linux下挂载VHD等虚拟磁盘文件的方法
<p><strong>1、RAW格式虚拟磁盘</strong></p>
<p>
linux下可以直接挂载raw格式的虚拟磁盘镜像文件。</p>
<p>
例如，这里先用dd命令创建一个文件，然后将其格式化为<code>ext4</code>格式(只有一个分区)，然后挂载到<code>/mnt</code>目录。</p>
<p>
下面的<code>raw.img</code>磁盘镜像文件就一个分区，所以没有使用<code>offset=</code>来指定偏移。如果有多个分区，则可以通过指定偏移来挂载。具体的可以查阅<code>mount</code>命令的相关参数信息。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">dd</code> <code class="bash keyword">if</code><code class="bash plain">=</code><code class="bash plain">/dev/zero</code> <code class="bash plain">of=raw.img bs=1M count=512</code>
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<code class="bash plain">记录了512+0 的读入</code>
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<code class="bash plain">记录了512+0 的写出</code>
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<code class="bash plain">536870912 bytes (537 MB, 512 MiB) copied, 0.207045 s, 2.6 GB</code><code class="bash plain">/s</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/home/o</code> <code class="bash plain"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> mkfs.ext4 -q raw.img </code>
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<code class="bash plain">/home/o</code> <code class="bash plain"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash functions">mount</code> <code class="bash plain">-o loop raw.img </code><code class="bash plain">/mnt</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/home/o</code> <code class="bash plain"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">df</code> <code class="bash plain">-h</code>
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<code class="bash plain">文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点</code>
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<code class="bash plain">tmpfs 3.9G 79M 3.8G 2% </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/shm</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/sda4</code> <code class="bash plain">30G 6.6G 24G 22% /</code>
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<code class="bash plain">tmpfs 3.9G 136K 3.9G 1% </code><code class="bash plain">/tmp</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/sda2</code> <code class="bash plain">69G 26G 41G 39% </code><code class="bash plain">/home</code>
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<code class="bash plain">tmpfs 794M 36K 794M 1% </code><code class="bash plain">/run/user/1000</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/loop0</code> <code class="bash plain">488M 780K 452M 1% </code><code class="bash plain">/mnt</code>
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<p>
<strong>2、VHD/VHDX磁盘文件挂载</strong></p>
<p>
linux不能直接支持挂载VHD磁盘镜像文件。可以通过vmware的<code>vmware-mount</code>等工具来挂载。<code>vmware</code>没有直接提供这个工具，但在<code>vmware player</code>和<code>vmware workstation</code>中都有提供。但这里不打算使用这种方式。</p>
<p>
这里使用qemu-nbd来挂载磁盘镜像文件。</p>
<p>
<strong>a)安装qemu</strong></p>
<p>
首先要安装一下<code>qemu-kvm</code>，我这里使用的是<code>Fedora 25</code>，安装命令如下</p>
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<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">dnf </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">qemu-kvm</code>
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如果你是用的debian/ubuntu等，可以使用<code>sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm</code>进行安装。</p>
<p>
archlinux可以使用<code>sudo pacman -S qemu</code>进行安装。</p>
<p>
<strong>b)加载nbd驱动</strong></p>
<p>
NBD(Network Block Device)是<code>网络块设备</code>的缩写。这个模块可以将一个远程主机的磁盘空间（与挂载nfs有区别），当作一个本地块设备来使用。</p>
<p>
NBD是一个内核模块，大部分Linux发行版都已经包含它，这里不需要再安装了。</p>
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<strong>使用modprobe来加载nbd驱动</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">/media/o/data</code> <code class="bash plain"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">modprobe nbd max_part=8</code>
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<p>
<strong>加载完成后，可以使用modinfo命令来查看模块信息</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">/media/o/data</code> <code class="bash plain"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> modinfo nbd</code>
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<code class="bash plain">filename: </code><code class="bash plain">/lib/modules/4</code><code class="bash plain">.9.6-200.fc25.x86_64</code><code class="bash plain">/kernel/drivers/block/nbd</code><code class="bash plain">.ko.xz</code>
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<code class="bash plain">license: GPL</code>
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<code class="bash plain">description: Network Block Device</code>
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<code class="bash plain">depends: </code>
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<code class="bash plain">intree: Y</code>
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<code class="bash plain">vermagic: 4.9.6-200.fc25.x86_64 SMP mod_unload </code>
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<code class="bash plain">signat: PKCS</code><code class="bash comments">#7</code>
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<code class="bash plain">signer: </code>
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<code class="bash plain">sig_key: </code>
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<code class="bash plain">sig_hashalgo: md4</code>
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<code class="bash plain">parm: nbds_max:number of network block devices to initialize (default: 16) (int)</code>
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<code class="bash plain">parm: max_part:number of partitions per device (default: 0) (int)</code>
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<p>
上面的信息说，初始化网络块设备的数目为16，说明其在<code>/dev/</code>下创建16个nbd设备。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">/media/o/data</code> <code class="bash plain"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">ls</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd</code><code class="bash plain">*</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd0</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd0p1</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd1</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd10</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd11</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd12</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd13</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd14</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd15</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd2</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd3</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd4</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd5</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd6</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd7</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd8</code> <code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd9</code>
