Linux中文本处理工具之sort命令详解
<p><span><strong>前言</strong></span></p>
<p>
sort命令将每一行作为一个单位进行比较，比较原则是从首字符向后，依次按ASCII码值进行比较，最后将他们按一定的顺序进行输出，实际上，sort命令可以被认为是一个非常强大的数据治理工具，用来治理内容类似数据库记录的文件。下面来一起看看吧。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>一、sort实战演练</strong></span></p>
<p>
<strong>sort.txt</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">root,x,0,0,root,</code><code class="bash plain">/root</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
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<code class="bash plain">daemon,x,1,1,daemon,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">bin,x,2,2,bin,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">bin,x,2,2,bin,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">sys,x,3,3,sys,</code><code class="bash plain">/dev</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<strong>number.txt</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">9</code>
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<code class="bash plain">8</code>
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<code class="bash plain">90</code>
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<code class="bash plain">82</code>
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<code class="bash plain">2</code>
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<strong>human_readable.txt</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">2k</code>
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<code class="bash plain">2G</code>
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<code class="bash plain">2M</code>
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<code class="bash plain">20M</code>
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<p>
<strong>实战演练</strong></p>
<p>
输出升序排序文件</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> root@wing:~</code><code class="bash plain">/wing</code> <code class="bash comments"># sort sort.txt </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> bin,x,2,2,bin,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> bin,x,2,2,bin,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> daemon,x,1,1,daemon,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> root,x,0,0,root,</code><code class="bash plain">/root</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> sys,x,3,3,sys,</code><code class="bash plain">/dev</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">></code>
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<code class="bash plain">></code>
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输出降序排序文件</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> root@wing:~</code><code class="bash plain">/wing</code> <code class="bash comments"># sort -r sort.txt </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> sys,x,3,3,sys,</code><code class="bash plain">/dev</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> root,x,0,0,root,</code><code class="bash plain">/root</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> daemon,x,1,1,daemon,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> bin,x,2,2,bin,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> bin,x,2,2,bin,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">></code>
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<code class="bash plain">></code>
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<p>
将sort文件按照第三列升序输出</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> root@wing:~</code><code class="bash plain">/wing</code> <code class="bash comments"># sort -t , -k 3 sort.txt </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> root,x,0,0,root,</code><code class="bash plain">/root</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> daemon,x,1,1,daemon,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> bin,x,2,2,bin,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> bin,x,2,2,bin,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> sys,x,3,3,sys,</code><code class="bash plain">/dev</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">></code>
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<p>
去掉重复行降序输出</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> root@wing:~</code><code class="bash plain">/wing</code> <code class="bash comments"># sort -ur sort.txt </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> sys,x,3,3,sys,</code><code class="bash plain">/dev</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> root,x,0,0,root,</code><code class="bash plain">/root</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> daemon,x,1,1,daemon,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> bin,x,2,2,bin,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">></code>
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<p>
<span><strong>二、sort常用参数</strong></span></p>
<p>
-b, –ignore-leading-blanks</p>
<p>
忽略每一行开头的空格，从第一个不是空格的字符开始比较。</p>
<p>
-c, –check, –check=diagnose-first</p>
<p>
检查文件是否已经排序，如果没有排序，则输出第一个未排序的行，如果已经排序，则返回1.</p>
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<code class="bash plain">>root@wing:~</code><code class="bash plain">/wing</code> <code class="bash comments"># sort -c sort.txt </code>
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<code class="bash plain">></code><code class="bash functions">sort</code><code class="bash plain">: </code><code class="bash functions">sort</code><code class="bash plain">.txt:2: disorder: daemon,x,1,1,daemon,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<p>
-C, –check=quiet, –check=silent</p>
<p>
与-c参数功能一致，不同的是，如果没有排序，该参数并不会输出第一个未排序的行，二是什么都不会输出。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> root@wing:~</code><code class="bash plain">/wing</code> <code class="bash comments"># sort -c sort.txt </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> </code><code class="bash functions">sort</code><code class="bash plain">: </code><code class="bash functions">sort</code><code class="bash plain">.txt:2: disorder: daemon,x,1,1,daemon,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> root@wing:~</code><code class="bash plain">/wing</code> <code class="bash comments"># </code>
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<p>
-f, –ignore-case</p>
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忽略大小写，将所有的小写字母转换为大写字母进行比较。</p>
<p>
-h, –human-numeric-sort</p>
<p>
