创建一个新分区；</li>
<li>
p：命令显示分区列表；</li>
<li>
t：命令修改分区的类型ID号；</li>
<li>
w：命令是将对分区表的修改存盘让它发生作用。</li>
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<p>
5.进入磁盘，对磁盘进行分区，注意红色部分。</p>
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<code class="bash comments">#fdisk /dev/sdb</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Command (m </code><code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash plain">help):n </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Command action </code>
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<code class="bash plain"> e extended </code><code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">输入e为创建扩展分区 </code>
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<code class="bash plain"> p primary partition (1-4) </code><code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">输入p为创建逻辑分区 </code>
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<code class="bash plain">p </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Partion number(1-4)：1 </code><code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">在这里输入l，就进入划分逻辑分区阶段了； </code>
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<code class="bash plain">First cylinder (51-125, default 51): </code><code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">注：这个就是分区的Start 值；这里最好直接按回车，如果您输入了一个非默认的数字，会造成空间浪费； </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Using default value 51 </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (51-125, default 125): +200M 注：这个是定义分区大小的，+200M 就是大小为200M ；当然您也可以根据p提示的单位cylinder的大小来算，然后来指定 End的数值。回头看看是怎么算的；还是用+200M这个办法来添加，这样能直观一点。如果您想添加一个10G左右大小的分区，请输入 +10000M ； </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Command (m </code><code class="bash keyword">for</code> <code class="bash plain">help): w </code><code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">最后输入w回车保存。</code>
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查看一下：</p>
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<code class="bash comments">#fdisk -l</code>
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可以看到/dev/sdb1分区,我就省略截图咯。</p>
<p>
6.格式化分区：</p>
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<code class="bash comments">#mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 //注：将/dev/sdb1格式化为ext3类型</code>
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<code class="plain plain">mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) </code>
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<code class="plain plain">文件系统标签= </code>
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<code class="plain plain">操作系统:Linux </code>
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<code class="plain plain">块大小=4096 (log=2) </code>
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<code class="plain plain">分块大小=4096 (log=2) </code>
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<code class="plain plain">Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks </code>
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<code class="plain plain">640848 inodes, 2562359 blocks </code>
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<code class="plain plain">128117 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user </code>
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<code class="plain plain">第一个数据块=0 </code>
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<code class="plain plain">Maximum filesystem blocks=2625634304 </code>
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<code class="plain plain">79 block groups </code>
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<code class="plain plain">32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group </code>
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<code class="plain plain">8112 inodes per group </code>
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<code class="plain plain">Superblock backups stored on blocks: </code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632 </code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code>
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<code class="plain plain">正在写入inode表: 完成 </code>
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<code class="plain plain">Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成 </code>
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<code class="plain plain">Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成 </code>
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<code class="plain spaces"> </code>
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<code class="plain plain">This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or </code>
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<code class="plain plain">180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.</code>
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这样就格式化好了，我们就可以用mount 加载这个分区，然后使用这个文件系统；</p>
<p>
7.创建/data1目录：</p>
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<code class="bash comments">#mkdir /data1</code>
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8.开始挂载分区：</p>
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<code class="bash comments">#mount /dev/sdb1 /data1</code>
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9.查看硬盘大小以及挂载分区：</p>
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<code class="bash comments">#df -h</code>
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10.配置开机自动挂载</p>
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因为mount挂载在重启服务器后会失效，所以需要将分区信息写到/etc/fstab文件中让它永久挂载：</p>
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<code class="bash comments">#vim /etc/fstab</code>
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加入：</p>
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/dev/sdb1(磁盘分区) /data1（挂载目录） ext3（文件格式）defaults 0 0</p>
<p>
11.重启系统</p>
<p>
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。</p>
<p>
原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/zqixiao_09/article/details/51417432</p>
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