在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤
<p><strong>环境：</strong></p>
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服务器 CentOS6.6 + git（version 1.7.1）</p>
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客户端 Windows10 + git（version 2.8.4.windows.1）</p>
<p>
<strong> ① 安装 Git</strong></p>
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Linux 做为服务器端系统，Windows 作为客户端系统，分别安装 Git</p>
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服务器端：</p>
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<code class="bash comments">#yum install -y git</code>
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安装完后，查看 Git 版本</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># git --version</code>
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<code class="bash plain">git version 1.7.1</code>
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客户端：</p>
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下载 Git for Windows，地址：https://git-for-windows.github.io/</p>
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安装完之后，可以使用 Git Bash 作为命令行客户端。</p>
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安装完之后，查看 Git 版本</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ git --version</code>
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<code class="bash plain">git version 2.8.4.windows.1</code>
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<strong>② 服务器端创建 git 用户，用来管理 Git 服务，并为 git 用户设置密码</strong></p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># id git</code>
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<code class="bash functions">id</code><code class="bash plain">: git：无此用户</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># useradd git</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># passwd git</code>
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<strong>③ 服务器端创建 Git 仓库</strong></p>
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设置 /home/data/git/gittest.git 为 Git 仓库</p>
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然后把 Git 仓库的 owner 修改为 git</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># mkdir -p data/git/gittest.git</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># git init --bare data/git/gittest.git</code>
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<code class="bash plain">Initialized empty Git repository </code><code class="bash keyword">in</code> <code class="bash plain">/home/data/git/gittest</code><code class="bash plain">.git/</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cd data/git/</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chown -R git:git gittest.git/</code>
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<strong>④ 客户端 clone 远程仓库</strong></p>
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进入 Git Bash 命令行客户端，创建项目地址（设置在 d:/wamp64/www/gittest_gitbash）并进入:</p>
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<code class="bash plain">dee@Lenovo-PC MINGW64 </code><code class="bash plain">/d</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">wamp64</code><code class="bash plain">/www</code>
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<code class="bash plain">dee@Lenovo-PC MINGW64 </code><code class="bash plain">/d/wamp64/www</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">gittest_gitbash</code>
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<code class="bash plain">dee@Lenovo-PC MINGW64 </code><code class="bash plain">/d/wamp64/www</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">cd</code> <code class="bash plain">gittest_gitbash</code>
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<code class="bash plain">dee@Lenovo-PC MINGW64 </code><code class="bash plain">/d/wamp64/www/gittest_gitbash</code>
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<code class="bash plain">$</code>
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然后从 Linux Git 服务器上 clone 项目：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ git clone git@192.168.56.101:</code><code class="bash plain">/home/data/gittest</code><code class="bash plain">.git</code>
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<img title="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" alt="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/f35646f670a28fa05cd47b67e5c51e60.jpg"> </p>
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当第一次连接到目标 Git 服务器时会得到一个提示：</p>
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The authenticity of host '192.168.56.101 (192.168.56.101)' can't be established.RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Ve6WV/SCA059EqoUOzbFoZdfmMh3B259nigfmvdadqQ.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?</p>
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选择 yes：</p>
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Warning: Permanently added '192.168.56.101' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.</p>
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此时 C:\Users\用户名\.ssh 下会多出一个文件 known_hosts，以后在这台电脑上再次连接目标 Git 服务器时不会再提示上面的语句。</p>
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<img title="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" alt="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/aa3785b2cf03aaab1ec19ae0d8d6e142.jpg"></p>
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后面提示要输入密码，可以采用 SSH 公钥来进行验证。 </p>
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⑤ 客户端创建 SSH 公钥和私钥</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">-keygen -t rsa -C</code>
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<img title="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" alt="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/9a85f3977b0654152dd0870974816b96.jpg"></p>
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此时 C:\Users\用户名\.ssh 下会多出两个文件 id_rsa 和 id_rsa.pub</p>
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id_rsa 是私钥</p>
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id_rsa.pub 是公钥</p>
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<img title="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" alt="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/57d65e509511e96fad40e046f0cb58b2.jpg"></p>
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⑥ 服务器端 Git 打开 RSA 认证</p>
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进入 /etc/ssh 目录，编辑 sshd_config，打开以下三个配置的注释：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">RSAAuthentication </code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">PubkeyAuthentication </code><code class="bash functions">yes</code>
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<code class="bash plain">AuthorizedKeysFile .</code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">/authorized_keys</code>