以人类可读的方式排序，如对k,G进行排序。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> root@wing:~</code><code class="bash plain">/wing</code> <code class="bash comments"># sort human_readable.txt </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> 20M</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> 2G</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> 2k</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> 2M</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> root@wing:~</code><code class="bash plain">/wing</code> <code class="bash comments"># sort -h human_readable.txt </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> 2k</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> 2M</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> 20M</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> 2G</code>
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<code class="bash plain">></code>
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<p>
-M, –month-sort</p>
<p>
按月份排序，如JAN,MAR等等。</p>
<p>
-n, –numeric-sort</p>
<p>
将数字转换为数值的方式排序。</p>
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<code class="bash plain">> root@wing:~</code><code class="bash plain">/wing</code> <code class="bash comments"># sort number.txt </code>
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<code class="bash plain">> 2</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> 8</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> 82</code>
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<code class="bash plain">> 9</code>
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<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">> 90</code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">> root@wing:~</code><code class="bash plain">/wing</code> <code class="bash comments"># sort -n number.txt </code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">> 2</code>
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">> 8</code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">> 9</code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">> 82</code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">> 90</code>
</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">></code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
-R, –random-sort</p>
<p>
以随机的方式进行排序。</p>
<div class="jb51code">
<div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighterbash" id="highlighter_630306">
<div class="toolbar">
<span>?</span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td class="gutter">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
4</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
5</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
6</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
7</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
8</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
9</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
10</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
11</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
12</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
13</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
14</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
15</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
16</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
17</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
18</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
19</div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
20</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
21</div>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="container">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">> root@wing:~</code><code class="bash plain">/wing</code> <code class="bash comments"># sort -R sort.txt </code>
</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">> daemon,x,1,1,daemon,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">> sys,x,3,3,sys,</code><code class="bash plain">/dev</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">> root,x,0,0,root,</code><code class="bash plain">/root</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">> bin,x,2,2,bin,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">> bin,x,2,2,bin,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">></code>
</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">> root@wing:~</code><code class="bash plain">/wing</code> <code class="bash comments"># sort -R sort.txt </code>
</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">> root,x,0,0,root,</code><code class="bash plain">/root</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">> sys,x,3,3,sys,</code><code class="bash plain">/dev</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">> daemon,x,1,1,daemon,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">> bin,x,2,2,bin,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">> bin,x,2,2,bin,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">></code>
</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">> root@wing:~</code><code class="bash plain">/wing</code> <code class="bash comments"># sort -R sort.txt </code>
</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">> root,x,0,0,root,</code><code class="bash plain">/root</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">> bin,x,2,2,bin,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
</div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">> bin,x,2,2,bin,</code><code class="bash plain">/bin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">> daemon,x,1,1,daemon,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
</div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1">
<code class="bash plain">> sys,x,3,3,sys,</code><code class="bash plain">/dev</code><code class="bash plain">,</code><code class="bash plain">/usr/sbin/nologin</code>
</div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2">
<code class="bash plain">></code>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codetool" id="codetool">
<div class="code_n">
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
-r, –reverse</p>
<p>
默认是升序排序，加上-r参数是降序排序。</p>
<p>
-o, –output=FILE</p>
<p>
将sort命令的结果输出到另一个文件中。</p>
<p>
-u, –unique</p>
<p>
和-c参数一起时，并没有什么用;</p>
<p>
不与-c参数一起时，将所有的行去重后排序输出。</p>
<p>
-t, –field-separator</p>
<p>
分隔符。</p>
<p>
-k, –key</p>
<p>
根据key去排序，可以是列的位置或者类型。</p>
<p>
<span><strong>总结</strong></span></p>
<p>
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对的支持。</p>
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