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<p>
<strong>c)将vhdx文件连接到nbd设备</strong></p>
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这里使用<code>qemu-nbd</code>来进行连接（使用-c参数为连接，使用-d参数断开连接）</p>
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<code class="bash plain">/media/o/data</code> <code class="bash plain"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">qemu-nbd -c </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd0</code> <code class="bash plain">VS2017RC-offline.vhdx</code>
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<p>
连接上之后使用<code>fdisk</code>查看一下设备信息。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">/media/o/data</code> <code class="bash plain"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash functions">fdisk</code> <code class="bash plain">-l </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd0</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Disk </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd0</code><code class="bash plain">：100 GiB，107374182400 字节，209715200 个扇区</code>
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<code class="bash plain">单元：扇区 / 1 * 512 = 512 字节</code>
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<code class="bash plain">扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节</code>
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<code class="bash plain">I</code><code class="bash plain">/O</code> <code class="bash plain">大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节</code>
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<code class="bash plain">磁盘标签类型：dos</code>
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<code class="bash plain">磁盘标识符：0xa373e501</code>
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<code class="bash plain">设备 启动 起点 末尾 扇区 大小 Id 类型</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd0p1</code> <code class="bash plain">2048 209711103 209709056 100G 7 HPFS</code><code class="bash plain">/NTFS/exFAT</code>
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<p>
实际上磁盘只有一个分区，分区格式为<code>exFAT</code>，磁盘大小为动态增长。</p>
<p>
<strong>d)挂载分区</strong></p>
<p>
直接使用<code>mount</code>命令挂载<code>nbd0p1</code>即可</p>
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<code class="bash plain">/media/o/data</code> <code class="bash plain"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash functions">mount</code> <code class="bash plain">-t exfat -o rw </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/nbd0p1</code> <code class="bash plain">/mnt</code>
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<code class="bash plain">[</code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code><code class="bash plain">] o 的密码：</code>
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<code class="bash plain">FUSE exfat 1.0.1</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/media/o/data</code> <code class="bash plain"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">ls</code> <code class="bash plain">/mnt/</code>
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<code class="bash string">'$RECYCLE.BIN'</code> <code class="bash string">'System Volume Information'</code> <code class="bash plain">vs2017rc 安装说明.txt</code>
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<p>
<strong>安装exFAT支持</strong></p>
<p>
因为分区是<code>exFAT</code>格式的，不能直接挂载。</p>
<p>
先安装一下<code>fuse-exfat</code>和<code>exfat-utils</code>。</p>
<p>
具体的安装过程简要的说一下</p>
<p>
先下载两个rpm源码包。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">wget http:</code><code class="bash plain">//download1</code><code class="bash plain">.rpmfusion.org</code><code class="bash plain">/free/el/updates/6/SRPMS/exfat-utils-1</code><code class="bash plain">.0.1-2.el6.src.rpm</code>
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<code class="bash plain">wget http:</code><code class="bash plain">//download1</code><code class="bash plain">.rpmfusion.org</code><code class="bash plain">/free/el/updates/6/SRPMS/exfat-utils-1</code><code class="bash plain">.0.1-2.el6.src.rpm</code>
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然后安装<code>fuse-devel</code>和<code>rpmbuild</code>,并解压<code>src.rpm</code>包。</p>
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<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">dnf </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">fuse-devel rpmbuild</code>
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<code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">dnf </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash plain">scons </code><code class="bash comments"># 构建exfat-utils需要</code>
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<code class="bash plain">rpm -ivh exfat-utils-1.0.1-2.el6.src.rpm exfat-utils-1.0.1-2.el6.src.rpm</code>
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解压完成之后可以在当前用户的<code>home</code>目录下看到<code>rpmbuild</code>目录，进入该目录下的<code>SPECS</code>目录。</p>
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然后使用<code>rpmbuild</code>构建<code>rpm</code>包。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">rpmbuild -ba exfat-utils.spec</code>
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<code class="bash plain">rpmbuild -ba fuse-exfat.spec</code>
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构建完成之后进入<code>rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64</code>目录(这里x86_64与你的系统构架有关)，安装生成的<code>rpm</code>包。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">/home/o/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64</code> <code class="bash plain"> </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">rpm -ivh exfat-utils-1.0.1-2.fc25.x86_64.rpm fuse-exfat-1.0.1-1.fc25.x86_64.rpm </code>
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<code class="bash plain">准备中... </code><code class="bash comments">################################# </code>
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<code class="bash plain">正在升级/安装...</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">1:fuse-exfat-1.0.1-1.fc25 </code><code class="bash comments">################################# [ 50%]</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">2:exfat-utils-1.0.1-2.fc25 </code><code class="bash comments">################################# </code>
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ubuntu上可以直接使用apt来安装<code>sudo apt install exfat-utils exfat-fuse</code></p>
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<strong>3、其它虚拟磁盘文件的挂载</strong></p>
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其它的就不再说了，与上面的VHD挂载是一样的，前提是要是支持的磁盘映像格式才行。</p>
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以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。</p>
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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/oloroso/p/6385398.html</p>
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