Linux shell tr 命令详解
<p><strong>Linux shell tr 命令详解</strong></p>
<p>
<strong>1. 用途</strong></p>
<p>
tr，translate的简写，主要用于压缩重复字符，删除文件中的控制字符以及进行字符转换操作。</p>
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<strong>2. 语法</strong></p>
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<code class="bash functions">tr</code> <code class="bash plain">... SET1 </code>
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<strong>3. 参数</strong></p>
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3.1 -s 压缩重复字符</p>
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-s： squeeze-repeats，用SET1指定的字符来替换对应的重复字符 （replace each input sequence of a repeated character that is listed in SET1 with a single occurrence of that character）</p>
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<code class="bash plain">xiaosi@Qunar:~</code><code class="bash plain">/test</code><code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash string">"aaabbbaacccfddd"</code> <code class="bash plain">| </code><code class="bash functions">tr</code> <code class="bash plain">-s </code><code class="bash plain">//</code> <code class="bash plain">abacfd</code>
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可以使用这一特点，删除文件中的空白行，实质上跟上面一样，都是用SET1指定的字符来替换对应的重复字符</p>
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<code class="bash plain">xiaosi@Qunar:~</code><code class="bash plain">/test</code><code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain">b.txt</code>
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<code class="bash plain">I like football</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Football is very fun!</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Hello</code>
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<code class="bash plain">xiaosi@Qunar:~</code><code class="bash plain">/test</code><code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain">b.txt | </code><code class="bash functions">tr</code> <code class="bash plain">-s [</code><code class="bash string">"\n"</code><code class="bash plain">]</code>
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<code class="bash plain">I like football</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Football is very fun!</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Hello</code>
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<strong>3.2 -d 删除字符</strong></p>
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-d：delete，删除SET1中指定的所有字符，不转换（delete characters in SET1, do not translate）</p>
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<code class="bash plain">xiaosi@Qunar:~</code><code class="bash plain">/test</code><code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash string">"a12HJ13fdaADff"</code> <code class="bash plain">| </code><code class="bash functions">tr</code> <code class="bash plain">-d </code><code class="bash string">""</code>
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<code class="bash plain">1213</code>
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<code class="bash plain">xiaosi@Qunar:~</code><code class="bash plain">/test</code><code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash string">"a1213fdasf"</code> <code class="bash plain">| </code><code class="bash functions">tr</code> <code class="bash plain">-d </code>
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<code class="bash plain">1213</code>
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3.3 字符替换</p>
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-t：truncate，将SET1中字符用SET2对应位置的字符进行替换，一般缺省为-t</p>
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<code class="bash plain">xiaosi@Qunar:~</code><code class="bash plain">/test</code><code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">echo</code> <code class="bash string">"a1213fdasf"</code> <code class="bash plain">| </code><code class="bash functions">tr</code> <code class="bash plain">-t </code><code class="bash plain">//</code> <code class="bash plain">A1213FOAsF</code>
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上述代码将a转换为A，f转换为F，d转换为O。</p>
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可以利用这一特点，实现大小字母的转换</p>
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<code class="java plain">xiaosi</code><code class="java color1">@Qunar</code><code class="java plain">:~/test$ echo </code><code class="java string">"Hello World I Love You"</code> <code class="java plain">|tr -t </code>
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<code class="java plain">HELLO WORLD I LOVE YOU</code>
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<code class="java plain">xiaosi</code><code class="java color1">@Qunar</code><code class="java plain">:~/test$ echo </code><code class="java string">"HELLO WORLD I LOVE YOU"</code> <code class="java plain">|tr -t </code>
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<code class="java plain">hello world i love you</code>
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也可以利用字符集合进行转换</p>
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<code class="java plain">xiaosi</code><code class="java color1">@Qunar</code><code class="java plain">:~/test$ echo </code><code class="java string">"Hello World I Love You"</code> <code class="java plain">|tr -t [:lower:] [:upper:]</code>
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<code class="java plain">HELLO WORLD I LOVE YOU</code>
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<code class="java plain">xiaosi</code><code class="java color1">@Qunar</code><code class="java plain">:~/test$ echo </code><code class="java string">"HELLO WORLD I LOVE YOU"</code> <code class="java plain">|tr -t [:upper:] [:lower:]</code>
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<code class="java plain">hello world i love you</code>
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<strong>备注：</strong></p>
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字符集合如下</p>
