CentOS6.5平台上rsync服务器安装配置方法简述
<p>本文实例讲述了CentOS6.5平台上rsync服务器安装配置方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：</p>
<p>
<span><strong>rsync安装</strong></span></p>
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<code class="bash comments"># 检查是否安装过rsync, 如果已经安装过需要卸载</code>
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<code class="bash plain">rpm -qa|</code><code class="bash functions">grep</code> <code class="bash functions">rsync</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 安装了rsync 卸载</code>
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<code class="bash plain">rpm -e </code><code class="bash functions">rsync</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 下载最新rpm包(注意操作系统和位数的匹配)</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># rsync的rpm包列表地址：http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rsync</code>
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<code class="bash plain">wget http:</code><code class="bash plain">//pkgs</code><code class="bash plain">.repoforge.org</code><code class="bash plain">/rsync/rsync-3</code><code class="bash plain">.1.1-1.el6.rfx.x86_64.rpm</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># rpm包安装</code>
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<code class="bash plain">rpm -ivh </code><code class="bash functions">rsync</code><code class="bash plain">-3.1.1-1.el6.rfx.x86_64.rpm</code>
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<p>
<span><strong>rsync服务端配置</strong></span></p>
<p>
<span><strong>启动配置</strong></span></p>
<p>
1. 选择rsync服务器启动方式</p>
<p>
① rsync服务器负载比较高，则使用独立启动模式<br>
② rsync服务器负责较低，使用xinetd运行方式</p>
<p>
2. 创建配置文件rsyncd.conf</p>
<p>
3. 对于非匿名方式访问的rsync服务器创建配置口令(建议配置需要口令访问)</p>
<p>
CentOS 默认以xinetd模式运行rsync,rsync的xinetd配置文件是/etc/xinetd.d/rsync<br>
如果配置rsync以xinetd模式运行，执行如下命令</p>
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<code class="bash plain">chkconfig </code><code class="bash functions">rsync</code> <code class="bash plain">on</code>
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<code class="bash plain">service xinetd restart</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 如果执行 service xinetd restart 发现 xinetd: unrecognized service 则未安装xinetd服务</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 执行 yum install xinetd 安装 xinetd服务</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 安装之后启动 xinetd服务(service xinetd start)</code>
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<p>
编辑rsync的xinetd配置文件/etc/xinetd.d/rsync文件，修改参数 <code>server_args = --daemon --config=/etc/rsyncd/rsyncd.conf</code> 可以配置rsync服务器启动时的参数</p>
<p>
如果使用独立运行模式，则执行如下命令</p>
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<code class="bash plain">/usr/bin/rsync</code> <code class="bash plain">--daemon</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#编辑 /etc/rc.local文件 加入 /usr/bin/rsync --daemon 保证每次开机启动都会自动启动rsync服务</code>
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<p>
<span><strong>配置文件</strong></span></p>
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<code class="bash comments"># 创建rsync服务目录</code>
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<code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">/etc/rsyncd</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 创建配置文件</code>
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<code class="bash functions">touch</code> <code class="bash plain">/etc/rsyncd/rsyncd</code><code class="bash plain">.conf</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 创建密码文件</code>
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<code class="bash functions">touch</code> <code class="bash plain">/etc/rsyncd/rsyncd</code><code class="bash plain">.</code><code class="bash functions">passwd</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#权限修改</code>
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<code class="bash functions">chown</code> <code class="bash plain">root:root </code><code class="bash plain">/etc/rsyncd/rsyncd</code><code class="bash plain">.</code><code class="bash functions">passwd</code>
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<code class="bash functions">chmod</code> <code class="bash plain">600 </code><code class="bash plain">/etc/rsyncd/rsyncd</code><code class="bash plain">.</code><code class="bash functions">passwd</code>
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<p>
<strong>配置文件语法介绍</strong></p>
<p>
1. 模块</p>
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以[模块名称]开始</p>
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2. 参数配置行</p>
<p>
格式 name = value<br>
其中 value的值可以是string(可以不使用引号)或者boolean(0/1,true/false,yes/no)</p>
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3. 以#开始是注释行</p>
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4. 以\是续行符</p>
<p>
<strong>全局参数([模块名称]之外的配置均为全局配置)</strong></p>
