Linux中 find查找命令用法详解
<p>Linux下查找文件的命令有两个，分别是locate 和 find。</p>
<p>
locate指令和find找寻档案的功能类似，但locate是透过update程序将硬盘中的所有档案和目录资料先建立一个索引数据库，在 执行loacte时直接找该索引，查询速度会较快，索引数据库一般是由操作系统管理，但也可以直接下达update强迫系统立即修改索引数据库。简单介绍下它的两个选项。</p>
<p>
#locate </p>
<p>
-i //查找文件的时候不区分大小写 比如：locate –i passwd</p>
<p>
-n //只显示查找结果的前N行 比如：locate -n 5 passwd</p>
<p>
Linux下find命令在目录结构中搜索文件，并执行指定的操作。Linux下find命令提供了相当多的查找条件，功能很强大。由于find具有强大的功能，所以它的选项也很多，其中大部分选项都值得我们花时间来了解一下。即使系统中含有网络文件系统( NFS)，find命令在该文件系统中同样有效，只你具有相应的权限。 在运行一个非常消耗资源的find命令时，很多人都倾向于把它放在后台执行，因为遍历一个大的文件系统可能会花费很长的时间(这里是指30G字节以上的文件系统)。</p>
<p>
find使用格式 ： find [指定查找目录] [查找规则] [查找完后执行的action]</p>
<p>
find在不指定查找目录的情况下是对整个系统进行遍历查找</p>
<p>
<strong>find命令详解</strong></p>
<p>
查找文件</p>
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<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -</code><code class="bash functions">type</code> <code class="bash plain">f</code>
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查找目录</p>
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<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -</code><code class="bash functions">type</code> <code class="bash plain">d</code>
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查找名字为test的文件或目录</p>
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<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -name </code><code class="bash functions">test</code>
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查找名字符合正则表达式的文件,注意前面的‘.*'(查找到的文件带有目录)</p>
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查找目录并列出目录下的文件(为找到的每一个目录单独执行ls命令，没有选项-print时文件列表前一行不会显示目录名称)</p>
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<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -</code><code class="bash functions">type</code> <code class="bash plain">d -print -</code><code class="bash functions">exec</code> <code class="bash functions">ls</code> <code class="bash plain">{} \;</code>
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查找目录并列出目录下的文件(为找到的每一个目录单独执行ls命令,执行命令前需要确认)</p>
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<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -</code><code class="bash functions">type</code> <code class="bash plain">d -ok </code><code class="bash functions">ls</code> <code class="bash plain">{} \;</code>
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查找目录并列出目录下的文件(将找到的目录添加到ls命令后一次执行，参数过长时会分多次执行)</p>
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查找文件名匹配*.c的文件</p>
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打印test文件名后，打印test文件的内容</p>
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不打印test文件名，只打印test文件的内容</p>
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查找文件更新日时在距现在时刻二天以内的文件</p>
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查找文件更新日时在距现在时刻二天以上的文件</p>
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查找文件更新日时在距现在时刻一天以上二天以内的文件</p>
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查找文件更新日时在距现在时刻二分以内的文件</p>
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查找文件更新日时在距现在时刻二分以上的文件</p>
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查找文件更新日时在距现在时刻一分以上二分以内的文件</p>
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查找文件更新时间比文件abc的内容更新时间新的文件</p>
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<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -newer abc</code>
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查找文件访问时间比文件abc的内容更新时间新的文件</p>
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查找空文件或空目录</p>
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<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -empty</code>
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查找空文件并删除</p>
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查找权限为644的文件或目录(需完全符合)</p>
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<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -perm 664</code>
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查找用户/组权限为读写，其他用户权限为读(其他权限不限)的文件或目录</p>
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查找用户有写权限或者组用户有写权限的文件或目录</p>
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<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -perm </code><code class="bash plain">/u</code><code class="bash plain">+w,g+w</code>
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<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -perm </code><code class="bash plain">/u</code><code class="bash plain">=w,g=w</code>
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查找所有者权限有读权限的目录或文件</p>
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<p>
查找用户组权限有读权限的目录或文件</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_812775">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -perm -g=r</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
查找其它用户权限有读权限的目录或文件</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_378272">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -perm -o=r</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
查找所有者为lzj的文件或目录</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_972568">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -user lzj</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
查找组名为gname的文件或目录</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_970717">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -group gname</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
查找文件的用户ID不存在的文件</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_482041">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -nouser</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
查找文件的组ID不存在的文件</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_13868">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -nogroup</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
查找有执行权限但没有可读权限的文件</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_104610">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -executable \! -readable</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
查找文件size小于10个字节的文件或目录</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_799385">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -size -10c</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
查找文件size等于10个字节的文件或目录</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_529771">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -size 10c</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
查找文件size大于10个字节的文件或目录</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_785136">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -size +10c</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
查找文件size小于10k的文件或目录</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_111274">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -size -10k</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
查找文件size小于10M的文件或目录</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_18102">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -size -10M</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
查找文件size小于10G的文件或目录</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_670820">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash functions">find</code> <code class="bash plain">./ -size -10G</code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。</p>
<p>
原文链接：http://www.jianshu.com/p/66cc68b9583f</p>
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