宿命的制裁 發表於 2023-11-14 00:00:00

linux下hadoop配置过程

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        <strong style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>1,安装linux</strong><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'> </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>本文假设从裸机开始,所以要先装linux。本人是ubuntu对支持者,所以装的是ubuntu,废话没有,很容易就装好了。在安装过程中,要注意所有节点对主机名应该有规律,比如node0, node1, node2 ... </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><strong style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>2,准备</strong><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'> </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>下面对软件对安装,全都使用了apt,这个软件需要互联网链接,如果你对网速极慢,或者根本链接不到外部网络(这个现象在教育网内很常见),可以从一个能上网对ubuntu电脑上的/var/cache/apt/archives文件夹里deb文件出来安装(什么?你问我这个文件夹里为什么没有想要的包,这个文件夹是apt对缓存文件夹,想要里面有你想要对东西,不用我提醒你应该怎么办了吧)。 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>ubuntu默认已经装好了openssh-client,需要安装openssh-server。命令如下: </span></p>
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                <span><u>复制代码</u></span></p>
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                代码如下:</p>
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        sudo apt-get install openssh-server </p>
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        <br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>然后是jdk: </span></p>
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                <span><u>复制代码</u></span></p>
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                代码如下:</p>
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        sudo apt-get install default-jdk </p>
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        <br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><strong style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>3,配置网络</strong><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'> </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>如果你的节点们可以通过dhcp服务器获得ip,我个人建议,这样做,原因是简单,不用怎么配置就搞定了。或者可以使用静态ip,作为一个牛b的linux大牛,应该可以通过一行命令来设置静态ip,但是我不会。我通常都是在gnome提供的网络管理器来设ip对。如果你用对linux里没有图形界面,那样请google。 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>设置好了ip地址之后,记忆在/etc/hosts文件中给每个节点起个名字,最好就是各自对主机名,这样有利于下面对配置和管理。 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>hadoop要求各节点间可以不需要输入密码就能用ssh互相登录。我使用了比官方方法简单一点方法来设置,但是据说安全性有点儿问题。下面是方法: </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>在某个节点上执行如下命令: </span></p>
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                <span><u>复制代码</u></span></p>
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                代码如下:</p>
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        rm -rf ~/.ssh </p>
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                <span><u>复制代码</u></span></p>
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                代码如下:</p>
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        ssh-keygen -t rsa </p>
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        <br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>这个命令之后需要多按几次回车,知道再次出现命令提示符。当然,这个做法也不是很安全,里面有个输入key的地方,官方的建议是,输入一首歌的歌词,呵呵,这个建议很搞笑。当然在我的步骤中,这个key就是空值了。 </span></p>
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                <span><u>复制代码</u></span></p>
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                代码如下:</p>
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        cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub &gt;&gt; authorized_keys </p>
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        <br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>然后把整个.ssh文件夹考到所有对节点上,具体方法可以使用scp命令,具体命令由于和具体环境有关,下面不写。 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>这样网络就设置对差不多了。 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><strong style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>4,安装hadoop</strong><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'> </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>解压,这个比较简单,命令不写。解压对位置最好每个hadoop都一样,不一样有什么后果,我没试过。 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>之后要进行一些配置,首先进入解压后目录对conf文件夹,要修改对配置文件包括hadoop-env.sh hadoop-site.xml masters slaves </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>hadoop-env.sh中要uncomment下面一行: </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>
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                <span><u>复制代码</u></span></p>
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                代码如下:</p>
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        export JAVA_HOME=/home/hadoop/jdk1.6.0_16/ </p>
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        <br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>当然具体的值,也要根据具体情况进行更改。 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>接下来是hadoop-site.xml,下面是我的文件内容。 </span></p>
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                <span><u>复制代码</u></span></p>
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                代码如下:</p>
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        &lt;configuration&gt; <br>
        &lt;property&gt; <br>
        &lt;name&gt;fs.default.name&lt;/name&gt; <br>
        &lt;value&gt;hdfs://node0:6000&lt;/value&gt; <br>
        &lt;/property&gt; <br>
        &lt;property&gt; <br>
        &lt;name&gt;mapred.job.tracker&lt;/name&gt; <br>
        &lt;value&gt;node0:6001&lt;/value&gt; <br>
        &lt;/property&gt; <br>
        &lt;/configuratiron&gt; </p>
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        <br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>这个例子很直白,不解释。 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>masters里面是jobtracker和namenode所在节点的主机名或者ip地址,我的masters文件里只有一行,当然如果你想要设置多个节点作为主节点,也可以。 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>slaves里面是所有tasktracker和datanode对主机名或ip地址。 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><strong style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>5,运行</strong><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'> </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>先进入hadoop安装文件夹。然后依次运行如下命令: </span></p>
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                <span><u>复制代码</u></span></p>
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                代码如下:</p>
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        bin/hadoop namenode -format <br>
        bin/start-all.sh </p>
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        <br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>不出意外的话,现在hadoop就可以使用了。 </span><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><br style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'><span style='font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px;'>Hadoop是一个分布式系统基础架构,由Apache基金会开发。用户可以在不了解分布式底层细节的情况下,开发分布式程序。充分利用集群的威力高速运算和存储。Hadoop实现了一个分布式文件系统(Hadoop Distributed File System),简称HDFS。HDFS有着高容错性的特点,并且设计用来部署在低廉的(low-cost)硬件上。而且它提供高传输率(high throughput)来访问应用程序的数据,适合那些有着超大数据集(large data set)的应用程序。HDFS放宽了(relax)POSIX的要求(requirements)这样可以流的形式访问(streaming access)文件系统中的数据。</span></p>
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