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保存并重启 sshd 服务：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># /etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd restart</code>
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由 AuthorizedKeysFile 得知公钥的存放路径是 .ssh/authorized_keys，实际上是 $Home/.ssh/authorized_keys，由于管理 Git 服务的用户是 git，所以实际存放公钥的路径是 /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys</p>
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在 /home/git/ 下创建目录 .ssh</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># pwd</code>
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<code class="bash plain">/home/git</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># mkdir .ssh</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ls -a </code>
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<code class="bash plain">. .. .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc .gnome2 .mozilla .</code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code>
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然后把 .ssh 文件夹的 owner 修改为 git</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chown -R git:git .ssh</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ll -a</code>
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<code class="bash plain">总用量 32</code>
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<code class="bash plain">drwx------. 5 git git 4096 8月 28 20:04 .</code>
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<code class="bash plain">drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 4096 8月 28 19:32 ..</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r--. 1 git git 18 10月 16 2014 .bash_logout</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r--. 1 git git 176 10月 16 2014 .bash_profile</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw-r--r--. 1 git git 124 10月 16 2014 .bashrc</code>
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<code class="bash plain">drwxr-xr-x. 2 git git 4096 11月 12 2010 .gnome2</code>
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<code class="bash plain">drwxr-xr-x. 4 git git 4096 5月 8 12:22 .mozilla</code>
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<code class="bash plain">drwxr-xr-x. 2 git git 4096 8月 28 20:08 .</code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code>
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⑦ 将客户端公钥导入服务器端 /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件</p>
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回到 Git Bash 下，导入文件：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code> <code class="bash plain">git@192.168.56.101 </code><code class="bash string">'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'</code> <code class="bash plain">< ~/.</code><code class="bash functions">ssh</code><code class="bash plain">/id_rsa</code><code class="bash plain">.pub</code>
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需要输入服务器端 git 用户的密码</p>
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<img title="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" alt="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/a95aecc2cd4b9d3ce3f03376b3343c03.jpg"></p>
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回到服务器端，查看 .ssh 下是否存在 authorized_keys 文件：</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cd .ssh</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># ll</code>
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<code class="bash plain">总用量 4</code>
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<code class="bash plain">-rw-rw-r--. 1 git git 398 8月 28 20:08 authorized_keys</code>
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可以查看一下是否是客户端生成的公钥。</p>
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<span><strong>重要：</strong></span></p>
<p>
修改 .ssh 目录的权限为 700</p>
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修改 .ssh/authorized_keys 文件的权限为 600</p>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chmod 700 .ssh</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># cd .ssh</code>
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<code class="bash plain"></code><code class="bash comments"># chmod 600 authorized_keys</code>
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⑧ 客户端再次 clone 远程仓库</p>
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<span>?</span>
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<code class="bash plain">$ git clone git@192.168.56.101:</code><code class="bash plain">/home/data/git/gittest</code><code class="bash plain">.git</code>
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<img title="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" alt="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/cf585791597390a346e6770035b2d279.jpg"></p>
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查看客户端项目目录：</p>
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<img title="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" alt="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/35d4a039ffe66526259acd9fe9d51bd7.jpg"></p>
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项目已经 clone 了。 </p>
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也可以使用 tortoiseGit 客户端来管理项目：</p>
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<img title="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" alt="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/949e866dba9736f264c58e2e4f3954ef.jpg"></p>
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clone</p>
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<img title="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" alt="在Linux下搭建Git服务器步骤" src="https://zhuji.jb51.net/uploads/img/202305/479c3b6f4de42eaa3f956632fa23c11b.jpg"></p>
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⑨ 禁止 git 用户 ssh 登录服务器</p>
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之前在服务器端创建的 git 用户不允许 ssh 登录服务器</p>
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编辑 /etc/passwd</p>
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找到：</p>
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<code class="bash plain">git:x:502:504::</code><code class="bash plain">/home/git</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/bash</code>
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修改为</p>
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<code class="bash plain">git:x:502:504::</code><code class="bash plain">/home/git</code><code class="bash plain">:</code><code class="bash plain">/bin/git-shell</code>
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此时 git 用户可以正常通过 ssh 使用 git，但无法通过 ssh 登录系统。</p>
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以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。</p>
<p>
原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/dee0912/p/5815267.html</p>
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