Linux下如何调整根目录的空间大小
<p><span><strong>一、目的</strong></span></p>
<p>
在使用CentOS6.3版本Linux系统的时候，发现根目录(/)的空间不是很充足，而其他目录空间有很大的空闲，所以本文主要是针对现在已有的空间进行调整。首先，先来查看一下系统的空间分配情况：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># df -h </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on </code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">50G 14G 34G 30% / </code>
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<code class="bash plain">tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/shm</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/sda1</code> <code class="bash plain">485M 37M 423M 8% </code><code class="bash plain">/boot</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">404G 670M 382G 1% </code><code class="bash plain">/home</code>
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<p>
下面的详细步骤部分将从vg_centos-lv_home分区下取出100G的空间添加到/vg_centos-lv_root分区上去。</p>
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<span><strong>二、详细步骤</strong></span></p>
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1、卸载vg_centos-lv_home分区</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># umount /home</code>
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此时在用df命令查看将会发现/home目录已经看不见了，如下所示：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># df -h </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on </code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">50G 14G 34G 30% / </code>
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<code class="bash plain">tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/shm</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/sda1</code> <code class="bash plain">485M 37M 423M 8% </code><code class="bash plain">/boot</code>
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2、从新设定vg_home-lv_home的大小</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home 282G </code>
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<code class="bash plain">resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Please run </code><code class="bash string">'e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home'</code> <code class="bash plain">first.</code>
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<p>
这一步设定vg_home-lv_home大小没有成功，系统提示我们先运行下面的命令，操作如下：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home </code>
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<code class="bash plain">e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Pass 2: Checking directory structure </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Pass 4: Checking reference counts </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Pass 5: Checking group summary information </code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home</code><code class="bash plain">: 1386</code><code class="bash plain">/26836992</code> <code class="bash plain">files (0.9% non-contiguous), 1855856</code><code class="bash plain">/107344896</code> <code class="bash plain">blocks</code>
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<p>
从新设定vg_home-lv_home的大小：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home 282G </code>
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<code class="bash plain">resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Resizing the filesystem on </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home</code> <code class="bash plain">to 73924608 (4k) blocks. </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Begin pass 2 (max = 43) </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Relocating blocks XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Begin pass 3 (max = 3276) </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Scanning inode table XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Begin pass 4 (max = 266) </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Updating inode references XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX </code>
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<code class="bash plain">The filesystem on </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home</code> <code class="bash plain">is now 73924608 blocks long.</code>
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<p>
检查是否成功：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># mount /home </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># df -h </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on </code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">50G 14G 34G 30% / </code>
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<code class="bash plain">tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/shm</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/sda1</code> <code class="bash plain">485M 37M 423M 8% </code><code class="bash plain">/boot</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">278G 663M 263G 1% </code><code class="bash plain">/home</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#</code>
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<p>
3、将lv_home逻辑分区减小到指定大小</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># lvreduce -L 282G /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">WARNING: Reducing active and </code><code class="bash functions">open</code> <code class="bash plain">logical volume to 282.00 GiB </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Do you really want to reduce lv_home? : y </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Reducing logical volume lv_home to 282.00 GiB </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Logical volume lv_home successfully resized </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments">#</code>
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<p>
我认为这个命令是将已经减少的100G空间拿到系统公共的区域，可以被其他分区加载和利用。</p>
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查询卷组的信息：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># vgdisplay </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">--- Volume group --- </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">VG Name vg_centos </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">System ID </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Format lvm2 </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Metadata Areas 1 </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Metadata Sequence No 5 </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">VG Access </code><code class="bash functions">read</code><code class="bash plain">/write</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">VG Status resizable </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">MAX LV 0 </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Cur LV 3 </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Open LV 3 </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Max PV 0 </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Cur PV 1 </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Act PV 1 </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">VG Size 465.27 GiB </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">PE Size 4.00 MiB </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Total PE 119109 </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Alloc PE / Size 86472 / 337.78 GiB </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Free PE / Size 32637 / 127.49 GiB </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">VG UUID 1k4ooN-RFV9-uyf1-uMYf-aERG-YaGs-ZNoSD6 </code>
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<p>
Free PE / Size指定的应该是现在可在分配的空间。</p>
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4、增加vg_centos-lv_root分区的大小</p>
<p>
将可用的空间添加到vg_centos-lv_root分区上面：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># lvextend -L +127.40G /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Rounding up size to full physical extent 127.40 GiB </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Extending logical volume lv_root to 177.40 GiB </code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">Logical volume lv_root successfully resized </code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># </code>
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从新设定该分区的大小：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root </code>
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<code class="bash plain">resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Filesystem at </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root</code> <code class="bash plain">is mounted on /; on-line resizing required </code>
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<code class="bash plain">old desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 12 </code>
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<code class="bash plain">Performing an on-line resize of </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root</code> <code class="bash plain">to 46504960 (4k) blocks. </code>
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<code class="bash plain">The filesystem on </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root</code> <code class="bash plain">is now 46504960 blocks long.</code>
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5、再次查看分区大小</p>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">175G 14G 153G 9% / </code>
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<code class="bash plain">tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/shm</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/sda1</code> <code class="bash plain">485M 37M 423M 8% </code><code class="bash plain">/boot</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">278G 663M 263G 1% </code><code class="bash plain">/home</code>
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我们发现vg_centos-lv_root分区的空间已经增加了125G，之所以比lv_home减少的空间要多25G主要是由于我们把系统所有的可用的空间都加在了lv_root分区。</p>
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<span><strong>三、所遇到的问题</strong></span></p>
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1、在卸载/home目录的时候失败</p>
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可先执行如下fuser命令，然后再umount即可：</p>
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2、设定完lv_home的大小，再次mount该分区时，发现用df命令无法看到给分区，此时只要在mount一次即可</p>
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3、在设定lv_root的大小时，不要把Free PE / Size的空间全部都用上，这很可能会出现Free PE空间不足的现象，建议保留一点Free PE的空间。</p>
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以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。</p>
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原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/andy_yf/article/details/7831482</p>
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