<p>
<span>address</span></p>
<p>
在独立运行时，用于指定的服务器运行的 IP 地址。由 xinetd 运行时将忽略此参数，使用命令行上的 –address 选项替代<br>
默认值 本地所有IP</p>
<p>
<span>port</span></p>
<p>
指定 rsync 守护进程监听的端口号。 由 xinetd 运行时将忽略此参数，使用命令行上的–port 选项替代。<br>
默认值是 873</p>
<p>
<span>motd file</span></p>
<p>
指定一个消息文件，当客户连接服务器时该文件的内容显示给客户。<br>
默认值无</p>
<p>
<span>pid file</span></p>
<p>
rsync 的守护进程将其 PID 写入指定的文件。<br>
默认值 无</p>
<p>
<span>log file</span></p>
<p>
指定 rsync 守护进程的日志文件，而不将日志发送给 syslog。<br>
默认值 无</p>
<p>
<span>syslog facility</span></p>
<p>
指定 rsync 发送日志消息给 syslog 时的消息级别<br>
默认值 daemon</p>
<p>
<span>socket options</span></p>
<p>
指定自定义 TCP 选项。<br>
默认值无</p>
<p>
<strong>模块参数</strong></p>
<p>
模块参数主要用于定义 rsync 服务器哪个目录要被同步。模块声明的格式必须为 形式，这个名字就是在 rsync 客户端看到的名字，类似于 Samba 服务器提供的共享名。而服务器真正同步的数据是通过 path 来指定的。可以根据自己的需要，来指定多个模块，模块中可以定义以下参数：</p>
<p>
1. 基本模块参数</p>
<p>
<span>path</span><br>
指定当前模块在 rsync 服务器上的同步路径，该参数是必须指定的</p>
<p>
<span>comment</span><br>
给模块指定一个描述，该描述连同模块名在客户连接得到模块列表时显示给客户</p>
<p>
2. 模块控制参数</p>
<p>
<span>use chroot</span><br>
若为 true，则 rsync 在传输文件之前首先 chroot 到 path 参数所指定的目录下。这样做的原因是实现额外的安全防护，但是缺点是需要 root 权限，并且不能备份指向 path 外部的符号连接所指向的目录文件。<br>
默认值true</p>
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<span>uid</span><br>
指定该模块以指定的 UID 传输文件。<br>
默认值 nobody</p>
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<span>gid</span><br>
指定该模块以指定的 GID 传输文件。<br>
默认值 nobody</p>
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<span>max connections</span><br>
定该模块的最大并发连接数量以保护服务器，超过限制的连接请求将被告知随后再试。<br>
默认值 0 不限制</p>
<p>
<span>read only</span><br>
指定是否允许客户上传文件。若为 true 则不允许上传；若为 false 并且服务器目录也具有读写权限则允许上传。<br>
默认值 true</p>
<p>
<span>write only</span><br>
指定是否允许客户下载文件。若为 true 则不允许下载；若为 false 并且服务器目录也具有读权限则允许下载。<br>
默认值 false</p>
<p>
3. 模块认证参数</p>
<p>
<span>hosts allow</span><br>
用一个主机列表指定哪些主机客户允许连接该模块。不匹配主机列表的主机将被拒绝<br>
默认值 *</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
客户主机列表定义可以是以下形式：</p>
<p>
单个IP地址 例如：192.168.0.1<br>
整个网段 例如：192.168.0.0/24，192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0<br>
可解析的单个主机名 例如：centos，centos.bsmart.cn<br>
域内的所有主机 例如：.bsmart.cn<br>
“”则表示所有。<br>
多个列表项要用空格间隔。</p>
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<p>
<span>hosts deny</span><br>
用一个主机列表指定哪些主机客户不允许连接该模块。<br>
默认值 空</p>
<p>
<span>auth users</span><br>
指定由空格或逗号分隔的用户名列表，只有这些用户才允许连接该模块。这里的用户和系统用户没有任何关系。用户名和口令以明文方式存放在 secrets file 参数指定的文件中<br>
默认匿名</p>
<p>
<span>secrets file</span><br>
指定一个 rsync 认证口令文件。只有在 auth users 被定义时，该文件才起作用。<br>
默认值 空</p>
<p>
<span>strict modes</span><br>
指定是否监测口令文件的权限。若为 true 则口令文件只能被 rsync 服务器运行身份的用户访问，其他任何用户不可以访问该文件。<br>
默认值 true<br>
> - rsync 认证口令文件的权限一定是 600，否则客户端将不能连接服务器。</p>
<p>
rsync 认证口令文件中每一行指定一个 用户名:口令 对，格式为：<code>username:passwd</code></p>
<p>
一般来说口令最好不要超过8个字符。若您只配置匿名访问的 rsync 服务器，则无需设置上述参数。</p>
<p>
<strong>配置文件实例</strong></p>
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<code class="bash comments"># GLOBAL OPTIONS</code>
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<code class="bash plain">uid = root</code>
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<code class="bash plain">gid = root</code>
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<code class="bash plain">use chroot = no</code>
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<code class="bash functions">read</code> <code class="bash plain">only = </code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#limit access to private LANs</code>
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<code class="bash plain">hosts allow=172.16.0.0</code><code class="bash plain">/255</code><code class="bash plain">.255.0.0 192.168.1.0</code><code class="bash plain">/255</code><code class="bash plain">.255.255.0 10.0.1.0</code><code class="bash plain">/255</code><code class="bash plain">.255.255.0</code>
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<code class="bash plain">hosts deny=*</code>
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<code class="bash plain">max connections = 5</code>
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<code class="bash plain">pid </code><code class="bash functions">file</code> <code class="bash plain">= </code><code class="bash plain">/var/run/rsyncd</code><code class="bash plain">.pid</code>
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<code class="bash plain">secrets </code><code class="bash functions">file</code> <code class="bash plain">= </code><code class="bash plain">/etc/rsyncd/rsyncd</code><code class="bash plain">.secrets</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#motd file = /etc/rsyncd/rsyncd.motd</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#This will give you a separate log file</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#log file = /var/log/rsync.log</code>
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<code class="bash comments">#This will log every file transferred - up to 85,000+ per user, per sync</code>
