CentOS 7 安装vsftpd 服务器的具体操作步骤
<p>在CentOS7上安装ftp服务器用于保存服务端上传的图片。</p>
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<span><strong>1、CentOS卸载vsftpd的方法</strong></span></p>
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如果服务器上已经安装了vsftpd服务，配置出错需要卸载vsftpd服务。</p>
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<strong>1.1 查找vsftpd服务</strong></p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># rpm -aq vsftpd</code>
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返回结果显示：</p>
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vsftpd-3.0.2-21.el7.x86_64 #此处是查找vsftpd的返回结果</p>
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表示此服务期之前已经安装过vsftpd服务。</p>
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<strong>1.2 删除查找到的vsftpd服务</strong></p>
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注：在卸载vsftpd之前，先停止vsftpd</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># /sbin/service vsftpd stop</code>
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卸载vsftpd：</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># rpm -e vsftpd-3.0.2-21.el7.x86_64</code>
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返回结果显示：</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain">warning: /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf saved as /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf.rpmsave #删除时将备份vsftp的用户列表文件</code>
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<strong>1.3 输入验证命令，验证vsftpd服务是否已经删除</strong></p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># /sbin/service vsftpd stop</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop vsftpd.service</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">Failed to stop vsftpd.service: Unit vsftpd.service not loaded. #找不到vsftpd</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># /sbin/service vsftpd start</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start vsftpd.service</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">Failed to start vsftpd.service: Unit not found. #找不到vsftpd</code>
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如果输入以上两个命令都显示找不到vsftpd服务的话，那就证明已经卸载成功。</p>
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<span><strong>2、安装vsftpd组件</strong></span></p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># yum -y install vsftpd</code>
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<strong>2.1 启动ftp</strong></p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># systemctl start vsftpd.service</code>
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<strong>2.2 放开21端口</strong></p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=21/tcp --permanent</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># firewall-cmd --reload</code>
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<span><strong>3、vsftpd服务的详细配置</strong></span></p>
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<strong>3.1 关闭匿名用户</strong></p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code>
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在vsftpd.conf配置文件中修改以下三项：</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain">anonymous_enable=NO</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">#anon_upload_enable=YES</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES</code>
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然后重启ftp服务：</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># systemctl restart vsftpd.service</code>
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通过配置重启之后，匿名用户不可以登录了。</p>
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<strong>3.2 建立ftp虚拟宿主账户</strong></p>
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新建一个不能登录系统用户. 只用来登录ftp服务 ,这里如果没设置用户目录。默认是在home下：</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># useradd ftpuser -s /sbin/nologin</code>
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为ftpuser用户设置密码：</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># passwd ftpuser</code>
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<strong>3.3 查看ftp的状态</strong></p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># getsebool -a|grep ftp</code>
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显示结果：</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain">ftpd_anon_write --> off</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">ftpd_connect_db --> off</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">ftpd_full_access --> off</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">ftpd_use_cifs --> off</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">ftpd_use_fusefs --> off</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">ftpd_use_nfs --> off</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">tftp_anon_write --> off</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">tftp_home_dir --> off</code>
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将上面红色两项状态设置为on：</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># setsebool -P allow_ftpd_full_access on</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># setsebool -P tftp_home_dir on</code>
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<strong>3.4 配置vsftpd.conf</strong></p>
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限制系统用户锁定在/home/ftpuser目录</p>
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如果设置为</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain">chroot_local_user＝YES</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">chroot_list_enable=YES(这行可以没有, 也可以有)</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list</code>
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那么, 凡是加在文件vsftpd.chroot_list中的用户都是不受限止的用户</p>
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即, 可以浏览其主目录的上级目录.</p>
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所以, 如果不希望某用户能够浏览其主目录上级目录中的内容,可以如上设置, 然后在</p>
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文件vsftpd.chroot_list中不添加该用户即可(此时, 在该文件中的用户都是可以浏览其主目录之外的目录的).</p>
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或者, 设置如下</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain">chroot_local_user＝NO</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">chroot_list_enable=YES(这行必须要有, 否则文件vsftpd.chroot_list不会起作用)</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list</code>
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然后把所有不希望有这种浏览其主目录之上的各目录权限的用户添加到文件vsftpd.chroot_list(此时, 在该文件中的用户都是不可以浏览其主目录之外的目录的)</p>
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中即可(一行一个用户名).</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code>
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<p>
这里有两种方案，我采用第二种，配置如下：</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain">chroot_local_user＝NO</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">chroot_list_enable=YES #(这行必须要有, 否则文件vsftpd.chroot_list不会起作用)</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain">chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list</code>
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<p>
默认chroot_list是不存在的</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># vim /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list</code>
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然后加入 ftpuser ，表示只有ftpuser不能访问上级目录，重启vsftpd。</p>
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<strong>3.5 修改权限</strong></p>
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修改/home/ftpuser 的权限为不可写</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># chmod a-w /home/ftpuser/taotao</code>
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这是因为我们在上面将/home/ftpuser/taotao文件的权限改为不可写了，那么我们在这个目录下创建一个images文件夹，用来上传文件。并将权限赋值给 ftpuser 用户</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># mkdir images</code>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># chown ftpuser images</code>
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<span><strong>4、开启PASV（被动模式）</strong></span></p>
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在 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 的最下面加入</p>
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并且在userlist_enable=YES文件后面添加</p>
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开启防火墙：</p>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=30000-30999/tcp --permanent </code>
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<code class="xhtml plain"># firewall-cmd --reload</code>
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这样就可以使用ftp服务器上传文件了。</p>
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以上这篇CentOS 7 安装vsftpd 服务器的具体操作步骤就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。</p>
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