详解在Linux下搭建Git服务器
<p>众所周知，版本系统在开发环境中是必不可少的，但是我们可以把代码免费的托管到GitHub上，如果我们不原意公开项目的源代码，公司又不想付费使用，那么我们可以自己搭建一台Git服务器，可以用Gitosis来管理公钥，还是比较方便的。</p>
<p>
搭建环境：</p>
<p>
服务器 CentOS6.6 + git（version 1.8.3.1）</p>
<p>
客户端 Windows10 + git（version 2.11.1.windows.1）</p>
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<strong>1. 安装Git相关软件</strong></p>
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Linux是服务器端系统，Windows作为客户端系统，分别安装Git</p>
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安装服务端：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># yum install -y git</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># git --version //安装完后，查看 Git 版本</code>
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<code class="bash plain">git version 1.8.3.1</code>
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安装客户端：</p>
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下载 Git for Windows，地址：https://git-for-windows.github.io/</p>
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安装完之后，可以使用Git Bash作为命令行客户端。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ git --version</code>
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<code class="bash plain">git version 2.11.1.windows.1 </code><code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">安装完之后，查看Git版本</code>
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安装Gitosis</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cd software/</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># git clone https://github.com/res0nat0r/gitosis.git</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># yum install python-setuptools -y</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cd gitosis</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># sudo python setup.py install</code>
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出现下面的信息表示安装成功了</p>
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<code class="plain plain">Using /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages</code>
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<code class="plain plain">Finished processing dependencies for gitosis==0.2</code>
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<strong>2. 服务器端创建git用户来管理Git服务</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># id git //查看git用户是否存在</code>
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<code class="bash functions">id</code><code class="bash plain">: git: no such user</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># useradd git</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># echo "123" | passwd --stdin git</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># su - git //切换到git用户下</code>
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<strong>3. 配置公钥</strong></p>
<p>
在Windows上配置管理者，git服务器需要一些管理者，通过上传开发者机器的公钥到服务器，添加成为git服务器的管理者,打开git命令行</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">-keygen -t rsa </code><code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">一直回车，不需要设置密码</code>
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<code class="bash plain">~ </code><code class="bash functions">scp</code> <code class="bash plain">~/.</code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">/id_rsa</code><code class="bash plain">.pub git@192.168.34.184:~ </code><code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">复制到git服务器上</code>
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<strong>4. 配置gitosis</strong></p>
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使用git用户并初始化gitosis</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cd .ssh</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># gitosis-init < ./id_rsa.pub</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Initialized empty Git repository </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">/home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin</code><code class="bash plain">.git/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Reinitialized existing Git repository </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">/home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin</code><code class="bash plain">.git/</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chmod 755 /home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/hooks/post-update //添加权限</code>
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在Windows上机器上clone gitosis-admin到管理者主机</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ git clone </code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">//git</code><code class="bash plain">@192.168.34.184:22</code><code class="bash plain">/gitosis-admin</code><code class="bash plain">.git</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">gitosis-admin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">ls</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ gitosis.conf keydir</code>
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<code>gitosis.conf: git</code>服务器配置文件</p>
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<code>keydir: </code>存放客户端公钥</p>
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<strong>配置gitosis.conf文件</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ vim gitosis.conf</code>
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<code class="bash plain"> </code><code class="bash comments">#组名称</code>
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<code class="bash plain">members = yueyong@SHA2-001 </code><code class="bash comments">#组成员</code>
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<code class="bash plain">writable = gitosis-admin </code><code class="bash comments">#项目名称</code>
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<code class="bash plain"> </code><code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">这里添加了</code><code class="bash string">"test"</code><code class="bash plain">项目组,上传到个git服务器</code>
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<code class="bash plain">members = yueyong@SHA2-001</code>
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<code class="bash plain">writable = </code><code class="bash functions">test</code>
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在Windows管理者机器上创建本地test仓库，并上传到git服务端</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ git config --global user.name </code><code class="bash string">"Your Name"</code> <code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">第一次提交需要设置个人信息，设置用户名和邮箱</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ git config --global user.email </code><code class="bash string">"email@example.com"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">~</code><code class="bash plain">/repo</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash functions">test</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ git init</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ tocuh readme.txt</code>
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提交到远程服务器</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ git add .</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ git commit -a -m </code><code class="bash string">'init test'</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ git remote add repo git@192.168.186.129:</code><code class="bash functions">test</code><code class="bash plain">.git </code><code class="bash plain">//repo</code> <code class="bash plain">远程库的名称，可以换成任意名称</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ git push repo master </code><code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">上传本地所有分支代码到远程对应的分支上</code>
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服务端会自动创建test仓库</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># pwd</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/home/git/repositories</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">ls</code>
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<code class="bash plain">gitosis-admin.git </code><code class="bash functions">test</code><code class="bash plain">.git</code>
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<strong>5.添加其他git用户开发者</strong></p>
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由于公司开发团队人数不断增多，手动添加开发者私钥到/home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys比较麻烦，通过上面的Windows机器的管理者统一收集其他开发者的私钥id_rsa.pub文件，然后传到服务器上，配置好后，用户即获得项目权限，可以从远程仓库拉取和推送项目，达到共同开发项目。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">~</code><code class="bash plain">/gitosis-admin/keydir</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">mv</code> <code class="bash plain">~</code><code class="bash plain">/id_rsa</code><code class="bash plain">.pub zhangsan@SHA2-002.pub </code><code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">修改公钥为主机名.pub</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ vim gitosis.conf</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain"></code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">writable = </code><code class="bash functions">test</code>
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<code class="bash spaces"> </code><code class="bash plain">members = yueyong@SHA2-001 zhangsan@SHA2-002 </code><code class="bash plain">//</code><code class="bash plain">添加成员</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ git add .</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ git commit -m </code><code class="bash string">"add zhangsan@SHA2-002 pub and update gitosis.conf"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ git push repo master</code>
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推送完成后，新加进来的开发者就可以进行项目的开发了，后续增加人员可以这样添加进来，开发者直接把仓库clone下来就可以了。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">git clone git@192.168.34.184:</code><code class="bash plain">/home/git/repositories/test</code><code class="bash plain">.git</code>
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报错问题：<span>ERROR:gitosis serve main repository read access denied</span></p>
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根据这个报错，可以看出key是没问题的，通过排查，发现不应该把这个/home/git/repositories/test.git写全，git clone git@192.168.34.184:test.git</p>
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这样就可以了。</p>
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以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。</p>
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原文链接：http://www.linuxprobe.com/linux-deploy-git.html</p>
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