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<code class="bash plain">transfer logging = </code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">log </code><code class="bash functions">format</code> <code class="bash plain">= %t %a %m %f %b</code>
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<code class="bash plain">syslog facility = local3</code>
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<code class="bash plain">timeout = 300</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># MODULE OPTIONS</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code>
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<code class="bash plain">path = </code><code class="bash plain">/home/david/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">list=</code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">ignore errors</code>
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<code class="bash plain">auth </code><code class="bash functions">users</code> <code class="bash plain">= david</code>
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<code class="bash plain">comment = David home</code>
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<code class="bash plain">exclude = important/</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code>
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<code class="bash plain">path = </code><code class="bash plain">/tmp/china/</code>
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<code class="bash plain">list=no</code>
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<code class="bash plain">ignore errors</code>
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<code class="bash plain">auth </code><code class="bash functions">users</code> <code class="bash plain">= china</code>
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<code class="bash plain">comment = tmp_china</code>
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<strong>密码文件</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain">david:asdf </code><code class="bash comments">#格式 用户名:口令</code>
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<code class="bash plain">china:jk </code><code class="bash comments">#该用户不要求是系统用户</code>
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<strong>查看rsync服务是否启动</strong></p>
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<code class="bash functions">netstat</code> <code class="bash plain">-an | </code><code class="bash functions">grep</code> <code class="bash plain">873</code>
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<span><strong>rsync 客户端</strong></span></p>
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<code class="bash comments"># 安装客户端</code>
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<code class="bash plain">yum -y </code><code class="bash functions">install</code> <code class="bash functions">rsync</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 同步命令</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># -a 参数，相当于-rlptgoD</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># -r 是递归 -l 是链接文件，意思是拷贝链接文件；-p 表示保持文件原有权限</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># -t 保持文件原有时间；-g 保持文#件原有用户组；-o 保持文件原有属主；-D 相当于块设备文件</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># -z 传输时压缩；</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># -P 传输进度；</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># -v 传输时的进度等信息，和-P有点关系，自己试试。可以看文档；</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 同步</code>
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<code class="bash functions">rsync</code> <code class="bash plain">-avzP david@172.16.1.135::davidhome </code><code class="bash plain">/tmp/david/</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 客户端数据和服务器端数据保持一致</code>
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<code class="bash functions">rsync</code> <code class="bash plain">-avzP --delete david@172.16.1.135::davidhome </code><code class="bash plain">/tmp/david/</code>
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<code class="bash comments"># 指定传输时候的密码文件，密码文件权限 600</code>
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<code class="bash functions">rsync</code> <code class="bash plain">-avzP --delete --password-</code><code class="bash functions">file</code><code class="bash plain">=</code><code class="bash plain">/tmp/rsync</code><code class="bash plain">.password david@172.16.1.135::davidhome </code><code class="bash plain">/tmp/david/</code>
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希望本文所述对大家CentOS服务器配置有所帮助。</p>
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原文链接：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002502991</p>
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