Linux shell中的test命令用法教程

选票很重要 發表於 2023-10-20 00:00:00

<p>
<span><strong>test命令</strong></span></p>
<p>
test命令是shell环境中测试条件表达式的实用工具，下面来看看test命令的用法介绍：</p>
<p>
<span><strong>语法</strong></span></p>
<p>
test(选项)</p>
<p>
选项</p>
<ul>
<li>
-b<文件>：如果文件为一个块特殊文件，则为真；</li>
<li>
-c<文件>：如果文件为一个字符特殊文件，则为真；</li>
<li>
-d<文件>：如果文件为一个目录，则为真；</li>
<li>
-e<文件>：如果文件存在，则为真；</li>
<li>
-f<文件>：如果文件为一个普通文件，则为真；</li>
<li>
-g<文件>：如果设置了文件的SGID位，则为真；</li>
<li>
-G<文件>：如果文件存在且归该组所有，则为真；</li>
<li>
-k<文件>：如果设置了文件的粘着位，则为真；</li>
<li>
-O<文件>：如果文件存在并且归该用户所有，则为真；</li>
<li>
-p<文件>：如果文件为一个命名管道，则为真；</li>
<li>
-r<文件>：如果文件可读，则为真；</li>
<li>
-s<文件>：如果文件的长度不为零，则为真；</li>
<li>
-S<文件>：如果文件为一个套接字特殊文件，则为真；</li>
<li>
-u<文件>：如果设置了文件的SUID位，则为真；</li>
<li>
-w<文件>：如果文件可写，则为真；</li>
<li>
-x<文件>：如果文件可执行，则为真。</li>
<li>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
<span><strong>实例</strong></span></p>
<p>
linux中shell编程中的test常见用法：</p>
<p>
<strong>判断表达式</strong></p>
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<code class="plain plain">if test #表达式为真</code>
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<code class="plain plain">if test ! #表达式为假</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test 表达式1 –a 表达式2 #两个表达式都为真</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test 表达式1 –o 表达式2 #两个表达式有一个为真</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test 表达式1 ! 表达式2 #条件求反</code>
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<textarea></textarea>
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<p>
<strong>判断字符串</strong></p>
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<code class="plain plain">test –n 字符串 #字符串的长度非零</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –z 字符串 #字符串的长度是否为零</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test 字符串1＝字符串2 #字符串是否相等，若相等返回true</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test 字符串1!＝字符串2 #字符串是否不等，若不等反悔false</code>
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<p>
判断整数</p>
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<code class="plain plain">test 整数1 -eq 整数2 #整数相等</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test 整数1 -ge 整数2 #整数1大于等于整数2</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test 整数1 -gt 整数2 #整数1大于整数2</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test 整数1 -le 整数2 #整数1小于等于整数2</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test 整数1 -lt 整数2 #整数1小于整数2</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test 整数1 -ne 整数2 #整数1不等于整数2</code>
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<textarea></textarea>
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<p>
判断文件</p>
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<code class="plain plain">test File1 –ef File2 两个文件是否为同一个文件，可用于硬连接。主要判断两个文件是否指向同一个inode。</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test File1 –nt File2 判断文件1是否比文件2新</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test File1 –ot File2 判断文件1比是否文件2旧</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –b file #文件是否块设备文件</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –c File #文件并且是字符设备文件</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –d File #文件并且是目录</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –e File #文件是否存在（常用）</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –f File #文件是否为正规文件（常用）</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –g File #文件是否是设置了组id</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –G File #文件属于的有效组ID</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –h File #文件是否是一个符号链接（同-L）</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –k File #文件是否设置了Sticky bit位</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –b File #文件存在并且是块设备文件</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –L File #文件是否是一个符号链接（同-h）</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –o File #文件的属于有效用户ID</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –p File #文件是一个命名管道</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –r File #文件是否可读</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –s File #文件是否是非空白文件</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –t FD #文件描述符是在一个终端打开的</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –u File #文件存在并且设置了它的set-user-id位</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –w File #文件是否存在并可写</code>
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<code class="plain plain">test –x File #文件属否存在并可执行</code>
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<p>
<span><strong>拓展</strong></span></p>
<p>
test xxx 可以简写成 [ xxx ] 的形式。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>注意：</strong></span>在使用"["简写test时，左中括号后面的空格和右括号前面的空格是必需的，如果没有空格，Shell不可能辨别表达式何时开始何时结束．</p>
<p>
也就是说</p>
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<code class="plain plain">test option file</code>
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<p>
可以全部改写成：</p>
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<code class="plain plain">[ option file ]</code>
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<p>
例如:</p>
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<code class="plain plain">test –w File</code>
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<p>
改写成 </p>
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<code class="plain plain">[ –w File ]</code>
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<p>
<strong>【示例】</strong></p>
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<code class="plain plain">//判断第一个参数是否为空字符串，不空则打印</code>
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<code class="plain plain">if test -n "$1"</code>
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<code class="plain plain">then</code>
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<code class="plain plain">echo "$1"</code>
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<code class="plain plain">fi</code>
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测试，放到文件当中</p>
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<code class="plain plain">#!/bin/sh</code>
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<code class="plain plain">if test -n "$1"</code>
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<code class="plain plain">then</code>
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<code class="plain plain">echo "$1"</code>
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<code class="plain plain">fi</code>
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<code class="plain plain">执行</code>
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<code class="plain plain">chmod +x test.sh</code>
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<code class="plain plain">./test.sh www.linuxpig.com</code>
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<p>
<span><strong>总结</strong></span></p>
<p>
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对的支持。</p>

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Linux shell中的test命令用法教程