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<code class="bash plain">\NNN 八进制值的字符 NNN (1 to 3 为八进制值的字符)</code>
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<code class="bash plain">\\ 反斜杠</code>
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<code class="bash plain">\a Ctrl-G 铃声</code>
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<code class="bash plain">\b Ctrl-H 退格符</code>
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<code class="bash plain">\f Ctrl-L 走行换页</code>
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<code class="bash plain">\n Ctrl-J 新行</code>
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<code class="bash plain">\r Ctrl-M 回车</code>
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<code class="bash plain">\t Ctrl-I tab键</code>
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<code class="bash plain">\</code><code class="bash functions">v</code> <code class="bash plain">Ctrl-X 水平制表符</code>
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<code class="bash plain">CHAR1-CHAR2 从CHAR1 到 CHAR2的所有字符按照ASCII字符的顺序</code>
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<code class="bash plain"> </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">SET2, copies of CHAR </code><code class="bash keyword">until</code> <code class="bash plain">length of SET1</code>
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<code class="bash plain"> REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal </code><code class="bash keyword">if</code> <code class="bash plain">starting with 0</code>
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<code class="bash plain">[:alnum:] 所有的字母和数字</code>
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<code class="bash plain">[:alpha:] 所有字母</code>
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<code class="bash plain">[:blank:] 水平制表符，空白等</code>
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<code class="bash plain">[:cntrl:] 所有控制字符</code>
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<code class="bash plain">[:digit:] 所有的数字</code>
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<code class="bash plain">[:graph:] 所有可打印字符，不包括空格</code>
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<code class="bash plain">[:lower:] 所有的小写字符</code>
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<code class="bash plain">[:print:] 所有可打印字符，包括空格</code>
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<code class="bash plain">[:punct:] 所有的标点字符</code>
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<code class="bash plain">[:space:] 所有的横向或纵向的空白</code>
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<code class="bash plain">[:upper:] 所有大写字母</code>
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<strong>3.4 字符补集替换</strong></p>
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-c：complement，用SET2替换SET1中没有包含的字符</p>
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<code class="bash plain">xiaosi@Qunar:~</code><code class="bash plain">/test</code><code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain">a.txt</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Monday 09:00</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Tuesday 09:10</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Wednesday 10:11</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Thursday 11:30</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Friday 08:00</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Saturday 07:40</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Sunday 10:00</code>
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<code class="bash plain">xiaosi@Qunar:~</code><code class="bash plain">/test</code><code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain">a.txt | </code><code class="bash functions">tr</code> <code class="bash plain">-c </code><code class="bash string">""</code> <code class="bash string">"#"</code> <code class="bash plain">| </code><code class="bash functions">tr</code> <code class="bash plain">-s </code><code class="bash string">"#"</code> <code class="bash plain">| </code><code class="bash functions">tr</code> <code class="bash plain">-t </code><code class="bash string">"#"</code> <code class="bash string">"\n"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Monday</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Tuesday</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Wednesday</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Thursday</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Friday</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Saturday</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Sunday</code>
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<p>
上面代码中 tr -c "" "#" 表示将除大小字母以外的所有的字符都替换为#。</p>
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上面代码可优化为：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">xiaosi@Qunar:~</code><code class="bash plain">/test</code><code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cat</code> <code class="bash plain">a.txt | </code><code class="bash functions">tr</code> <code class="bash plain">-cs </code><code class="bash string">""</code> <code class="bash string">"\n"</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Monday</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Tuesday</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Wednesday</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Thursday</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Friday</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Saturday</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Sunday</code>
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<p>
感谢阅读，希望能帮助到大家，谢谢大家对本站的支持！</p>
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原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/sunnyyoona/article/details/52986893</p>
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